Ingabe amehlo engane yakho abukeka emakhulu? Ingabe kungaba yi-buphthalmos? Ake sixoxe ngakho!

Uma ubheka amehlo engane yakho encane, wake waphawula ukuthi elinye noma womabili amehlo abonakala emakhulu kancane kunelinye? Noma, uyaqaphela ukuthi amehlo engane ayakhula kancane kancane njengoba izinyanga zihamba? Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba uphawu lwesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Buphthalmos . Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngakho konke ngamazwi alula namuhla.

Uyazi ukuthi iyini i-Buphthalmos?

Kalula nje, i-buphthalmos yisimo lapho iso lomntwana noma amehlo omabili eba makhulu kunokuvamile, kungaba ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila. Lesi yisimo sokuzalwa , okusho ukuthi sikhona kusukela ekuzalweni. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nalokhu kukhula esweni elilodwa kuphela (eliyi-unilateral), kanti ezinye zingase zibe nakho kuwo womabili amehlo (eliyi-bilateral).

Cabanga nje, yile ndlela igama elithi "buphthalmos" elavela ngayo. NgesiGreki, elithi "bu" lisho inkomo, kanti elithi "ophthalmos" lisho iso. Ngakho lathola igama lalo ngoba linamehlo amakhulu njengenkomo. Udokotela wasendulo waseGrisi uHippocrates wayengowokuqala ukuhlonza lesi simo.

Lesi yisimo sezakhi zofuzo esibangelwa yi-autosomal recessive . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuze ingane ibe nalesi simo, ingane kumele ithole isakhi sofuzo esithintekile kubo bobabili abazali. Cabanga ngakho njengelotho. Bobabili abazali bangase babe naso isakhi sofuzo, kodwa bangase bangazi. Ngokwesilinganiso, ingane eyodwa kwezine zalo mbhangqwana izoba nalesi simo.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

I-Buphthalmos yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Sivela cishe koyedwa kwabangu-30,000 abazalwa . Singathinta bobabili ubulili. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi abantu ezindaweni ezithile, njengeSlovakia, iSaudi Arabia, kanye neningizimu yeNdiya, basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-buphthalmos?

Uphawu olusobala kakhulu nolusobala losana olusanda kuzalwa noma usana olunezinyanga ezimbalwa ubudala ukuthi amehlo alo abonakala emakhulu. Iso elilodwa noma womabili angase abe makhulu. Kuye ngembangela yalokhu, ingane yakho ingase ibe nezinye izimpawu. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Izinyembezi zigeleza njalo emehlweni, amehlo ebonakala ebomvu, amehlo ehlala emanzi ngendlela engavamile .
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya (i-photophobia) . Lokhu kusho ukuthi umntwana akafuni ukubuka ukukhanya, uvala amehlo akhe, noma athukuthele.
• Ukwanda kokushaywa yinhliziyo, noma umuzwa wokukhinyabezeka.
• I-cornea , ingxenye evame ukuba sobala yeso, ibonakala inamafu, njengokungathi imbozwe yinkungu.
• I-cornea iyanwebeka, inciphe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iba nemicu .

Uma ingane yakho inesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka enganeni yethu? Yiziphi izizathu?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-buphthalmos yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-primary congenital glaucoma noma i-primary infantile glaucoma . Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge-glaucoma. I-Glaucoma ilimaza i-optic nerve engaphakathi kweso, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokubona. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngoba uhlobo oluthile loketshezi olukhiqizwa ngaphakathi kweso aluphumi kahle, okubangela ukunqwabelana kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kweso (ingcindezi yangaphakathi kweso noma i-IOP) .

• I-glaucoma eyinhloko yokuzalwa yi-glaucoma eqala lapho umuntu ezalwa.
• I-glaucoma eyinhloko yosana yi-glaucoma eqala phakathi kokuzalwa neminyaka emithathu ubudala.

Ngaphezu kwalesi sizathu esiyinhloko, i-buphthalmos ingenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:

• I-Aniridia: Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Sibonakala ngokungabikho okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwengxenye enombala yeso, i-iris . I-Aniridia ingathinta umbono.
• Uhlobo 1 lwe-Neurofibromatosis: Lesi futhi yisimo esivame ukuzalwa njengefa. Amathumba angakheka emithanjeni, okungadala nezinkinga zamehlo.
• I-Sturge-Weber syndrome: Lesi futhi yisimo sofuzo. Sibangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ikhule ngokweqile, sakhe amaqhubu abizwa ngokuthi ama-angioma . Lesi simo singathinta isikhumba, ubuchopho kanye namehlo.
• Ukulimala kokubeletha: Uma amehlo omntwana onakele ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, lokho kungaba yimbangela.

Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa olwenziwayo ukuthola lokhu?

Abazali bavame ukuba ngabokuqala ukubona ushintsho emehlweni engane yabo. Uma usola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ekuboneni kwengane yakho, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha . Udokotela wakho wezingane cishe uzokudlulisela kuchwepheshe wokunakekelwa kwamehlo.

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni ezifana ne-buphthalmos kanye ne-congenital glaucoma, njengoba ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kusindise umbono wengane .

Ukuze axilonge kahle i-buphthalmos, udokotela kungadingeka afake ingane ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia futhi enze izivivinyo eziningana, njenge:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele: Lokhu kuzovumela udokotela ukuthi ahlole noma yikuphi ukufiphala, izibazi, noma ukuvuvukala kwe-cornea. Bazolinganisa neso futhi bahlole ukuthi i-optic disc ivaliwe yini, lapho i-optic nerve iphuma khona iso.
• I-Retinoscopy: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvumela udokotela ukuthi abone ukuthi ingane inayo yiniIngabe kukhona amaphutha okubuyisa umbono, njenge-myopia (ukubona eduze)?
• I-Gonioscopy: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukuthi uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi esweni lusebenza kahle yini. Amehlo aphilile akhiqiza futhi akhiphe uketshezi njalo. Ku-glaucoma, lolu ketshezi aluphumi kahle futhi luyanqwabelana, okwandisa ingcindezi futhi kulimaze i-optic nerve.
• I-Ultrasound biomicroscopy: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu. Kungathatha izithombe ezicacile zangaphambili zeso futhi kungabona nezinkinga zokuphuma kwamanzi. Kungakhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi kune-ultrasound evamile (sonogram).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-Buphthalmos?

Uma welapha i-buphthalmos, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso (ingcindezi yamehlo) . Kunezindlela eziningana zokunciphisa le ngcindezi. Imithi ingenye yazo.

• Amaconsi amehlo noma izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo zisetshenziselwa le njongo. Lokhu kuqukethe imithi efana nama -beta blockers , ama-prostaglandin analogs , noma ama-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors .

Kukhona nezinqubo zokuhlinzwa ezingasiza ekukhipheni uketshezi ngaphakathi kweso futhi zinciphise ukucindezeleka:

• Ukufaka izimila ezincane ngaphakathi kweso.
• Ukwenza amanxeba amancane ezakhiweni zeso.
• Ukususwa kwezicubu esweni.

Eqinisweni, uma ingane yakho ine-buphthalmos, ingase ibe nezinye izimo ezidinga ukwelashwa (njenge-neurofibromatosis type 1, i-Sturge-Weber syndrome, noma i-aniridia). Udokotela uzophinde elaphe lezo zimo.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela lokhu?

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela i-buphthalmos, kodwa ukuhlonza lesi simo kusenesikhathi empilweni yengane nokuqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni imiphumela emibi kakhulu .

Kwenzekani uma une-buphthalmos? Yini ongayilindela?

Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi i-buphthalmos iyisimo esingelapheka . Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulahlekelwa umbono, kungcono ukuyixilonga nokwelapha lesi simo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ngingamnakekela kanjani ingane yami kulesi simo?

Kubalulekile ukuthi wonke umuntu ahlolwe amehlo njalo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumuntu onesifo samehlo azalwa naso. Buza udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwengane yakho nokuthi kufanele imbone nini udokotela.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zivivinyo, yenza konke ongakwenza ukuze ugcine amehlo ephilile. Lezi zinto zibalulekile empilweni enhle yamehlo:

• Ukudla okunempilo nokuphuza amanzi anele.
• Ukulala ngokwanele nokuzibandakanya emisebenzini yomzimba .
• Gqoka izibuko zokuzivikela uma uselangeni, usebenza, futhi udlala imidlalo.
• Gwema ukubhema (lokhu kusebenza nakubantu abadala abaseduze nengane).

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela impilo yamehlo yengane kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kuze kube yilapho isikhulile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezimweni zamehlo eziqala ekuzalweni noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila. Uma unokungabaza noma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwengane yakho, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uma amehlo engane yakho ebonakala emakhulu ngendlela engavamile, kungaba yi-buphthalmos . Lokhu kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa ne -glaucoma yokuzalwa .

• Ungakhathazeki , lesi yisimo esingelapheka.
• Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa yizona zindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuvikela umbono wengane.
• Uma unokungabaza okuncane, bonana nodokotela wamehlo ngokushesha .
• Kubalulekile ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha nokuya njalo ekulandelelweni .

Khumbula, awuwedwa. Odokotela nezisebenzi zezempilo bakulungele ukukusiza wena nomntwana wakho.

i- buphthalmos, i-glaucoma yobuntwana, i-glaucoma yokuzalwa, ukukhulisa amehlo, ukucindezeleka kwamehlo, i-optic nerve, i-cornea