Wake wazibuza ukuthi amehlo ethu asebenza kanjani njengamakhamera athuthukile, anembe kakhulu? Yonke imininingwane esiyibonayo—wonke umbala, imisebe yokukhanya, nesimo—ibanjwa futhi idluliselwe ebuchosheni bakho ngama-milliseconds nje, okukuvumela ukuthi uzwe umhlaba. Kufihlwe ngaphakathi kwalesi sitho esincane, esimangalisayo kukhona iqhawe elingadunyiswa elibalulekile embonweni wakho: 'i-choroid'. Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale lingavamile, indima yalo ibalulekile. Namuhla, ake silihlole ngendlela elula nenobungane neNirogi Lanka.
Ngamagama alula, iyini i-Choroid?
Cabanga ngeso lakho njengebhola elenziwe ngezingqimba ezintathu. Ungqimba oluphakathi lubizwa ngokuthi i-uvea, kanti i-choroid iyingxenye ebalulekile yalolo ngqimba. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngegazi elicebile ngomoya-mpilo, elisebenza njengohlelo lokusekela impilo yezakhiwo ezibalulekile zeso lakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusiza ukulawula ukukhanya okungena esweni lakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unombono ocacile nobukhali.
Yimiphi Imisebenzi Emibili Eyinhloko Ye-Choroid?
Umsebenzi we-choroid ungahlukaniswa ngezindima ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Ukuhlinzekwa Ngegazi
Lona umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu we-choroid. Cabanga ngayo njengesitshalo sikagesi esihlinzeka ngogesi namanzi edolobheni elimatasa. I -retina kanye ne -optic nerve kufana nezimboni ezingapheli, ezifunwa kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi zihlala zithumela izimpawu ebuchosheni, zidinga ukuphakelwa kwegazi kanye nezakhamzimba okuphezulu kakhulu kunezinye izicubu eziningi.
I-choroid igcwele inethiwekhi ebanzi nethambile yemithambo yegazi . Kungalesi simiso lapho i-retina kanye ne-optic nerve zithola khona ukugeleza okuqhubekayo komoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba ezikudingayo ukuze zisebenze. Uma lokhu kunikezwa kuphazamiseke kancane, umbono wakho ungathinteka kakhulu.
2. Ukumuncwa Okukhanyayo
Nakuba kungaxoxwa kakhulu, le nqubo ibalulekile. Wake wawabona amaphaneli e-foam amnyama, anezimbobo ezitudiyo zokuqopha aklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukuzwakala komsindo? I-choroid yenza umsebenzi ofanayo ngaphakathi kweso lakho.
Ungase ujwayelene ne -melanin , umbala onikeza isikhumba sethu umbala waso. I-choroid iqukethe inani elikhulu le-melanin. Nakuba i-melanin esikhumbeni imunca imisebe ye-UV eyingozi ukuze ikuvikele, esweni, ivimbela ukukhanya ukuthi kungasabalali ngokungalawuleki.
Empeleni, njengangaphakathi kwekhamera ephezulu, i-melanin eku-choroid imunca ukukhanya okungaphandle, okuvumela ukuthi kugxile ngqo kumaseli e-photoreceptor ku-retina yakho. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukukhanya bekuzogxuma ngaphakathi kweso lakho, okwenza umbono wakho ubonakale ufiphele futhi ufiphele.
Ikuphi i-Choroid?
I-choroid imboza cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zangemuva kwebhola leso lakho. Kalula nje, iphakathi kodonga olumhlophe lwangaphandle lweso, olwaziwa ngokuthi i -sclera , kanye ne- retina , okuyingqimba engaphakathi ephethe ukucubungula umbono .
Luyi-membrane encane kakhulu—cishe ubukhulu bephepha elijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ngaphakathi kwaleso sikhala esincane, lugcina leyo nethiwekhi enkulu yemithambo yegazi. Njengoba nje ungase ube ne-mole esikhumbeni sakho, i-choroid ingakha namabala angenangozi abizwa ngokuthi i-nevi. Lawa awabonakali kuwe; ngokuvamile atholakala udokotela wakho wamehlo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile.
Yiziphi Izimo Ezingathinta I-Choroid?
Ngenxa yokuthi i-choroid empeleni iyinethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yemithambo yegazi, izinkinga zesistimu—njengezinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi noma izifo zokuvuvukala—zingayithinta ngqo. Ezinye izimo ezivamile zifaka:
- Ubu-Albinism: Isimo sofuzo esinciphisa i-melanin esikhumbeni nasemahlweni, okuvame ukuholela ekuzweleni ukukhanya (i-photophobia) kanye nokukhubazeka kokubona.
- Izimo zokuzalwa: Njenge-choroideremia, okungaholela ekulimaleni kwe-retina.
- I-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela: Ushukela ophezulu egazini ungalimaza imithambo ethambile ku-choroid.
- Ukuwohloka kwe-macular: Esimweni 'esimanzi', imithambo yegazi engavamile ingakhula kusuka ku-choroid, okubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono.
- Umdlavuza wamehlo: Njenge-melanoma yangaphakathi kwamehlo, engase ivele ku-choroid.
- I-ischemia yamehlo: Ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi, okufana nokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi samehlo.
- I-Glaucoma: Nakuba ihlobene kakhulu nokucindezeleka kwamehlo, ingathinta ngokungaqondile impilo ye-choroid kanye nezinzwa ezizungezile.
- Ukulimala: Ukulimala esweni kungabangela umonakalo wangaphakathi.
- Izimo zokuvuvukala: Njenge-uveitis noma i-chorioretinitis, okuyizifo noma ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kweso.
Uyibona Kanjani Inkinga Nge-Choroid?
Noma iyiphi inkinga ehilela i-choroid izothinta ngqo umbono wakho. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezisheshayo emehlweni akho, kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe wakho wokunakekelwa kwamehlo noma ufune izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo okukhulu.
| Izimpawu zezinkinga ze-Choroidal | |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu Ezivamile | |
| Amabala amnyama noma izindawo ezingenalutho embonweni | Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabala angaboni (ama-scotoma). |
| Umbono ofiphele | Ukuntuleka kokucaca okuvamile emkhakheni wakho wombono. |
| Umbono ophindwe kabili | Ukubona izithombe ezimbili esikhundleni sesinye (i-diplopia). |
| Ubuhlungu bamehlo kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu | Ukungakhululeki okuqhubekayo emehlweni noma eduze kwawo. |
| Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni | Ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu lapho ubhekene nokukhanya (i-photophobia). |
| Izimpawu Eziphuthumayo Ezidinga Ukunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha Okusheshayo | |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangela ubuhlungu bamehlo | Izimpawu ezinzima ezingase zibonise ukucindezeleka okuphezulu. |
| Ama-Halo azungeze izibani | Ukubona izindandatho ezinombala wothingo ezizungeze imithombo yokukhanya. |
| Ukulahlekelwa noma ukuncipha kombono ngokuzumayo | Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo. |
| Izibani ezikhanyayo ngokuzumayo | Ukubona ukukhanya okungazelelwe (i-photopsias). |
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu eziphuthumayo, ungalibali. Sicela uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ER) oseduze ngokushesha. Uma kukhulunywa ngempilo yamehlo, umzuzwana ngamunye ubalulekile.
Zitholakala kanjani lezi zimo?
Uma ubona uchwepheshe wamehlo, uzobuyekeza izimpawu zakho futhi enze ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele. Uma kusolwa ukuthi une-choroidal, bangase batuse ukuhlolwa okulandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa kokubona kahle: Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokulinganisa ukuthi ubona kahle kangakanani.
- Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo: Kuhlola umbono wakho ongaphandle ukuze kutholakale noma yiziphi izikhala noma izindawo ezingaboni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwesibani esinqunyiwe: Isibonakhulu esikhethekile esisetshenziswa udokotela wakho ukuhlola izakhiwo zangaphakathi zeso lakho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-retinal imaging: Ngenxa yokuthi i-choroid ne-retina kuhlobene kakhulu, ukuthwebula i-retina kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana ne-choroid.
- I-Fluorescein angiography: Idayi ifakwa emthanjeni wengalo yakho ukuze kuthathwe izithombe ezinemininingwane zemithambo yegazi esesweni lakho.
- I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): I-scan engangenisi ukutheleleka edala izithombe zeso lakho ezihlanganisa izingxenye ezahlukene, okuvumela udokotela ukuthi abone ukuvuvukala noma izinguquko ezingqimbeni zeso.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izimo ze-choroidal?
Ukwelashwa kuvame ukugxila ekuphatheni isimo esiyisisekelo esithinta i-choroid. Ngokubhekana nembangela eyinhloko, sivame ukuthuthukisa impilo ye-choroid. Izinhlelo zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe ekuxilongweni kwakho okuthile.
| Indlela Yokwelapha | Lokho okushiwoyo… |
|---|---|
| Imithi ye-Glaucoma | Ihla ukuze yehlise umfutho wamehlo futhi ivikele inzwa yokubona. |
| Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala | Imithi yokunciphisa ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kweso. |
| Ukwelashwa kwe-Anti-VEGF | Imijovo eyenzelwe ukuvimba ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi engavamile nevuzayo. |
| Ukwelashwa komdlavuza | Ukwelashwa okukhethekile njengokuhlinzwa noma ngemisebe yezimila zamehlo. |
| Ukuphathwa kokugeleza kwegazi | Imithi efana nama-anticoagulant noma ukulawula umfutho wegazi ukuze kusekelwe ukujikeleza kwegazi okunempilo. |
| Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo | Ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa umonakalo wesakhiwo ngaphakathi kweso. |
Kuye ngezidingo zakho zempilo, udokotela wakho uzokuqondisa endleleni yokwelashwa engcono kakhulu.
Ungayivikela kanjani impilo yamehlo akho nge-Nirogi Lanka?
Ukubona kwakho kuyigugu. Ukuvikela impilo yamehlo akho, okuhlanganisa ne-choroid, kudinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo. Nazi izinyathelo eziningana ongazithatha ukuze ulondoloze impilo yamehlo akho yesikhathi eside.
- Hlela Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo Okuvamile: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ugqoka izibuko noma cha, kubalulekile ukuthi amehlo akho ahlolwe udokotela wamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Lokhu kuvumela ukutholakala kwezinkinga ezingaba khona isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu ezibonakalayo.
- Vikela Amehlo Akho: Uma usebenza ngemishini yokushisela, amakhemikhali, noma ezindaweni ezinezinga eliphezulu lothuli kanye nemfucumfucu, kufanele ugqoke izibuko zokuphepha ezifanele noma izibuko zamehlo ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwamehlo.
- Gwema Ukubhema Nokusebenzisa Ugwayi: Ukubhema nokusebenzisa ugwayi kulimaza ngqo uhlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-choroid iyisakhiwo esinemithambo yegazi ecebile kakhulu, ukubhema kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu noqondile emsebenzini wayo.
- Lawula Izimo Ezingamahlalakhona: Uma uphila ne -Diabetes Mellitus noma i -Hypertension (umfutho wegazi ophakeme), qiniseka ukuthi lezi zimo zilawulwa ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalelo kadokotela wakho. Uma zingalawulwa, lezi zifo zingaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu nokungalungiseki emehlweni akho.
- Beka Ukubaluleka Kwempilo-ntle Yonke: Ukugcina ukudla okunempilo, ukuhlala unesisindo esinempilo, kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo akuzuzisi nje kuphela emehlweni akho, kodwa nasemzimbeni wakho wonke.
I-choroid isebenza njengesakhi esithule kodwa esibalulekile ngaphakathi kweso lakho. Iphefumulela impilo embonweni wakho futhi ikusize uzizwele umhlaba ocacile, ophilayo. Ngokuhlala unolwazi futhi uthatha isinyathelo, uthatha umthwalo wemfanelo ophelele wokuvikela umbono wakho oyigugu ngeNirogi Lanka.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
- I -Choroid iyingqimba ebalulekile ephakathi kweso lakho enikeza igazi futhi ilawula ukumuncwa kokukhanya.
- Izimpawu ezinjengokulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, ukubona ukukhanya, noma ubuhlungu bamehlo obuhambisana nesicanucanu kuyizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha; sicela ushayele u-911 noma uvakashele umnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze nawe ngokushesha.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela impilo yakho ye-choroidal ukulawula ngokuqinile izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye nokuhlola amehlo njalo.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko noma ukungakhululeki embonweni wakho, ungazami ukuzihlola; xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.
I-Choroid, Impilo Yamehlo, Izifo Zamehlo, I-Retina, Imithambo Yegazi Yamehlo, Ukulahlekelwa Ukubona, Ukunakekelwa Kwamehlo
