Ingabe amaphaphu akho ayawa? Ake sixoxe nge-atelectasis!

Wake wazizwa umuzwa ongavamile, osindayo esifubeni sakho lapho uphefumula? Noma uzizwa sengathi unenkinga yokuphefumula ngokuzumayo? Mhlawumbe usanda kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa okukhulu noma uhlushwa esinye isimo sokuphefumula, lokhu kungaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Namuhla sizokhuluma nge-atelectasis, isimo lapho ingxenye yamaphaphu, noma ngezinye izikhathi lonke iphaphu, liwa khona . Ungakhathazeki, lokhu kuyinto engalawulwa uma uyiqonda kahle.

Kalula nje, iyini i-atelectasis?

Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi iyini i-atelectasis. Kalula nje, yilapho eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwama-air sac amancane (i-alveoli) emaphashini ethu ehluleka ukufutha kahle bese ewa.

Uyazi ukuthi kwenzekani uma siphefumula. Umoya esiwuphefumulayo uya emaphashini nakulezi zikhwama zomoya ezibizwa ngokuthi i-alveoli. Yilapho umoya-mpilo osemoyeni uhlangana khona negazi lethu. Bese lelo gazi eligcwele umoya-mpilo lihamba emzimbeni wonke, linikeze zonke izitho zethu nezicubu umoya-mpilo eziwudingayo ukuze ziphile.

Ake ucabange nje, kwenzekani uma lawa ma-air sac (alveoli) engatholi umoya owanele wokufutha kahle, noma uma ecindezelwa okuthile okungaphandle? Yilapho ewa khona. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-atelectasis. Lokhu kungenzeka engxenyeni encane yamaphaphu, noma kungathinta lonke iphaphu. Into ebalulekile ukuthi, uma inani elikhulu lamaphaphu liwa ngale ndlela, igazi lethu lingase lingatholi umoya-mpilo owanele. Khona-ke kungase kuvele izinkinga ezahlukene zempilo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Atelectasis ne-Pneumothorax?

La magama amabili angase akudide, ngakho ake sichaze umehluko phakathi kwawo womabili.

• I-Atelectasis , njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, ukuwohloka kwama-air sac (alveoli) emaphashini noma engxenyeni yamaphaphu uqobo. Kulokhu, inkinga ingaphakathi kwamaphaphu uqobo.
• I-Pneumothorax yilapho umoya uvuza khona ungene esikhaleni esizungeze iphaphu, ucindezela iphaphu bese ulibangela ukuthi liwe. Kulokhu, ingcindezi ivela ngaphandle kwephaphu.

Uwubonile umehluko? Omunye ungaphakathi, omunye ungaphandle.

Kusho ukuthini i-atelectasis?

Uma ungakaze uhlinzwe isifuba noma isisu muva nje, uma utholakale une-atelectasis, kungase kusho ukuthi kukhona uhlobo oluthile lokuvaleka endleleni yakho yokuphefumula . Lokhu kuvaleka yikho okubangela ukuba ingxenye noma wonke amaphaphu akho awe.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lokhu?

Kunabantu abambalwa abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-atelectasis. Ake sibheke ukuthi bangobani:

• Abantu abake bahlinzwa esifubeni noma esiswini:Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ungase ungakwazi ukuphefumula kakhulu ngenxa ye-anesthesia esetshenziselwa ukukugcina ulele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaphaphu akho ngeke avuvuke kahle.
• Abantu abanezimo ezivimba imigudu yomoya emincane (njenge-bronchi) emaphashini: Lokhu kunciphisa ikhono lamaphaphu lokukhula ngendlela evamile.
• Abantu abalimele esifubeni noma abaphukile izimbambo: Ubuhlungu obukhulu ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula ngokujulile.
• Abantu abachayeke entuthwini kagwayi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-atelectasis?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-atelectasis: Ukucindezela, Ukubuyisela/Ukuvimbela, kanye Nokuncishiswa. Kuzwakala kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane? Masikwenze kube lula.

1. I-compressive atelectasis

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho into ezungeze iphaphu – njengoketshezi, umoya, igazi, noma isimila – ibeka ingcindezi emaphashini, okubangela ukuba liwe. Kufana nokucindezela ingaphandle lebhaluni bese liwe.

2. I-atelectasis evimbayo/evimbelayo

Nakhu okwenzekayo: Ama-air sac emaphashini akho (i-alveoli) amunca umoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide egazini lakho, kodwa ayikho indlela yokuthi umoya omusha ungene. Khona-ke lawo ma-air sac ayaphela futhi agcwale. Ukuhlinzwa okudinga i-anesthesia kuyimbangela enkulu yalokhu.

Futhi, uma into ethile engaphakathi emaphashini (isibonelo, iqhubu, isimila, noma into encane oyigwinye ngephutha) inamathela futhi ivimbele umoya ukuthi ungangeni, lokhu kungabangela i-atelectasis ephindaphindayo. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-obstructive atelectasis .

3. I-atelectasis yokuqunjelwa

Lokhu kubangelwa ukushaqeka (fibrosis) emaphashini. Lokhu kushaqeka kuvimbela amasaka omoya (alveoli) ukuthi angavuleki kahle.

Ezinye izinhlobo

Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, ikakhulukazi izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma lezo ezine-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), zingaba nohlobo olungavamile lwe-patchy atelectasis. Lokhu kwenzeka uma kungekho phrotheni eyanele (ebizwa ngokuthi i-surfactant) evimbela amaphaphu ukuthi angawi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagama anjenge-bibasilar atelectasis, i-rounded atelectasis, i-atelectasis encike ekudonseleni amandla adonsela phansi, kanye ne-subsegmental atelectasis abhekisela endaweni, ukubonakala, noma ubunzima bokubhidlika.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Esikhathini esiningi, i-atelectasis ayibangeli zimpawu ezithile.Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona isimo sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo (njenge-COPD) esibangela i-atelectasis, singase sibonise izimpawu.

Kodwa-ke, uma i-atelectasis ithinta indawo enkulu yamaphaphu akho, amazinga akho e-oxygen egazini angase ehle. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hypoxemia. Izimpawu ezinjengalezi zingase zivele:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula / ukuphelelwa umoya (ukuphelelwa umoya)
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo (i-tachypnea)
• Isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezindebe

Yisiphi isizathu esivame kakhulu?

Imbangela evame kakhulu ye-atelectasis ukuhlinzwa . Uma kusetshenziswa i-anesthesia ukuze uhlale ulele ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, awuphefumuli kakhulu. Futhi awukhwehleli kahle ukuze kusulwe amafinyila emaphashini akho. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi izindlela zakho zokuphefumula zivaleke futhi kuvimbele umoya ukuthi ungafiki kuma-alveoli. Yilapho kwenzeka khona i-atelectasis ephindaphindayo.

Yiziphi ezinye izizathu?

Kunezinye izizathu eziningana ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa.

• I-Mucus plug: Lokhu kuvamile ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ezinganeni ezincane, kubantu abane-cystic fibrosis, kanye nasezihlaselweni ezinzima ze-asthma.
• Into ephefumulwayo: Izinto ezincane , ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane, zingagwinywa ngengozi, njengezingcezu ezincane zamathoyizi noma ukudla. Lokhu kungangena emigudwini yomoya futhi kuvimbe amaphaphu.
• Ukuqongelela koketshezi emaphashini (i-pleural effusion): Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa yisimo sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo, njengesifo senhliziyo.
• Ukuqongelela komoya emaphashini (i-pneumothorax).
• Izimila ezingezona ezomdlavuza (ezingembi).
• Izimila ezinomdlavuza.
• Ukusha kwamaphaphu.
• Izifo eziyisisekelo: I-Atelectasis ingabangelwa nayizimo ezifana nesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD) noma i-acute respiratory distress syndrome (i-ARDS), kanye nezifo zokuphefumula ezifana ne-COVID-19 noma i-pneumonia.

Ukubona kanjani lokhu?

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuxilongeni i-atelectasis ukuthola i-X-ray yesifuba . Lokhu kuthatha isithombe samaphaphu akho. Uma kudingeka, udokotela wakho angase futhi acele i-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) ukuze athole izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi.

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho kungadingeka abheke ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu akho. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokufaka ipayipi elincane elinekhamera emphinjeni wakho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-bronchoscopy . Phakathi nalolu vivinyo, noma yikuphi ukuvinjelwa emigudwini yakho yomoya kungasuswa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

I-Atelectasis ivame ukuba khona.Izophola ngaphandle kokwelashwa okukhethekile, ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuseduze kukadokotela.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zincike embangela yokuvuvukala kanye nobukhulu bako. Zingafaka:

• Ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula okujulile (`i-incentive spirometry`): Lokhu kuhilela ukuzijwayeza ukuphefumula okujulile usebenzisa ithuluzi elincane.
• Ukususa ukuvinjelwa emaphashini: Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-bronchoscopy.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Lokhu kuhilela ukuzivocavoca okusiza ukwandisa amaphaphu.
• Imithi ephefumulayo evula imigudu yomoya (ama-bronchodilators).
• Ukwelashwa kwezimila noma izifo zamaphaphu ezingamahlalakhona.

Khumbula, udokotela wakho uzonquma uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.

Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi?

Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho ye-atelectasis:

• Ngemva kokuhlinzwa: Vuka uhambe ngokushesha nje lapho udokotela wakho ekuyala, yenza izivivinyo zokuphefumula, bese usebenzisa i-spirometer yokukhuthaza.
• Uma unezinkinga zempilo eziyisisekelo: Thola ukwelashwa okufanele kwalesi simo. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.
• Uma ubhema, yeka, noma ungaqali. Ukubhema kubi kakhulu emaphashini akho.
• Uma unezingane ezincane: Ungashiyi amathoyizi amancane noma ukudla lapho kungaminza khona.

Ingabe lesi yisimo esibucayi?

I-Atelectasis ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga enkulu . Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, kungaba nezinkinga ezinkulu:

• Amazinga aphansi e-oxygen egazini (i-hypoxemia): Uma umoya ungakwazi ukufinyelela e-alveoli ngenxa yokuminyana kwamaphaphu, igazi alitholi i-oxygen, kanti izicubu nezitho zomzimba azitholi i-oxygen.
• I-pneumonia: Uma i-mucus iqoqana emigudwini yomoya evalekile, ingangenwa yileli gciwane.
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu (isibonelo, uma iphaphu lonke lithintekile), ukwehluleka kokuphefumula kungenzeka. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni.

Unjani umbono?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi esikhathini esiningi, i-atelectasis izozilungisa (ilulame) uma imbangela eyisisekelo seyelashwe. Iningi labantu liyalulama ngokushesha futhi alinazo imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, umuntu onesimo sesikhathi eside (esingamahlalakhona) angadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ukuze aphathe imbangela eyisisekelo ye-atelectasis.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngemva kokuhlinzwa.Futhi, uma unezimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo ezandisa ingozi yakho ye-atelectasis, ziphathe kahle.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma usanda kuhlinzwa, unesifo esithile esiyimfihlo, ubonisa izimpawu ezintsha, noma ukhathazekile nganoma yiziphi izimpawu, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Amaphaphu ethu ayizitho eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ezibaluleke kakhulu. Anesibopho sokugcina umoya ungaphakathi, ukufaka umoya-mpilo egazini, nokugcina zonke izicubu nezitho emzimbeni zisebenza kahle. I-Atelectasis yilapho ingxenye eyodwa yalolu hlelo ingasebenzi ngendlela efanele. Ukuthi "iphaphu eliwile" - ngisho nengxenye encane - kungaba yinto eyesabekayo kancane. Kodwa, ngenhlanhla, isikhathi esiningi, i-atelectasis ayisona isimo esibucayi ngokwanele ukuba sibe yingozi empilweni.

Ukuze unake: amaphuzu athile abalulekile

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho, lezi yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• I-Atelectasis ukuwohloka kwama-air sac (alveoli) emaphashini.
• Imbangela evame kakhulu ukuhlinzwa, kodwa kunezinye izimbangela, njengokuvaleka kwamafinyila, ukugwinya okuthile, izimila, kanye nesifo samaphaphu.
• Esikhathini esiningi, azikho izimpawu, kodwa izinto ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, kanye nobuhlungu besifuba zingaba khona.
• Ukuzijwayeza ukuvivinya umzimba ngokuphefumula okujulile nokugwema ukubhema ngemva kokuhlinzwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi.
• Lesi simo sivame ukwelapheka.
• Uma unemibuzo noma ukungakhululeki, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo. Hlala uphilile!

I- Atelectasis, ukuwa kwamaphaphu, ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, isifo samaphaphu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu, i-pneumonia