Iyini le choroid engaphakathi kweso? Ake sithole kahle!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi amehlo ethu asebenza kahle kangakanani? Iso liyisitho esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nesiyigugu. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye yeso engaziwa kangako, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Leyo yi-choroid. Kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzwe leli gama ngaphambili. Kodwa kulungile, namuhla sizokhuluma ngalo kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Iyini i-choroid? Iyiphi insizakalo enikeza iso?

Kalula nje, i-choroid ungqimba oluphakathi lwebhola leso lakho, udonga lwangaphandle lwebhola leso lakho. Ingowe-uvea. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, i-choroid ingenye yemithambo yegazi eyinhloko ehlinzeka amehlo ethu. Iphinde isize ekulawuleni inani lokukhanya okungena esweni. Ngakho-ke, i-choroid ibaluleke kakhulu endleleni esibona ngayo umhlaba.

I-choroid inemisebenzi emibili eyinhloko:

1. Ukunikeza iso igazi elidingekayo.

2. Ukumuncwa kokukhanya okungena esweni.

Manje ake sixoxe ngalezi ezimbili ngemininingwane ethe xaxa .

1. Ukunikezwa kwegazi esweni

Lona umsebenzi oyinhloko we-choroid. Ikakhulukazi, yilona elihlinzeka ngegazi ku-retina kanye ne-optic nerve emehlweni ethu. Cabanga nje, le-retina kanye ne-optic nerve zihlala zithumela izimpawu ebuchosheni. Kufana nemishini emibili esebenza ngokungayeki. Ngakho-ke, lezi zingxenye ezimbili zidinga inani elikhulu legazi kanye nezakhamzimba kunezinye izicubu zeso. I-choroid inemithambo yegazi eminingi, njenge-tangle. Yingakho inganikeza inani elifanele legazi.

2. Ukumuncwa okulula

Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile we-choroid ukumunca ukukhanya. Lokhu akuyona into esobala kakhulu, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ubuwazi ukuthi i-choroid iqukethe umbala obizwa ngokuthi i-melanin ngobuningi obukhulu kunanoma yiziphi ezinye izicubu emehlweni ethu? Le melanin efanayo itholakala nasesikhumbeni sethu. Yile melanin emunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet eyingozi evela elangeni futhi ivikele isikhumba sethu ezintweni ezifana nomdlavuza wesikhumba. I-Melanin ingamunca hhayi imisebe ye-ultraviolet kuphela, kodwa cishe konke ukukhanya okubonakalayo.

I-Melanin esweni isebenza njenge-acoustic foam, esetshenziselwa ukumunca umsindo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke walubona lolu hlobo lwe-foam ezindongeni zezitudiyo zokuqopha. Ivimba umsindo ukuthi ungashayi futhi uzwakale. Ngendlela efanayo, i-melanin esweni ivimba ukukhanya ukuthi kungasabalali ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kuvimbela amaseli e-photoreceptor ku-retina yethu ukuthi alimale ngokukhanya okungadingekile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuboneni okucacile.

Ikuphi i-choroid? Ibukeka kanjani?

I-choroid itholakala ngemuva kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zebhola lethu lamehlo. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, itholakala ngaphansi kodonga olumhlophe lwangaphandle lweso (esilubiza ngokuthi i-sclera) nangaphezulu kwe-retina, okuyingqimba yokuthola ukukhanya ngemuva kweso. Ubukhulu be-choroid bungahluka kusuka kumamilimitha angu-0.1 (mm) kuya cishe ku-0.22 mm. Okusho ukuthi, cishe ubukhulu bephepha elivamile lokuphrinta.

Ngokuphathelene nokubonakala kwe-choroid, iyindawo egcwele imithambo yegazi . Futhi, inombala omnyama ngenxa ye-melanin equkethe. Into emangalisayo ukuthi, njengesikhumba sethu, i-choroid ingaba nezibazi zokuzalwa noma amabala ajwayelekile (abizwa ngokuthi i-nevi). Lokhu akubonakali kithi ngaphandle. Abantu abaningi bathola kuphela ukuthi banazo lapho udokotela wamehlo ehlola amehlo abo.

Yiziphi izimo ezingathinta i-choroid?

Ngeshwa, kunezifo eziningana ezingathinta i-choroid. Lokhu kungabangelwa izinto ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezifweni zesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi kuya ezifweni zokuvuvukala. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ubu-Albinism : Ukuntuleka kwe-melanin pigment kungabangela izinkinga zokubona kanye nokuzwela ukukhanya.
• Izimo zokuzalwa (ezalwe ngesikhathi sokuzalwa) : Isibonelo, izifo ezifana ne-choroideremia zingalimaza i-retina.
• I-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela .
• Ukwanda kwemithambo yegazi kanye nokuwohloka kwe-macular (ikakhulukazi isimo sayo esimanzi).
• Umdlavuza wamehlo : ikakhulukazi i-melanoma yangaphakathi kweso.
• I-ischemia yamehlo : Lokhu ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi eliya esweni. Isibonelo, isifo sohlangothi samehlo.
• I-glaucoma ibangela umonakalo kumthambo we-optic kanye ne-retina .
• Ukulimala kwamehlo .
• Izifo zokuvuvukala : Izimo ezifana ne-uveitis noma i-chorioretinitis.

Uma kunenkinga nge-choroid, yiziphi izimpawu ezingavela?

Uma unesifo esihilela i-choroid, ungase ube nezimpawu ezithile. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Amabala amnyama embonweni (ama-Scotomas) noma amaphutha ensimu yokubona.
• Umbono ofiphele .
• Ukubona okuphindwe kabili (i-Diplopia).
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo.
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda.
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya (amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) (i-Photophobia)
• Ukubona okuphansi.

Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha!

Kunezimpawu ezithile ezibonisa isimo esibucayi noma esiphuthumayo . Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Lezi yizimpawu ezidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo:

* Isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangelwa ubuhlungu/ukucindezeleka kwamehlo.

* Ukubona izindandatho ezinombala wothingo zizungeze ukukhanya.

* Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo nganoma iyiphi indlela .

* Ukukhanya okungazelelwe phambi kwamehlo (Photopsias).

Uma uzizwa kanje, sicela ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha .

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezitholakalayo ukuthola izinkinga nge-choroid?

Uma uya kohlolwa amehlo njalo, udokotela wamehlo angabona izinguquko ku-choroid ngezingqimba ezincane ze-retina, noma aqonde isimo se-choroid ngezinguquko ku-retina uqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezivivinyo eziningana ezikhethekile ezingasiza ekuhloleni i-choroid nokuxilonga izifo ezihlobene nayo. Lezi yizi:

• Ukuhlolwa kokubona kahle : Lokhu ukuhlolwa kokubona ukuthi ubona kahle kangakanani.
• Ukuhlolwa kwensimu yokubona kanye nokuqonda okujulile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesibani esinqunyiwe : Ukuhlolwa kweso nge-microscope ekhethekile.

Ngenxa yokuxhumana kokujikeleza kwegazi phakathi kwe-choroid ne-retina, ezinye izivivinyo ezihlola i-retina zingasiza ekutholeni isimo se-choroid. Isibonelo:

• I-angiography ye-fluorescein
• I-angiography eluhlaza ye-Indocyanine
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza udokotela wakho ukuba aqonde kangcono isimo samehlo akho.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo ezithinta i-choroid?

Ezimweni eziningi, kunokwelashwa okuncane okuthinta ngqo i-choroid. Esikhundleni salokho, isimo esiyisisekelo esithinta i-choroid siyaphathwa . Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokwelapha zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngesimo. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ukwelashwa kwe-Albinism : Njengoba i-albinism iyisifo esibangelwa ufuzo, ayinakwelashwa ngqo. Ukwelashwa kuhloswe ukunciphisa izimpawu.
• Imithi yokulwa ne-glaucoma : Le mithi inciphisa ingcindezi engaphambili kweso futhi ivimbela umonakalo ezakhiweni ezise-choroid nasezizungezile.
• Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala : Le mithi inciphisa ukuvuvukala. Inganikezwa iso ngendlela ehlelekile noma ngokuqondile.
• Imithi yokulwa nemithambo yegazi endothelial growth factor (VEGF) : Le mithi yokulwa ne-VEGF ivimbela ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha.
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza: Njengezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, umdlavuza wamehlo ungadinga ukwelashwa njengokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe.
• Imithi esiza/ethuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi : Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinto eziningi, njengemithi yokunciphisa igazi (ama-anticoagulant) kanye nemithi elawula umfutho wegazi.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwamehlo : Ezinye izimo ezithinta i-choroid zidinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze zilungiswe.

Kuye ngesimo sakho esiyisisekelo, kungase kuphakanyiswe okunye ukwelashwa. Udokotela wakho wamehlo noma omunye umhlinzeki wezempilo angakutshela okwengeziwe ngalezi zindlela zokwelapha futhi akusize ukhethe okulungele wena.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine i-choroid yethu iphilile?

Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze ugcine amehlo akho ephilile, okuhlanganisa nempilo ye-choroid yakho. Okubaluleke kakhulu kulezi ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo . Lokhu kusebenza kuwo wonke umuntu, hhayi nje kulabo abagqoka izibuko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto ongazenza yilezi:

• Gqoka isivikelo samehlo . Uma wenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi, gqoka izibuko zokuphepha noma izibuko zelanga ezenzelwe lowo msebenzi ngqo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma usebenza ngothuli noma ngamakhemikhali.
• Gwema ukusebenzisa i-nicotine . Ukubhema, ukufutha i-vape, nokuhlafuna ugwayi konke kungathinta uhlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi, okungalimaza namehlo akho.
• Lawula izimo ezingamahlalakhona . Uma unesifo esingathinta amehlo akho kanye/noma uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi, njengesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukuphatha leso simo kahle kungasiza ekuvimbeleni noma ekubambezeleni ukulimala okwengeziwe emehlweni akho.
• Nakekela impilo yakho iyonke . Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo nokudla okunempilo kokubili kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo yamehlo engcono kakhulu.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngithemba ukuthi usuyiqonda kangcono i-choroid esikhulume ngayo namuhla.

Khumbula, i-retina yakho yiyo ebona ukukhanya bese ikuguqula kube izimpawu ezibonakalayo ezithunyelwa ebuchosheni bakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-retina idinga ukunikezwa kwegazi okuhlala njalo, okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-choroid yakho iwukunikezwa kwegazi okuyinhloko kwi-retina yakho kanye ne-optic nerve. I-choroid iyasiza futhi ekuphatheni ukukhanya okungena emehlweni akho. Lokhu kwenza kube lula nge-retina ukucubungula lokho kukhanya kahle.

I-choroid ingase ingaziwa njengezinye izingxenye zeso. Kodwa iyingxenye ebalulekile futhi ebaluleke kakhulu yokubona kwethu . Empilweni yakho yansuku zonke, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze unakekele impilo ye-choroid yakho - kanye namehlo akho ewonke. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukucabanga ngokunakekela amehlo akho, akunjalo?

'I-Choroid, impilo yamehlo, i-retina, i-optic nerve, i-melanin, izifo zamehlo, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo