Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile kancane uma uthola ukuthi othile emndenini wakho, mhlawumbe umama wakho, udadewenu, noma indodakazi yakho, unomdlavuza webele. "Uma bebenawo, nami ngizowuthola?" Ungase uzibuze. Ingabe kukhona ngempela ukuxhumana phakathi komdlavuza webele nezakhi zofuzo zethu? Yebo, kukhona ukuxhumana ngezinga elithile. Kodwa akulula njengoba sicabanga. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe nanamuhla.
Okokuqala, ake siqonde ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthi 'i-gene'.
Kulungile, lokhu kulula kakhulu. Cabanga ukuthi umzimba wethu uyisakhiwo esikhulu. Iseli ngalinye kulesi sakhiwo lifana nesitini. Ngakho ngasinye salezi zitini sinencwadi enkulu yemiyalelo ebhalwe ngendlela yokuziphatha nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze. Leyo ncwadi yemiyalelo yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi izakhi zofuzo . Lezi yizingcezu ezincane ezenziwe ngento ebizwa ngokuthi i-DNA.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20,000 zalezi zakhi zofuzo kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu. Sithola amakhophi amabili alezi zakhi zofuzo, elilodwa elivela kumama wethu nelinye elivela kubaba wethu. Ngakho-ke lezi zakhi zofuzo azilawuli nje kuphela izinto ezifana nombala wesikhumba sethu kanye nokuthungwa kwezinwele, kodwa futhi nendlela amangqamuzana ethu akhula futhi asebenze ngayo.
Ngezinye izikhathi, izinguquko ezincane namaphutha angenzeka kulezi zakhi zofuzo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo . Cabanga, kwenzekani uma uhlamvu olulodwa ekhasini elilodwa laleyo ncwadi yemiyalelo lungalungile? Yonke imiyalelo iyashintsha, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzekayo lapho ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwenzeka. Kungashintsha ukusebenza okuvamile kwamaseli.
Yiziphi izakhi zofuzo eziyinhloko ezihlotshaniswa nomdlavuza webele?
Nakuba kunezakhi zofuzo eziningana ezihlotshaniswa nomdlavuza webele, ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi okukhulunywa ngazo yizakhi zofuzo i -BRCA1 ne -BRCA2 .
Ngokuvamile, la ma-gene amabili e-BRCA abaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Umsebenzi wawo ukuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ungaveli. Afana nabaqaphi bamaseli ethu. Lapho amaseli ezama ukukhula ngokungalawuleki, amaprotheni enziwe yila ma-gene ayaphuma futhi awumise.
Kodwa-ke, uma udla ifa le-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2 eliguquliwe kumama noma kuyise, umphumela wokuvikela uyancishiswa. Lokhu kwandisa amathuba okuba lawo maseli angajwayelekile akhule angalawuleki futhi abe nomdlavuza, noma ingozi. Cishe u-20% kuya ku-25% womdlavuza webele ozuzwe njengefa ubangelwa izinguquko kulezi zakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA .
Amaqiniso aphakamisa ukungabaza ngokuthi lokhu kuyingozi yini ngokwezakhi zofuzo
Akuwona wonke umuntu onomdlavuza webele onalesi simo sofuzo. Kodwa kunezinto ezithile ezingakunika umbono omncane. Uma noma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo kusebenza kuwe, ungase ube noshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo oluhlobene nomdlavuza webele. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
| Isici Sengozi | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza webele ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-45 . | Ukuvela komdlavuza esemncane kungaba yinkomba yethonya lezakhi zofuzo. |
| Amalungu omndeni amaningana aseke aba nomdlavuza webele noma wesibeletho. | Uma abantu abaningana, njengonyoko, udadewenu, u-anti, ugogo, babenalezi zifo. |
| Utholakale ukuthi unomdlavuza wesibeletho . | Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA kwandisa nengozi yomdlavuza wesibeletho. |
| Ilungu lomndeni wesilisa linomdlavuza webele noma selike laba nawo. | Ngenxa yokuthi umdlavuza webele awuvamile kwabesilisa, uwuphawu oluqinile lokuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo. |
| Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza emabeleni womabili (Umdlavuza Webele Wezinhlangothi Zombili). | Umdlavuza uvela kwelinye ibele, bese kuba umdlavuza oqala kwelinye ibele. |
| Ukuthola Umdlavuza Webele Onemiphumela Emithathu Engalungile Ngaphambi Kokuba Uneminyaka Engu-60. | Lolu uhlobo olukhethekile nolunolaka lomdlavuza webele oluhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuguqulwa kwe-BRCA1. |
Lezi zakhi zofuzo zivela kanjani ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane?
Cabanga nje ukube umama noma ubaba wakho bebenalesi sakhi sofuzo se-BRCA esiguqukile. Khona-ke unethuba elingu-50% lokusithola. Njengokuphonsa uhlamvu lwemali, kunethuba elingu-50% lokuthola amakhanda noma imisila. Uma uthola leso sakhi sofuzo, nezingane zakho zinethuba elingu-50% lokusithola.
Kodwa into ebalulekile lapha ukuthi ukuba nalesi sakhi sofuzo esiguquliwe emzimbeni akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu uzoba nomdlavuza . Kumane kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza.
Yiziphi izingozi ezihlobene nalezi zinguquko zofuzo?
Owesifazane ozuza ifa le-BRCA1 eliguquliwe usengozini engu-55% kuya ku-65% yokuba nomdlavuza webele eneminyaka engu-70. Kumuntu one-BRCA2 gene eguquliwe, le ngozi icishe ibe ngu-45%.
Ngaphezu kwale ngozi, kunezinye izici eziningana:
- Umdlavuza usemncane: Ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza ngokuvamile iphakeme ngaphambi kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini .
- Umdlavuza wesibili: Umuntu onokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA unengozi enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesibili webele (umdlavuza omusha ohlukile) ngemva kokuba umdlavuza osebeleni elilodwa usuphulukisiwe.
- Ezinye izingozi zomdlavuza: Lokhu kuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kwandisa kakhulu ingozi hhayi nje yomdlavuza webele, kodwa nomdlavuza wesibeletho ikakhulukazi. Kwabesilisa, kungase kwandise nengozi yomdlavuza wendlala yesibeletho kanye nomdlavuza we-pancreatic.
Ubani owenza ukuhlolwa kofuzo?
Manje sekukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izinguquko ezakhiweni zalezi zakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2. Kodwa lokhu akulona ukuhlolwa kwawo wonke umuntu.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kofuzo kuvame ukunconywa kuphela kulabo abanezici eziyingozi esixoxe ngazo ngenhla, njengomlando womndeni oqinile. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza futhi ekunqumeni ingozi yomdlavuza wesibili noma umdlavuza wesibeletho kowesifazane osevele enomdlavuza webele.
Kufanele unqume ukuthi uzolwenza yini lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa ngemva kokuxoxa nodokotela wakho ngokugcwele.Uzokunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe emlandweni womndeni wakho, iminyaka yakho, nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Ungaxoxa nodokotela wakho ngalokho okufanele ukwenze ngokulandelayo ngemiphumela yalolu vivinyo (isb., ukuhlolwa njalo, ukuhlinzwa okunciphisa ingozi).
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Iphesenti elincane lomdlavuza webele libangelwa izici zofuzo. Ukuthi nje othile emndenini wakho unawo akusho ukuthi uzowuthola.
- I-BRCA1 kanye ne-BRCA2 yizakhi zofuzo ezisivikela emdlavuza. Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kulezi zakhi zofuzo kungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza.
- Ukuba nesakhi sofuzo esiguquliwe akusho ukuthi unethuba eliyi-100% lokuba nomdlavuza, kodwa kusho ukuthi ingozi yakho iyanda.
- Uma unokungabaza noma ukukhathazeka ngomlando womndeni wakho womdlavuza webele noma wesibeletho, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo akuyona into eyenziwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Isidingo sako sinqunywa udokotela ngemva kokubuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nowomndeni.
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