Ingabe nawe uphelelwa umoya? Ingabe isifuba sakho sizwakala siqinile? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu (ukuminyana kwe-Broncho)!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uthola kunzima ukuphefumula ngokuzumayo? Kuzwakala sengathi othile ucindezela isifuba sakho, sengathi usuzocinywa umoya? Ungase uzwe ngisho nomsindo wokuphefumula noma umsindo wokubhonga uvela esifubeni sakho. Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, ungase uzizwe sengathi kukhona okubambeke emphinjeni wakho kanye nokukhwehlela okuncane. Lesi simo yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla, okubizwa ngokuthi i-bronchoconstriction . Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale lingavamile, lokhu kuyinto engenzeka kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abanezimo ezifana ne-asthma. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula nje, kulungile?

Kuyini ukucinana kwe-broncho? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-bronchoconstriction ukuncipha okungazelelwe kwemigudu yomoya eyinhloko ( i-bronchi ) okuholela emaphashini ethu. Cabanga ngakho njengepayipi lamanzi elivaleka ngokuzumayo, okwenza kube nzima ngamanzi ukuthi ageleze. Kukhona ungqimba oluncane kakhulu lwemisipha ezungeze imigudu yethu yomoya. Lapho le misipha iqina ngokuzumayo, indlela yomoya iyancipha. Yilapho-ke siba nobunzima bokuphefumula futhi sizizwe sengathi isifuba sethu siyacindezelwa.

Lokhu kungabangelwa izinto eziningana. Isibonelo, uma une-allergy kokuthile, okungukuthi, uma uphefumula i- allergen , isibonelo, uma ubhekene nothuli oluningi, noma uma ubhekene nomoya obandayo ngokuzumayo, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nalapho uzivocavoca kanzima. Lokhu kungenzeka ikakhulukazi kubantu abane- asthma noma izifo zokuphefumula zesikhathi eside njenge -COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi babe ne-bronchoconstriction.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka kithi? Yiziphi izizathu zalokhu?

Njengoba sesikhulume ngakho ngaphambili, isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuqina kwemisipha ebucayi emigudwini yethu yomoya (siyibiza ngokuthi le misipha ebushelelezi, esingenakuyilawula ngendlela esiyifunayo, okungukuthi, esingenakuyenza isebenze ngokuthanda kwethu). Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuzumayo.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma kwenzeka i-allergy enkulu njenge- anaphylaxis, imigudu yomoya ingavaleka ngokuzumayo ngale ndlela. Leso isimo esiyingozi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imisipha kule migudu yomoya ivame ukusabela ezintweni ezithile. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini lezo zinto.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela lokhu?

Nazi ezinye izinto ezingabangela ukuthi indlela yakho yokuphefumula ivaleke:

• Ama-Allergen: Abanye abantu bangaba ne-allergy ku-pollen , i-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo , uthuli, ngisho nokudla okuthile. Cabanga nje, kwabanye abantu, lapho behlanza izincwadi ezindala, uthuli luqala ukuzola ngokuzumayo, akunjalo? Kunjalo.
• Ukuvivinya umzimba noma ukuzikhandla: Abanye abantu bangase baphelelwe umoya ngokuzumayo lapho begijima, bekhuphuka izitebhisi, noma bephakamisa izinsimbi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthiKubizwa ngokuthi ukuminyana kwemisipha okubangelwa ukuzivocavoca.
• Amakhemikhali: Isibonelo, umhwamuko we-chlorine emachibini okubhukuda, amakha anamandla, kanye namanye amakhemikhali okuhlanza indlu nawo angathinteka.
• Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa: Njengalapho usuka endaweni eshisayo kakhulu uye ekamelweni elibandayo eline-AC, noma lapho uphuma ngaphandle ngosuku olubandayo.
• Umoya obandayo nowomile: Lokhu futhi kuyimbangela yokuminyana kwemigudu yomoya.
• Ukubhema kanye nokubhema intuthu yomuntu obhemayo: Lokhu akumangazi. Ukubhema kuyingozi kakhulu ohlelweni lokuphefumula.
• Izifo zokuphefumula eziphezulu: Lesi simo singase senzeke lapho indlela yokuphefumula itheleleka ngezinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma umkhuhlane.
• Imithi ethile: Isibonelo, eminye imithi yokuvimbela umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye nemithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu efana ne-aspirin, ingathinta abanye abantu ngale ndlela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo zokuphefumula zesikhathi eside zingabangela ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya noma izinguquko ezihlala njalo ezindongeni zemigwaqweni yomoya (ukulungiswa kabusha komoya), okungabangela ukuthi imigwaqweni yomoya ibe mincane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungaholela ekumitheni okusheshayo okuvela ngisho nasezintweni ezincane kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Wazi kanjani ukuthi uqinisekile?

Uma une-bronchoconstriction, ungase ubhekane nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimpawu zingakhula kancane kancane.

• Ukuphefumula: Umsindo wokukhala noma ukubhonga lapho uphefumula . Kuzwakala sengathi umoya uvunguzwa ngepayipi elincane. Ungase uzizwele lokhu wena, noma udokotela angase akuzwe nge-stethoscope.
• Ukuphefumula kanzima: Kunzima ukuphefumula, kuzwakala sengathi uyacinana. Kuzwakala sengathi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphefumula kangakanani, akwanele. Ungase uzizwe sengathi uwe kakhulu uma ukhuphuka izitebhisi ezimbalwa noma ugijima kancane.
• Ukukhwehlela: Ungase ube nokukhwehlela okomile. Ungase futhi ukhwehlele sengathi kukhona okubambeke emphinjeni wakho, noma sengathi uyaphefumula. Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhwehlela kungaba kubi kakhulu ebusuku.
• Ukuqina kwesifuba: Isifuba singase sizwakale sisinda, njengokungathi othile usicindezela ngebhande, noma usicindezela ngaphakathi.

Esinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu singase sivele ngokuzumayo. Kwabanye abantu, siphela ngemizuzu embalwa, kanti kwabanye, singase siqhubeke amahora amaningi.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yalokhu?

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha bangase babe nokuqunjelwa kwe-broncho njalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi basengozini enkulu yokuba nakho.

• Isifuba somoya:Iziguli ezine-asthma yizona eziyinhloko ezihlukunyezwa yilokhu. I-asthma empeleni iwukuvuvukala okungapheli kanye nokuzwela kakhulu kwemigudu yomoya.
• I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu): Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimo ezifana ne -emphysema kanye ne-bronchitis engapheli. Lezi futhi yizifo zesikhathi eside ezithinta amaphaphu.
• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu: Isibonelo, lesi simo singakhula ngokushesha kubantu abane-allergies enkulu yezinto ezifana nokudla noma ukulunywa yizinambuzane.

Ingabe lokhu kungaba yingozi? Ingabe kufanele sesabe?

Yebo, lokhu kungaba yingozi kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi. Yingakho kungeyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula. Uma izindlela zokuphefumula ziba zincane kakhulu, umzimba awutholi umoya-mpilo owudingayo. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezibucayi njenge- hypoxia (izinga eliphansi kakhulu lomoya-mpilo egazini) kanye nokwehluleka kokuphefumula . Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni.

Ngakho-ke, uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, isifuba sakho siqinile kakhulu, uminyaniswe kakhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ngisho nokukhuluma, izindebe zakho ziphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma i-asthma yakho iba yimbi kakhulu, hamba esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha noma ushayele isevisi ye-ambulensi ephuthumayo ka-1990. Uma uthola ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, ungagwema lesi simo esiyingozi.

Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu? Yiziphi izivivinyo abazenzayo?

Esimweni esiphuthumayo, odokotela bazoxilonga i-bronchoconstriction ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho (njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela). Kodwa-ke, bangenza ezinye izivivinyo ukuthola ukuthi iyini imbangela eyinhloko nokuthi inzima kangakanani.

• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu (ama-PFT): Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani, ukuthi ungawuphefumula futhi uwukhiphe umoya ongakanani ngokuphefumula kanye, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuphazamiseka emigudwini yakho yokuphefumula. Ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu kwalokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-spirometry.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Kungenziwa ama-X- ray esifubeni noma ama-CT scan . Lokhu kungahlola ezinye izifo noma izinkinga zamaphaphu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu? Akukwazi yini ukwelapheka?

Ungakhathazeki, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezinhle zalokhu. Ukwelashwa okutholayo kuzoncika ekutheni yini ebangela isimo sakho nokuthi sibi kangakanani. Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana nalokhu:

• Imithi enciphisa ukuvuvukala futhi ivule imigudu yokuphefumula:
• Ama-Bronchodilator: Le mithi isebenza ngokukhulula imisipha emigudwini yakho yomoya, iyenze ibe banzi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuphefumula. Le mithi inikezwa nge -inhaler (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-puffer).Ungayithola ku -nebulizer ( umshini odala inkungu). Lokhu kuza ngezinhlobo ezimbili: esebenza isikhathi esifushane kanye nesebenza isikhathi eside.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Lawa asebenza ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala emigudwini yomoya. Lawa anganikezwa njenge-inhaler, noma ngezinye izikhathi njengephilisi. Lawa avame ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngabantu abane-asthma.
• Imithi evimba amakhemikhali emzimbeni abangela ukuvuvukala: Imithi efana nama-antihistamine (imithi enikezwayo yokungezwani komzimba) kanye nama-leukotriene modifiers (futhi uhlobo lwephilisi olunciphisa ukuvuvukala emigudwini yomoya).
• Imithi yokusabela ekuhlaselweni yi-asthma: Udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi ugcine i -inhaler yokutakula (i-bronchodilator esebenza isikhathi esifushane) ukuze uyisebenzise ngokushesha uma uhlaselwa yi-asthma ngokuzumayo, okusho ukuthi unobunzima bokuphefumula. Lokhu kufana "nomshini wokucima umlilo."
• Ukwelashwa Okuphuthumayo: Uma usengozini yokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba (i-anaphylaxis) , gcina i -epinephrine auto-injector , njenge -EpiPen® noma i-Auvi-Q® , eduze bese udokotela wakho ekufundise ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani.

Wenzani esibhedlela uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo?

Uma indlela yakho yokuphefumula ivaliwe ngokuphelele futhi ungakwazi ukuphefumula wedwa, odokotela esibhedlela kungadingeka bavule indlela yakho yokuphefumula ngale ndlela:

• Ukufakwa kwepayipi: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ipayipi ku-windpipe yakho (i-trachea) nokukuvumela ukuthi uphefumule ngendlela yokwenziwa, ngokuvamile nge- ventilator (ebizwa nangokuthi i-mechanical ventilation ).
• I-Tracheostomy: Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza imbobo encane ngaphambili kwentamo epayipini lomoya ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuphefumula ngqo. Lokhu kungenziwa okwesikhashana noma, ezimweni ezingavamile, unomphela.

Yini okufanele uyilindele uma uphila nalesi simo?

Uma unesifo sokuphefumula esingamahlalakhona njenge-asthma esibangela ukuminyana kwe-broncho, kubalulekile ukusiphatha kahle. Kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe udokotela wakho futhi uhlale kude nezinto ezibangela lokhu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isimo sakho singase sivuke kaningi.

Akubona bonke abantu abafanayo. Kwabanye, kungase kube yinto engavamile noma elula ukuyilawula. Kwabanye, kungase kube njalo, ngezinye izikhathi kube kubi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngesimo sakho nokuthi ufuna ukusiphatha kanjani, bese uqhamuka nohlelo lokwelashwa olukusebenzelayo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela kulezi zimo:

• Uma uvame ukuzwa ukuminyana kwe-broncho, okungukuthi, ukuphelelwa umoya kanye nokuqina kwesifuba.
• Uma umuthi wakho wamanje ubonakala ungawulawuli kahle. Isibonelo, uma kufanele usebenzise i-rescue inhaler yakho njalo.
• Uma izimpawu zibonakala zimbi kakhulu kunangaphambili.
• Uma lesi simo sikwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.

Udokotela angase ahlole kabusha isimo sakho, alungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa njengoba kudingeka, futhi asize ekuvimbeleni isimo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu.

Kunini lapho kufanele sesabe khona bese siya esibhedlela ngokushesha (ETU) ?

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enalezi zimpawu, shayela u-911 ngokushesha, noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngaphandle kokulibala. Lokhu kungaba isimo sokuphila noma ukufa!

• Uma unenkinga enkulu yokuphefumula (kangangokuthi awukwazi ukukhuluma noma ukuhamba).
• Uma i-asthma yakho inzima futhi usasebenzisa i-rescue inhaler yakho,
• Uma umphimbo wakho, ubuso, umlomo, izindebe, noma ulimi lwakho luvuvukala ngokuzumayo (lokhu kungaba uphawu lokungezwani komzimba okukhulu).
• Uma uzizwa uphansi ngokuzumayo umfutho wegazi, unesizungu, noma umkhuhlane.
• Uma isikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho ziphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-cyanosis , okusho ukuthi akukho oxygen eyanele egazini).
• Uma ulahlekelwa ingqondo, noma uma ingqondo yakho iphazamiseka.

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Kungaba usizo kakhulu ukubuza imibuzo efana nale uma uya kudokotela wakho, ngoba kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi oluphelele ngesimo sakho.

• Ucabanga ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezibangela lokhu kuncishiswa kwe-broncho?
• Ngingazigwema kanjani lezo zimbangela ngangokunokwenzeka?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze kuqala ekhaya uma ngihlaselwa yisifo sofuba noma i-asthma? Ngingayisebenzisa kanjani i-rescue inhaler yami ngendlela efanele?
• Yimiphi imithi okudingeka ngiyithathe nsuku zonke? Ngiyithatha kanjani ngempela?
• Yini enye engingayenza ukuvimbela lesi simo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu noma sihlaselwe yi-asthma? (isib. ukudla, ukuzivocavoca, njll.)
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngikhathazeke ngazo kakhulu? Kufanele ngiphinde ngimbone nini udokotela?

Ingabe kukhona esingakwenza ukuvimbela lokhu?

Nakuba kungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthola lesi simo sokuqunjelwa yi-broncho kanye nokubhebhetheka kwaso njalo.

• Ukwelapha imbangela: Uma unesifo esifana ne-asthma noma i-COPD, kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele.
• Ukugwema izinto ezibangela ukugula: Zinike isikhathi sokuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezibangela ukugula onazo. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi ugcine incwadi yezimpawu zakho, ukuthi udlani, nokuthi uya kuphi. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yini ebangela izimpawu zakho. Bese, gwema lezo zinto ngangokunokwenzeka. Isibonelo, gwema uthuli, gwema izindawo lapho abantu bebhema khona, futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa amakha angekuhle kuwe.
• Landela iseluleko sezokwelapha njengoba kuyalelwe: Qiniseka ukuthi uya kudokotela ngezinsuku ezihleliwe futhi uthatha imithi yakho njengoba kuyalelwe.

Ezinye izinto engicabanga ukuthi zibalulekile kuwe (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuqina kwesifuba. Kuzwakala sengathi awukwazi ukuphefumula. Kunomsindo wokuphefumula. Uma unesifo sokuphefumula njenge-asthma noma i-COPD, uyazi ukuthi lokhu kuncishiswa kwe-broncho kungaba yinto eyesabekayo nengakhululeki kangakanani.

Kodwa, ungesabi. Lesi yisimo esingalawuleka. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda kahle isimo sakho nokusebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze wakhe uhlelo oluhle lokwelashwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, uzokwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi wenzeni uma lesi simo siba sibi kakhulu. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlala une-inhaler yakho yokutakula.

Kubalulekile futhi ukutshela umndeni wakho, abangane abaseduze, kanye nosebenza nabo ngezimpawu ze-bronchoconstriction nokuthi bangakusiza kanjani uma kwenzeka (isib. ukunikeza inhaler yakho, ukubiza i-ambulensi esimweni esiphuthumayo). Lokhu kuzobasiza ukuthi bathole usizo abaludingayo ngokushesha esimweni esiphuthumayo.

Khumbula, ngokwelashwa okusheshayo nokufanelekile, ukuqwashisa, kanye nempilo enhle, ungasilawula lesi simo futhi uphile impilo evamile!

Ukuminyana kwe - bronchi, ukuphelelwa umoya, i-asthma, i-COPD, ukuqina kwesifuba, ukukhwehlela, isifo sokuphefumula