Wake wazizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha noma ngokungajwayelekile? Uzizwa sengathi inhlanzi iyalwa esifubeni sakho noma uvemvane luyandiza? Ungamane nje ulahle lezi zinto njengezingahleliwe. Lokhu kungaba yisimo esibi esihlobene nesigqi senhliziyo yakho. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesinye isimo esinjalo, i-Atrial Fibrillation, noma i-AFIB njengoba sonke siyazi.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)?
Kulungile, ake sikwenze lokhu kube lula kakhulu. Inhliziyo yakho inamakamelo amane amakhulu. Amakamelo amabili aphezulu abizwa ngokuthi i-atria , kanti amakamelo amabili aphansi abizwa ngokuthi ama-ventricle . Ngokuvamile, la makamelo ayafinyela ngendlela enesigqi, ngokwesignali evela ohlelweni lukagesi lwemvelo lwenhliziyo. Okusho ukuthi, amakamelo aphezulu (i-atria) ayafinyela bese epompa igazi emakamelweni aphansi (ama-ventricle). Bese amakamelo aphansi ayafinyela bese epompa lelo gazi emzimbeni wonke. Yilokhu esikuzwayo njengokushaya kwenhliziyo yethu.
Kodwa kwenzeka into ehlukile kumuntu one-AFIB. Esikhundleni sesignali kagesi ehlelekile evela endaweni eyodwa iya emakamelweni aphezulu enhliziyo (i-atria), izimpawu eziningi zikagesi ezixakile nezisheshayo ziqala ukuvela ezindaweni eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Cabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani uma, esikhundleni somqhubi oyedwa eqenjini le-orchestra, abaqhubi abayishumi bebeqhuba umculo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Abaculi bebengeke bazi ukuthi balalele bani noma ukuthi badlale siphi isigqi. Wonke umculo ubungaba yisiphithiphithi, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzeka emakamelweni aphezulu enhliziyo ku-AFIB.
Ngenxa yalezi zimpawu eziphazamisayo, i-atria iqala ukuthuthumela esikhundleni sokufinyela kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, ayikwazi ukupompa igazi ngendlela efanele emakamelweni aphansi. Amakamelo aphansi (amaseli) asabela kulezi zimpawu eziphazamisayo ezivela emakamelweni aphezulu nawo aqala ukushaya ngendlela engajwayelekile futhi ngokushesha. Sizwa ukushaya kwala makamelo aphansi njengokushaya kwenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke kuba ngokungajwayelekile futhi ngokushesha.
Yiziphi izimpawu zomuntu one-AFIB?
Akuwona wonke umuntu one-AFIB ongaba nezimpawu, kodwa abantu abaningi bazobhekana nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
| Isibonakaliso | Kuzwakala kanjani? (Kuzwakala kanjani) |
|---|---|
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile) | Ukuzizwa sengathi uvemvane lundiza esifubeni sakho, njengenhlanzi elwa, noma sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha ngokuzumayo. |
| Ukukhathala Okukhulu | Ukukhathala ngokweqile kanye nokukhathala ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Isiyezi / Ukungabi nakhanda elibanzi | Ukuzizwa unesiyezi, unekhanda elibuhlungu. |
| Ukuquleka / Ukungakwazi ukunyakaza | Ngokungazelelwe walahlekelwa ingqondo wawa. |
| Ukuphelelwa umoya / Ukuphelelwa umoya | Ubuhlungu buzwakala ngisho noma uhamba kancane noma wenza umsebenzi ojwayelekile. |
| Ubuhlungu Besifuba / I-Angina | Ukuzwa ukuqina, ukucindezeleka, noma ubuhlungu esifubeni. |
Ingabe i-AFIB iyisimo okufanele sesatshwe?
Yebo. I-AFib yisimo esibucayi okufanele ukhathazeke ngaso nakanjani. Sibi kakhulu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unezimpawu noma cha. Ngoba lapho isigqi senhliziyo siphazamiseka, igazi lingahlangana ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi e-atria, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakheke amahlule egazi.
Uma ihlule legazi liqhuma bese libhajwa emthanjeni wegazi oya ebuchosheni, lingabangela isifo sohlangothi . Lingenza inhliziyo ibe buthaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela ezimweni ezifana nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo . Ngakho-ke uma unezimpawu ze-AFIB, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha!
Uma lokhu okulandelayo kwenzeka kuwe, ungalibali. Shayela i-1990 Ambulance Service ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze:
* Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni .
* Uma kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumula .
* Uma ulahlekelwa ingqondo noma uzizwa sengathi ulahlekelwa ingqondo.
Yiziphi izimbangela kanye nezici eziyingozi ze-AFIB?
Ayikho imbangela eyodwa ye-AFIB. Izimbangela eziningana kanye nezici eziyingozi zingaba nomthelela kuyo.
Izizathu eziyinhloko
- Ezinye izimo zenhliziyo: Uma usuvele uhlaselwe yinhliziyo, isifo se-valve yenhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, noma isifo semithambo yenhliziyo, ingozi yakho ye-AFIB iphakeme.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha: Izimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, isifo sikashukela, i-hyperthyroidism, isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona, kanye ne-obstructive sleep apnea kungaholela ku-AFIB.
- Izici zofuzo: I-AFab ivame ukusebenza emindenini, okusho ukuthi kukhona ithonya lofuzo (`izinhlobo zofuzo`).
- Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo: Abanye abantu bangaba ne-AFIB ngisho nangemva kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo ngesinye isizathu.
Ezinye izinto ezandisa ingozi
- Ukuguga: Ingozi yokuthola i-AFIB iyanda kancane kancane ngemva kweminyaka engu-65.
- Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile: Ukuphuza utshwala obungaphezu kobunconywayo, ikakhulukazi ukuphuza ngokweqile, kwandisa kakhulu ingozi ye-AFIB.
- Ukuntuleka kokuvivinya umzimba: Ukungawuvivinyi umzimba ngokwanele nsuku zonke nakho kuyisici esiyingozi.
- Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile: Ungamangali, noma yini eningi ayilungile, futhi ngisho namahora amaningi okuzivocavoca okunzima ngosuku iminyaka eminingi angandisa ingozi ye-AFIB kwabanye abantu.
Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-AFIB ngokunembile?
Uma uya kudokotela, bazobuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi bakuhlole. Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko kokuqinisekisa i-AFIB yi- ECG (i-Electrocardiogram) .
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-ECG (EKG): Lokhu ukuqoshwa komsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yakho. Udokotela angabona ukuthi isigqi senhliziyo yakho asijwayelekile noma ukuthi une-AFIB.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angase ancome ezinye izivivinyo eziningana.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izinto ezifana namazinga e-thyroid hormone kanye nokusebenza kwezinso.
- I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Lokhu kufana nokuskena kwenhliziyo. Kusiza ukuqonda kangcono ubukhulu bamakamelo enhliziyo, umsebenzi wama-valve, kanye nekhono lokushaya kwenhliziyo.
- I-Holter Monitor: Ngezinye izikhathi i-AFIB ayihlali ikhona. Iyafika futhi ihambe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, idivayisi encane enamathiselwe emzimbeni wakho amahora angama-24 noma angama-48 iqopha njalo i-ECG yakho. Lokhu kuqapha isigqi senhliziyo yakho ngenkathi wenza imisebenzi yakho yasekhaya evamile.
Yiziphi izigaba ze-AFIB?
I-AFib yisimo esingaba sibi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho odokotela basihlukanise ngezigaba eziningana.
Isigaba 1: Isengozini ye-AFIB
Laba bantu abanayo i-AFIB, kodwa banezici eziyingozi njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela kanye nokukhuluphala ngokweqile.
Isigaba 2: I-Pre-AFib
Laba bantu abakabi nayo i-AFIB okwamanje. Kodwa ukuhlolwa kwe-ECG noma kwe-Echo kubonisa izinguquko ezincane enhliziyweni. Lokhu kubonisa ingozi ephezulu yokuthola i-AFIB.
Isigaba 3: Isimo se-AFib (i-AFib)
Ngesikhathi i-ECG iqinisekisa i-AFIB. Lokhu kuhlukaniswe ngezingxenye eziningana.
- I-Paroxysmal AFib: I-AFib iyenzeka futhi ivame ukuxazululeka yodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ngokuvamile zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7 (ngokuvamile zingakapheli amahora angama-24-48).
- I-AFib Eqhubekayo: I-AFib ihlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kweziyi-7 futhi idinga ukwelashwa ukuze imiswe.
- I-AFib ehlala isikhathi eside: I-AFib ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.
- Ukususwa kwe-AFIB okuphumelelayo: I-AFIB ilawulwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma olunye ukwelashwa.
Isigaba 4: I-AFib Ehlala Njalo
Kuleli qophelo, isiguli nodokotela banquma ndawonye ukuthi ngeke bazame ukuguqula isimo se-AFib. Ukugxila ekulawuleni izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-AFIB?
Kunezinhloso ezintathu eziyinhloko zokwelashwa kwe-AFIB:
1. Ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
2. Ukubuyisela isigqi senhliziyo.
3. Ukuvimbela izinkinga ezifana nesifo sohlangothi.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha lokhu.
1. Izinguquko Zendlela Yokuphila
Lesi yisisekelo.
- Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo: Uma ukhuluphele kakhulu, kubalulekile ukwehlisa isisindo.
- Nciphisa utshwala futhi ugweme ukubhema: Lokhu kwandisa ingozi kanye nezimpawu ze-AFIB.
- Ukuzivocavoca njalo: Zivocavoce ngendlela efanele wena, njengoba udokotela wakho ekweluleke.
- Ukulawula izifo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo sikashukela: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula lezi zifo ngendlela efanele.
2. Imithi
Udokotela angase akunike izinhlobo eziningana zemithi kuye ngesimo sakho.
- Imithi elawula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo:Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo (isib. `Metoprolol`, `Diltiazem`).
- Imithi elawula isigqi senhliziyo: Lokhu kusiza ukubuyisela isigqi esingajwayelekile kwisigqi esijwayelekile (`isigqi se-sinus`) (isb. `Amiodarone`).
- Ama-Anticoagulant / Ama-Blood Thinners: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu . Le mithi inqunyelwe ukunciphisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi. I-'Warfarin' iyisidakamizwa esidala. Imithi emisha ('DOACs') efana ne-'Apixaban' kanye ne-'Rivaroxaban' nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi manje. Ungalokothi uyeke le mithi noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
3. Ukwelashwa kokukhipha isisu (ukususa isisu kwe-AFIB)
Uma i-AFIB kunzima ukuyilawula ngemithi, udokotela wakho angase asikisele lokhu kwelashwa.
- Ukususwa kwe-Catheter: Kulokhu, kufakwa ipayipi elincane (i-catheter) ngomthambo wegazi esinqeni liye enhliziyweni ukuze kutholakale izindawo enhliziyweni ezithumela izimpawu zikagesi ezingajwayelekile ezibangela i-AFIB bese zivala ngokusebenzisa ukushisa noma ukubanda okukhulu.
- Inqubo ye-Maze: Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile. Kwenziwa ukusikwa okuncane e-atria yenhliziyo ukuze kudalwe iphethini elivimba izimpawu zikagesi ezingavamile ukuthi zingahambi.
4. Ezinye Izinqubo
- Ukuguqulwa kwenhliziyo: Inqubo ebuyisela ngokushesha isigqi senhliziyo, kungaba ngesimo esiphuthumayo noma ngendlela ehleliwe, ngokuletha ukushaqeka kukagesi esifubeni noma ngokunikeza imithi.
- Ukuvalwa kwe-Left Atrial Appendage (LAA): Kufakwa idivayisi encane ukuvala ingxenye encane yenhliziyo efana nesikhwama lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi kwakheke amahlule egazi. Lokhu kungafaneleka kubantu abangakwazi ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi.
Ungaphila kanjani ne-AFIB? Ingabe ingelapheka ngokuphelele?
Ukwelashwa kungavimba i-AFIB ukuthi ingenzeki noma kubuyisele isigqi sayo. Kodwa i-AFIB iyisimo esihlala isikhathi eside esingelapheki . Ngisho noma izimpawu ziphela ngemva kokwelashwa, zingabuya. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlala uxhumana nodokotela wakho, uthole ukuhlolwa njalo, futhi uphuze imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe.
Uma kukhulunywa ngobude besikhathi sokuphila somuntu one-AFIB, kuyiqiniso ukuthi ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi abantu abane-AFIB bangase babe nobude besikhathi sokuphila obufushane kancane kunomphakathi jikelele. Kodwa lokho kumane kuyizibalo. Uma usebenza nodokotela wakho, wenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila, uthatha imithi yakho ngendlela efanele, futhi uphatha lesi simo kahle, nawe ungaphila impilo ende nenempilo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) yisimo esibi lapho inhliziyo ishaya khona ngokungajwayelekile. Ungakushayi indiva njengento nje.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ukukhathala okukhulu, noma isiyezi, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi kuyinto ephuthumayo. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
- Ingozi enkulu ye-AFIB isifo sohlangothi. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, sebenzisa imithi ebhalwe ngendlela echazwe ngayo.
- Ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila, imithi, kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha uma kudingeka, i-AFIB ingaphathwa kahle futhi ungaphila impilo evamile.
- Udokotela wakho uyazi kangcono isimo sakho. Hlala uthintana naye futhi ulandele iseluleko sakhe.
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