Wake wazibuza ukuthi amehlo ethu asebenza kanjani njengekhamera enkulu? Konke esikubonayo, okungukuthi, imibala, ukukhanya, izimo, konke lokhu kuthunyelwa ebuchosheni ngemizuzwana embalwa, okusivumela ukuthi sibone leli zwe. Ngaphakathi kwaleli so elincane, kukhona iqhawe elingaziwa kakhulu elibalulekile embonweni wethu, kodwa asikhulumi kakhulu ngalo. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'i-Choroid'. Nakuba igama lingavamile kancane, umsebenzi walo ubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula nangomusa namuhla.
Kalula nje, iyini le choroid?
Cabanga ukuthi iso lethu liyibhola elenziwe ngezingqimba ezintathu. Ungqimba oluphakathi lubizwa ngokuthi i-uvea. I-choroid iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yalolo ngqimba oluphakathi. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngegazi, okuwukudla okudingwa ezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zeso ezibalulekile ekuboneni kwethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusiza futhi ukulawula inani lokukhanya okungena esweni futhi kusinika umbono ocacile.
Yimiphi imisebenzi emibili eyinhloko ye-choroid?
Insizakalo enikezwa yi-choroid emehlweni ethu ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Ukuhlinzekwa Kwegazi
Lona umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu noyinhloko we-choroid. Ifana nesitshalo esikhulu sikagesi esihlinzeka ngamanzi nogesi edolobheni. I -retina kanye ne-optic nerve engaphakathi kweso lethu kufana nezimboni ezimbili ezisebenza ngokungayeki. Ngenxa yokuthi zihlala zithumela izimpawu ebuchosheni, zidinga igazi eliningi kanye nokudla okunempilo kunezinye izicubu.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphakathi kwale choroid kukhona inethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emincane, ebekwe phezu komunye nomunye. Kungale ndlela yemithambo yegazi lapho i-retina kanye ne-optic nerve zithola khona ukuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo komoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba. Uma lokhu kuhlinzekwa kuncishiswa ngisho nakancane, umbono wethu ungonakala kakhulu.
2. Ukumuncwa Okukhanyayo
Lona umsebenzi owaziwa kancane, kodwa obaluleke kakhulu. Wake wayibona igwebu elimnyama, elinezimbobo elinamathele ezindongeni zezitudiyo zokuqopha ukuze kuvinjwe umsindo ukuthi ungazwakali? Yilokho kanye okwenziwa yi-choroid ngaphakathi kweso.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge- melanin , umbala onikeza isikhumba sethu umbala waso onsundu. Le melanin itholakala ngobuningi obukhulu ku-choroid. I-Melanin isetshenziswa esikhumbeni ukuvikela emisebeni ye-ultraviolet eyingozi evela elangeni.Ivikela isikhumba ngokumunca imisebe ye-UV. Ngaphakathi kweso, le melanin ivimbela ukukhanya okungenayo ukuthi kungasabalali ngokungadingekile ngaphakathi kweso.
Ukuze kube sobala, njengoba ingaphakathi lekhamera limnyama, le melanin eku-choroid isiza ukugxila ekukhanyeni, isiza amaseli e-photoreceptor ku-retina ukuthi akhiqize isithombe esicacile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukukhanya ngaphakathi kweso kungasakazeka yonke indawo, okwenza lokho esikubonayo kufiphale.
Ikuphi le choroid?
I-choroid itholakala ngemuva kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zebhola leso lethu. Kalula nje, itholakala phakathi kodonga olumhlophe olungaphandle lweso lethu (i-sclera) kanye nongqimba olungaphakathi lweso, i-retina . Ifana nongqimba oluphakathi lwesandwich.
Lolu ulwelwesi oluncane kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, luwugqinsi nje njengephepha le-A4 esivame ukuliphrinta. Kodwa ngaphakathi kwalolo gqinsi oluncane kukhona inethiwekhi enkulu yemithambo yegazi engikhulume ngayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, njengoba nje sinezimpawu zokuzalwa esikhumbeni sethu, le choroid ingaba nezibazi zokuzalwa (nevi). Asikwazi ukuzibona ngaphandle. Lezi zibonakala kuphela lapho udokotela wamehlo ehlola amehlo.
Yiziphi izimo ezingathinta i-choroid?
Izinto eziningi ezithinta ukujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wethu, njengezifo zokuvuvukala, zingathinta ne-choroid. Ngoba yakhiwe yimithambo yegazi kuphela. Ezinye zezimo eziyinhloko ezingabonakala yilezi:
- Ubu-Albinism: Isimo sofuzo esinciphisa umbala we-melanin esikhumbeni nasemahlweni. Lokhu kuntuleka kwe-melanin kubangela ukuthi amehlo angakwazi ukubekezelela ukukhanya (i-photophobia) futhi kubangele ukukhubazeka kokubona.
- Izimo zokuzalwa: Isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne-choroideremia zingabangela umonakalo ku-retina.
- I-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela: Isifo sikashukela singalimaza imithambo yegazi esweni, okungathinta ne-choroid.
- Ukuwohloka kwe-macular: Ikakhulukazi ohlotsheni 'olumanzi', imithambo yegazi emisha nebuthakathaka ikhula ku-choroid, okungalimaza ukubona.
- Umdlavuza wamehlo: Umdlavuza, ikakhulukazi i-melanoma yangaphakathi kweso, ungavela ku-choroid.
- I-ischemia yamehlo: Ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwegazi eliya esweni, njengalapho kushaywa yiso.
- I-Glaucoma: Uma ingcindezi ekhuphukile esweni ilimaza i-optic nerve kanye ne-retina, i-choroid nayo ingathinteka ngokungaqondile.
- Ukulimala kwamehlo.
- Izimo zokuvuvukala: Ukuvuvukala kanye nokutheleleka kwengaphakathi leso, njenge-uveitis noma i-chorioretinitis.
Uyibona kanjani inkinga nge-choroid?
Uma kunenkinga nge-choroid, ithinta ngqo umbono wethu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni.
| Izimpawu zezifo ezihlobene ne-choroid | |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu ezivame ukubonakala | |
| Amabala amnyama noma izingxenye zombono ziyanyamalala | Ukuvela kwamabala angaboni (ama-scotoma). |
| Umbono ofiphele | Umbono ofiphele. |
| Umbono ozinhlangothi zombili | Ukubona okuphindwe kabili (i-diplopia). |
| Ubuhlungu bamehlo kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu | Ubuhlungu bamehlo kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. |
| Ubunzima bokubheka ukukhanya | Ukuzwela kokukhanya (i-photophobia). |
| Izimpawu eziphuthumayo ezidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha | |
| Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza okubangelwa ubuhlungu/ukucindezeleka kwamehlo | Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza okuhambisana nobuhlungu bamehlo. |
| Ukubona izindandatho zothingo zizungeze ukukhanya | Ukubona ama-halo anombala wothingo azungeze izibani. |
| Ukulahlekelwa noma ukuncipha kombono ngokuzumayo | Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo. |
| Ukukhanya okungazelelwe phambi kwamehlo | Kungazelelwe ngibona izibani ezikhanyayo (photopsias). |
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu eziphuthumayo, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha bese ubona udokotela. Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu ezimweni eziphuthumayo zamehlo.
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale izimo ezinjalo?
Uma ubona uchwepheshe wamehlo, uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi ahlole amehlo akho. Uma besola inkinga nge-choroid, bangenza lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa kokubona okubukhali: Ukuhlolwa okuvamile okukala ubukhali bokubona kwakho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwensimu yokubona: Ukuhlolwa kokubona ukuthi kukhona yini ukuphazamiseka emkhakheni wakho wokubona (ukuthi ungabona kude kangakanani ngaphandle kokunyakaza ikhanda lakho).
- Ukuhlolwa kwesibani esinqunyiwe: Kulokhu, udokotela uhlola ngokucophelela ingaphakathi leso lakho ngethuluzi elikhethekile elifana ne-microscope.
- Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe se-retinal: Ngenxa yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-choroid ne-retina, ukuhlola i-retina nakho kunganikeza ulwazi mayelana ne-choroid.
- I-Fluorescein angiography: Kufakwa idayi ekhethekile emthanjeni osengalweni, bese kuthathwa izithombe zemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweso.
- I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Lokhu kufana nokuskena okuphakathi kweso. Kungahlola ukujiya kwezingqimba zeso nokuthi kukhona yini ukuvuvukala.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo ezihlobene ne-choroid?
Ngokuvamile, esikhundleni sokwelapha i-choroid ngqo, isimo esiyisisekelo esiyithintayo siyalashwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho imbangela yelashwa, isimo se-choroid naso siyathuthuka. Izindlela zokwelapha zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngesifo.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Imithi ye-Glaucoma | Imithi enciphisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo futhi ivimbele noma inciphise umonakalo emsipheni we-optic. |
| Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala | Imithi elawula ukuvuvukala kanye nokutheleleka ngaphakathi kweso. |
| Imithi yokulwa ne-VEGF | Umuthi (ovame ukufakwa esweni) ovimba ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emisha nebuthakathaka ngaphakathi kweso. |
| Ukwelashwa komdlavuza | Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamehlo kuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe. |
| Imithi esiza ukujikeleza kwegazi | Imithi evimbela ukujiya kwegazi (ama-anticoagulant), njengemithi elawula umfutho wegazi. |
| Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo | Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ukuze kulungiswe izimo ezithile ezilimazayo esweni. |
Kuye ngesimo sakho, ungadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, okuzochazwa udokotela wakho ngokuningiliziwe.
Ungayilondoloza kanjani impilo ye-choroid namehlo?
Amehlo ethu ayinsiza eyigugu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke sonke kufanele sizame ukuwavikela. Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze ulondoloze impilo yeso lonke, okuhlanganisa ne-choroid.
- Thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ugqoka izibuko noma cha, kubalulekile ukuthi amehlo akho ahlolwe udokotela wamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Ngale ndlela, noma yiziphi izinkinga zingabonakala ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.
- Vikela amehlo akho: Uma ushisela, usebenza ngamakhemikhali, noma usebenza ezindaweni ezinothuli, qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka izibuko/izibuko zokuphepha.
- Gwema ukubhema nokusebenzisa ugwayi: Ukubhema nokuhlafuna ugwayi kulimaza ngqo uhlelo lwethu lokujikeleza kwegazi. Njengoba i-choroid iwungqimba lwemithambo yegazi, ukubhema kungayilimaza ngqo.
- Lawula izifo ezingamahlalakhona: Uma unezifo ezifana ne -Diabetes Mellitus kanye ne-Hypertension , zilawule kahle ngokwemiyalelo kadokotela wakho. Uma lezi zifo zingalawulwa, umonakalo emehlweni ungaba mubi kakhulu.
- Nakekela impilo yakho iyonke: Ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, nokuzivocavoca njalo akukuhle emehlweni akho kuphela, kodwa nakuwo wonke umzimba wakho.
I-choroid iyingxenye ethule, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yeso lethu. Inika ukuphila ekuboneni kwethu futhi isisize sibone umhlaba ngokucacile. Ngakho-ke, kungumthwalo wethu ukuqaphela lokho nokunakekela amehlo ethu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-choroid iyingxenye ebalulekile yongqimba oluphakathi ngaphakathi kweso lethu olunikeza igazi esweni futhi lulawule ukukhanya.
- Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, ukubona ukukhanya phambi kwamehlo, nokuhlanza okubangela ubuhlungu emehlweni kuyizimpawu ezinkulu ezidinga usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina impilo ye-choroid iwukulawula izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo ngudokotela wamehlo.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko noma ukungakhululeki embonweni wakho, ungazami ukuzinqumela wena bese ukhuluma nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.
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