Ubungazizwa kanjani uma udokotela ekutshela ukuthi, "Unesimila emaphashini akho?" Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ushaqekile uma uzwa lelo gama. Uma sizwa igama elithi "isimila," izingqondo zethu zivele zigxumele esimweni esesabekayo somdlavuza. Kodwa kukhona okubalulekile okufanele sikutshele kona. Akuwona wonke amathumba angumdlavuza. Amanye amathumba angaba yingozi futhi angabi nomdlavuza (angabi yingozi). Ngakho-ke namuhla sikhuluma ngamathumba angewona umdlavuza emaphashini okungadingeki ukhathazeke ngawo.
Iyini ngempela 'isimila'?
Kalula nje, isimila siyiqoqo lezicubu ezingavamile ezakheka lapho amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu ehlangana. Ngokuvamile, amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu ayahlukana, akhule, futhi ekugcineni afe. Lena inqubo elawulwa kakhulu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi le nqubo iyaphambuka. Amangqamuzana aqala ukuhlukana ngokushesha kakhulu, noma amangqamuzana okufanele afe ahlangane esikhundleni sokufa. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi isimila. Lawa mathumba angakheka emaphashini noma emigwaqweni yomoya ethwala umoya uye emaphashini.
La mantongomane angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Amathumba Amabi: Lawa yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umdlavuza . Akhula ngokushesha, ahlasele izicubu ezizungezile, futhi angasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
2. Ama-Tumors Angewona Awesifo Somdlavuza: Lawa awasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Manje, uma udokotela wakho ethi, "Isimila emaphashini akho sibonakala singesibi ," kusho ukuthini lokho ngempela? Ake sibheke kabanzi.
| Izici zezimila ezingezona umdlavuza (ezingenabungozi) | Izimpawu zezimila ezinobungozi |
|---|---|
| Lezi azinawo umdlavuza, ngakho azisabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. | Lezi umdlavuza ongasakazeka (ukwanda kwe-metastasize) uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. |
| UkukhulaKancane kakhulu. Mhlawumbe ukukhula kuyama noma kunciphe. | Ngokuvamile ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu . |
| Ngokuvamile akusongeli impilo . | Uma ingelashwa kahle, ingaba yingozi empilweni . |
| Ezimweni eziningi, ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa akudingeki . | Ngokuvamile, kufanele isuswe noma kudingeke kudingeke kutholakale ezinye izindlela zokwelapha . |
| Nakuba kubangela ingcindezi ezicutshini ezizungezile, azizihlaseli noma azibhubhise . | Ihlasela futhi ibhubhise izicubu eziphilile ezizungezile. |
Ingabe kukhona izimila ezingezona ezomdlavuza ezakheka emaphashini?
Yebo, impela. Zihlukaniswa ngobukhulu. Ngokuvamile, izimila ezinkulu kunamasentimitha angu-3 (cishe amasentimitha angu-1.2) zibizwa ngokuthi "izinqwaba", kanti izimila ezincane kunamasentimitha angu-3 zibizwa ngokuthi " izimila ezincane ". Lezi zimila ezincane ezakha emaphashini zibizwa nangokuthi "izimila ezincane zamaphaphu".
Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezimila ezingezona umdlavuza.
Ama-Hamartoma
Lezi yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokukhula okungenawo umdlavuza ezitholakala emaphashini. Zakhiwe izicubu ezivamile njenge- cartilage , amafutha , kanye nemisipha . Kodwa izicubu zihlanganiswa ngendlela engavamile. Ku -X-ray, zingabukeka njengohlamvu lwemali oluyindilinga. Ngezinye izikhathi zingabukeka njenge-popcorn. Ngokuvamile azilimazi izicubu ezizungezile.
I-adenoma ye-bronchial
Lezi ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zesimila esingesona umdlavuza. Zikhula kakhulu emigudwini yethu yomoya (i-bronchi) kanye nezindlala ze-mucous.
Ama-papillomas
Lezi azivamile. Zikhula ngaphakathi kwemigudu yomoya bese ziphuma ngaphandle. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-papillomas:
- Ama-papillomas ama-squamous:Lokhu kungabangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane elibizwa ngokuthi "i-Human Papillomavirus - HPV". Leli gciwane le-HPV liyigciwane elifanayo elibangela izinhlungu kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Lezi zinhlobo zokukhula ngezinye izikhathi zinethuba elincane lokuba nomdlavuza.
- Ama-papilloma e-Glandular: Lawa awavamile kakhulu kunama-papilloma a-squamous. Imbangela eqondile yokwenzeka kwawo ayikatholakali.
- Ama-papilloma ahlanganisiwe e-squamous kanye ne-glandular: Lawa aqukethe izicubu ezivela kuzo zombili izinhlobo ezishiwo ngenhla. Lawa futhi angavamile ukuba nomdlavuza.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi, noma kuthiwa "kungaphenduka umdlavuza," akuvamile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukuhlolwa njengoba udokotela esho.
Zivame kangakanani lezi zithelo?
Lezi zinhlayiya ezincane emaphashini (amaqhubu e-pulmonary) empeleni zivame kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga. Zitholakala cishe ku-X-ray eyodwa kwezingu-500 zesifuba. Futhi, ama-80%-90% e-CT scans (ama-Computed Tomography scans) abonisa lezi zinhlayiya ezincane.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngaphezu kuka-60% walezi zimila ezibonakala kuma-X-ray kanye no -99% walezo ezibonakala kuma-CT scan azinawo umdlavuza (azinabungozi). Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-50 futhi ubhema, unamathuba amancane okuzibona ku-CT scan.
Ziyini izimpawu zezimila zamaphaphu ezingezona ezomdlavuza?
Into emangazayo lapha ukuthi abantu abaningi abanazo izimpawu . Amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-90 alawa mathumba atholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi se-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan ukuze kutholakale esinye isimo.
Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukukhwehlela okuncane okuhlala isikhathi eside.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya).
- Noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu esifubeni.
- Ukuphefumula kuwumsindo wokukhala kwekhwela lapho uphefumula.
- Umsindo ozwakala sengathi uketshezi oluphuma emaphashini.
- Ukukhwehlela igazi (i-hemoptysis).
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungazinaki. Qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho.
Yini ebangela izimila ezinje?
Kungaba nezimbangela eziningana zezimila zamaphaphu ezingezona ezomdlavuza.
- Ama-granuloma: Lawa amaqhubu amancane amangqamuzana okuvuvukala abangelwa ukutheleleka. Angabangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, njengesifo sofuba (TB), noma ukutheleleka ngefungus.
- Ithumba lamaphaphu: Ukutheleleka okugcwele ubomvu ngaphakathi emaphashini.
- Ukuvuvukala:Lezi zimila zingakhula ngenxa yezimo zokuvuvukala ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-sarcoidosis.
- Ukutheleleka: Izimila zamaphaphu zingabangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokutheleleka.
- Izimo zokuzalwa: Izimo ezithile ezikhona lapho kuzalwa, isibonelo, isikhwama esigcwele uketshezi emaphashini (i-lung cyst).
Kwezinye izimo, imbangela ethile ingase ingatholakali.
Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi lesi simila asisona umdlavuza?
Odokotela basebenzisa izici eziningana ukuze banqume ukuthi iqhubu liwumdlavuza noma cha.
Ngokuvamile, i-CT scan inganquma ukuthi isimila asisona umdlavuza ngokusekelwe ekubukekeni kwaso. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona ukungabaza, udokotela angase asikisele i-bronchoscopy. Lokhu kuhilela ukudlulisa ithubhu elincane, elifakwe ikhamera phansi emphinjeni liye emaphashini ukuze kuhlolwe isimila. Isampula yezicubu nayo ingathathwa ukuze ihlolwe (i-biopsy). Uzonikezwa i-anesthesia ngaphambi kwalokhu kuhlolwa, ngakho ngeke uzizwe ungakhululekile.
| Isici esivivinywayo | Umehluko phakathi kwezimila ezingenabungozi nezimbi |
|---|---|
| Usayizi wesimila | Uma isimila sisincane, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi asisona umdlavuza. Izimila ezingezona umdlavuza zikhula kancane kakhulu noma zingakhuli nhlobo. Izimila zomdlavuza zingaphindeka kabili ngobukhulu ezinyangeni ezine nje kuphela. |
| Okuqukethwe kanye nesimo se-Nut | Izimila ezingezona umdlavuza zingase zibe ne-calcium (ebonakala imhlophe ku-CT scan). Izimila eziwumdlavuza ngokuvamile azinawo i-calcium. Futhi, izimila ezingezona umdlavuza zivame ukuba bushelelezi futhi zibe yindilinga, kuyilapho izimila eziwumdlavuza zivame ukuba nemiphetho engajwayelekile neqinile. |
Ilashwa kanjani? Ingabe isimila kufanele sisuswe?
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izimila eziningi zamaphaphu ezingezona ezomdlavuza azidingi ukwelashwa.Odokotela bavame ukuncoma indlela "yokubuka nokulinda". Lokhu kusho ukuthola ama-X-ray noma ama-CT scan njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa noma eminyakeni embalwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi isimila siyashintsha yini ngobukhulu noma ngesimo.
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezilandelayo, udokotela angase ancome ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila noma i-biopsy:
- Uma ubhema noma usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula.
- Uma ukuhlolwa kwembula ukusola ukuthi kungaba umdlavuza.
- Uma isimila siqhubeka nokukhula.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Ngesikhathi ubheka isimila, noma ngokuvamile, uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezilandelayo, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Uma uqala ukukhwehlela okusha, uma ukukhwehlela kwakho okukhona kuba kubi kakhulu, noma uma ukhwehlela igazi.
- Uma kuvela izimpawu ezintsha ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya, umkhuhlane, ukubanda, noma ubuhlungu besifuba.
- Uma ulahlekelwa ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-5 (amakhilogremu ayi-10) esisindo somzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho
Kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi uma uthola ngesimo esinjengalesi. Ungesabi noma ungabaze ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo.
- Wazi kanjani ukuthi nginesimila emaphashini ami?
- Ungabona kanjani ukuthi lesi simila asisona umdlavuza?
- Uhlobo luni lwesimila esingesona umdlavuza enginaso?
- Ingabe ngidinga ukwenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe?
- Ingabe ngidinga ukwelashwa?
- Kukangaki ngidinga ukuza ukuzolandelelwa?
- Ingabe ngidinga ukubona udokotela wamaphaphu?
Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma uzwa ukuthi "unendawo ephashini lakho." Kuvamile futhi ukukhathazeka ngakho. Kodwa khumbula, iningi lamaqhubu amancane awawona umdlavuza. Ngisho noma ewona amabi kakhulu, okusho ukuthi umdlavuza, avame ukuba sezigabeni zokuqala. Ngakho amathuba okwelashwa okuphelele aphezulu ngokwelashwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ungesabi uma uzwa igama elithi "isimila." Iningi lezimila emaphashini alinangozi futhi alinangozi.
- Eziningi zalezi zimila ezingezona umdlavuza azibangeli zimpawu. Zivame ukutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile.
- Udokotela wakho uvame ukuqapha isimila ngoku-oda ama-CT scan noma ama-X-ray ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Ungaphuthelwa yinoma yiziphi izikhathi zokulandelela nodokotela wakho. Zibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho.
- Uma ubhema, ukuyeka ukubhema kuyinto engcono kakhulu ongayenza emaphashini akho.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ukukhwehlela igazi, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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