Uma sizwa igama elithi "umdlavuza," abaningi bethu bagcwala ukwesaba. Phakathi kwabo, uma sizwa igama elithi umdlavuza webele, abesifazane bethu bakhathazeka kakhulu. Kodwa ukwesaba akusona ikhambi elingcono kakhulu. Kunalokho, ukuqonda nokuqaphela lokhu kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngomdlavuza webele ngendlela elula kakhulu nenobungane.
Ingabe umdlavuza webele uyafana kuwo wonke umuntu? Noma ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene?
Cha. Empeleni, akuwona wonke umuntu othola umdlavuza webele ngendlela efanayo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene, noma izinhlobo ezincane, zomdlavuza webele. Odokotela bahlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ngokusekelwe ekutheni zinamaprotheni athile (ama-receptor) asiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukukhula noma cha. Kalula nje, amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza afana nezingane ezincane ezilambile. Adinga izinto ezifana nama-hormone emizimbeni yethu njengokudla ukuze akhule.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-receptor:
1. Ama-hormone receptors (HR): Lawa ama-hormone abesifazane i-estrogen ne -progesterone . Uma la ma-receptor ekhona kumaseli omdlavuza, la ma-hormone asiza umdlavuza ukuthi ukhule.
2. I-HER2 receptor: Lena enye iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi `(Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2).` Uma lokhu kutholakala kakhulu kumaseli omdlavuza, umdlavuza ungakhula ngokushesha.
Umdlavuza uhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana ngokusekelwe ekutheni unazo yini lezi zitho zokwamukela noma cha. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lomdlavuza | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| HR+/HER2- (Luminal A) | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lunama-hormone receptors (HR), kodwa alunayo i-HER2 receptor. Lusabela kahle ekwelashweni kwama-hormone, ngakho-ke izinga lokuphulukiswa liphezulu kakhulu. |
| I-HR+/HER2+ (i-Luminal B) | Inama-receptor ama-hormone kanye nama-receptor e-HER2. Lolu hlobo lungakhula ngokushesha. |
| HR-/HER2+ | Ayinawo ama-hormone receptors, kodwa inawo ama-HER2 receptor. Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe ku-HER2 kusebenza kahle kakhulu kulokhu. |
| I-Triple-Negative (TNBC) | Lolu uhlobo olunolaka kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi alunazo zonke izitho ezintathu zokwamukela i-estrogen, i-progesterone, kanye ne-HER2, alunakwelashwa ngokwelashwa ngama-hormone noma ngokwelashwa okuqondiswe ku-HER2. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko. Lolu hlobo luvame ukubonakala kwabesifazane abasebasha. |
Izakhi zofuzo ziwuthinta kanjani umdlavuza?
Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi, "Akekho esizukulwaneni sami owayenakho, ngakho-ke ayikho indlela engingakuthuthukisa ngayo." Kodwa lokho akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nethonya lezakhi zofuzo elivela esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye.
Kunezakhi zofuzo ezikhethekile emzimbeni wethu ezilawula indlela amangqamuzana ahlukana ngayo. Uma kukhona ukuguquka kwalezi zakhi zofuzo, amangqamuzana angaqala ukuhlukana ngokungalawuleki futhi abe nomdlavuza. Izakhi zofuzo ezaziwa kakhulu ezixhunyaniswe nomdlavuza webele yi -BRCA1 kanye ne-BRCA2 . Owesifazane onokuguquka kwalezi zakhi zofuzo usengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele (kanye nomdlavuza wesibeletho) kunezinye.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi noma yimuphi owesifazane angaba nomdlavuza webele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi une-BRCA mutation noma cha. Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nomdlavuza webele esemncane, kuwukuhlakanipha ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kufanele yini ahlolwe izakhi zofuzo noma cha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa ucwaningo kwezinye izakhi zofuzo eziningana, njenge-'TP53' kanye ne-'PALB2'. Njengoba isayensi ithuthuka, sizokwazi ukuthola izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu zalezi zakhi zofuzo.
Ingabe indlela yethu yokuphila iyayithinta ingozi?
Yebo, impela. Akuzona izakhi zofuzo kuphela, kodwa nendlela yethu yokuphila nayo inomthelela omkhulu engcupheni yomdlavuza webele. Ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ingozi yomdlavuza iyanda uma samukela indlela yokuphila yamazwe athuthukile. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Lapho amafutha omzimba enyuka, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, amazinga e-estrogen ayanda. Lokhu kuyisici esiyingozi somdlavuza we-HR+.
- Ukudla okungenampilo: Ukudla ukudla okuneziningi zokudla okucutshunguliwe, inyama ebomvu, ushukela namafutha kwandisa ingozi. Ukudla okunemifino eminingi, izithelo, ubhontshisi kanye nokolweni opheleleKusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza .
- Ukuntuleka kokuzilolonga: Abantu abaphila impilo yokuhlala phansi basengozini enkulu kunalabo abaphila impilo esebenzayo.
- Ukungancelisi: Kunobufakazi obucacile bokuthi ukuncelisa kunciphisa ingozi kamama yomdlavuza webele.
- Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Ukuphuza utshwala nakho kuyisici esiyinhloko esanda ingozi yomdlavuza webele .
Kungani ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kuyisici esisindisa impilo?
Umyalezo obaluleke kakhulu kulesi sihloko ungaba yilo: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umdlavuza webele unzima kangakanani, ungelapheka cishe ngokuphelele uma utholakala kusenesikhathi . Kuphela uma sekwephuzile lapho isimo siba sibi khona.
Cabanga nje, uma umdlavuza utholakala esiteji sokuqala, uma uvalelwe ebeleni (esigabeni sendawo), izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu lingaphezu kuka-95% . Lokho kusho ukuthi abantu abangu-95 kwabayi-100 bazosinda kahle.
Kodwa-ke, uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node aseduze (isigaba sesifunda), leli phesenti lingaba ngu-85%. Ngeshwa, uma umdlavuza utholakala ngemuva kokuba ususakazekele ezithweni ezikude njengesibindi, amaphaphu, kanye nobuchopho (isigaba esikude), leli phesenti lehla liye phansi lifike ku-30%.
Uyawuqonda umehluko? Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kungasho umehluko phakathi kokululama nokufa.
Pho kungani silibazisa? Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yokwesaba, amahloni, sicabanga ukuthi, "Kuyisigaxa esincane nje, sizolulama ngokwaso," noma ngenxa yokungazi, silibazisa ukubona udokotela. Lelo yiphutha elikhulu esilenzayo.
Yini okufanele uyenze?
- Ukuhlolwa Kwebele Lakho: Hlola amabele akho okungenani kanye ngenyanga. Naka ngokushesha uma ubona iqhubu, ushintsho lwesikhumba, ushintsho esimweni, noma ukuphuma kwesisu engonweni.
- Bona udokotela wakho: Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 futhi ungenazo izimpawu, khuluma nodokotela wakho bese uthola i-mammogram uma kudingeka. I-mammogram ingathola ngisho nezigaxa ezincane esingazizwa.
- Ungesabi: Ungesabi futhi ucashe uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko. Akuzona zonke izigaxa ebeleni ezibangela umdlavuza. Kodwa udokotela kufanele anqume ukuthi zibangelwa umdlavuza noma cha. Ngakho-ke uma unokungabaza okuncane, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Izinketho zokwelapha sezithuthuke kakhulu manje. Kunezinketho eziningi, njengokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy, i-hormone therapy, kanye ne-target therapy. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungalibazisi ukwelashwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umdlavuza webele akuyona into okufanele uyesabe futhi uyicashele, kodwa into okufanele uyiqaphele futhi ubhekane nayo.
- Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu.
- Ngisho noma kukhona ithonya lezakhi zofuzo, indlela yethu yokuphila (ukudla, ukuzivocavoca) inganciphisa ingozi.
- Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sokusindisa izimpilo. Uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, amathuba okululama aphezulu kakhulu.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko emabeleni akho (isigaxa, ushintsho esikhumbeni), ungesabi futhi ungalibali, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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