Uma ubheka iso lakho esibukweni, kukhona ingxenye ecacile, egobile ebukeka njengengilazi ngaphambili, akunjalo? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-cornea. Njengefasitela lemoto, lokhu kufana nesivikelo esivimba izinto ezifana nothuli namagciwane ukuthi zingangeni emehlweni ethu. Futhi, ukuma kwale cornea kubaluleke kakhulu kithi ukuze sikubone kahle.
I-cornea itholakala phambi kwegumbi eligcwele uketshezi ngaphakathi kweso ('igumbi elingaphambili'). Eceleni kwayo kukhona iris kanye nomfundi. Ingxenye emhlophe yeso ezungeze i-cornea ibizwa ngokuthi i-sclera. Njengoba i-cornea iyisivikelo sokuqala seso lethu, ingalimala kalula ngezingozi nokulimala. Kodwa into emangalisayo ukuthi i-cornea ingaziphulukisa ngokushesha okukhulu, ngisho nasekulimaleni okuncane.
Ziyini izingqimba ze-cornea?
Cabanga nje ukuthi le cornea encane inezendlalelo eziyisithupha (6) ezibekwe phezu komunye nomunye. Njengengilazi eqinisiwe, lezi zendlalelo zisebenza ndawonye ukuqinisa i-cornea.
- I-Epithelium: Lolu ungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu lwe-cornea. Lusebenza njengodonga, luvimbela amagciwane nothuli ukuthi kungangeni esweni. Lolu ungqimba luzwela kakhulu ebuhlungwini. Kuthiwa lunezinzwa zobuhlungu eziphindwe izikhathi ezingu-300-600 lapha kunesikhumba sethu. Yingakho ngisho nechashaza elincane lokungcola lingabangela ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki emehlweni ethu. Lokho kuzwela kuvikela amehlo ethu.
- Ingqimba kaBowman: Lolu ungqimba oluqinile olwenziwe nge-collagen. Lusiza i-cornea ukuthi igcine isimo sayo.
- I-Stroma: Lolu ungqimba olukhulu kakhulu lwe-cornea. Alugcini nje ngokuqinisa i-cornea, kodwa futhi lusiza ekuvimbeleni ukukhanya okungena esweni futhi lukugxilise ngokunembile ku-retina.
- Ingqimba ka-Pre-Descemet (PDL): Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "ingqimba ka-Dua." Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi lokhu kuyisithiyo esinamandla ngisho nomoya ongeke udlule kuso. Empeleni lokhu kuyingqimba entsha, eyatholakala ngo-2013.
- Isendlalelo sikaDescemet: Lolu ungqimba oluncane, olunwebekayo, kodwa oluqinile ngendlela emangalisayo. Lubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni ingaphakathi leso ekulimaleni nasekuthelelekeni.
- I-Endothelium: Lolu ngqimba lunesibopho esikhulu sokugcina ibhalansi yoketshezi ngaphakathi kwe-cornea. Lulawula inani lamanzi adingekayo ukuze i-stroma isebenze kahle.
Izifo nezinkinga ezivame ukuthinta i-cornea
Nakuba i-cornea iyisivikelo samehlo ethu, ingaba sengozini yezifo ezahlukahlukene, ukulimala, kanye nezifo.
- Iso elomile:I-epithelium, okuwungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu lwe-cornea, idinga ukudabuka ukuze isebenze kahle. Izinyembezi zithambisa iso futhi zisize ukuthi limunce umoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni. Amehlo omile abuhlungu futhi angaphazamisa ukubona.
- Ukutheleleka: Uma kukhona umonakalo ebusweni be-cornea, amagciwane - okuhlanganisa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, kanye nezinambuzane - angangena kalula futhi abangele ukutheleleka.
- I-Keratitis: Ukutheleleka, izingozi, nezinye izifo kungabangela ukuthi i-cornea ivuvuke, ibomvu, futhi ibe buhlungu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-keratitis.
- Ukulimala: Njengefasitela lemoto, i-cornea ingonakaliswa izinto zangaphandle. Lokhu kungabangela imihuzuko, ukuqhekeka, kanye nezilonda.
- Umonakalo wendawo: Ukubanda okukhulu, ukushisa, amakhemikhali (uketshezi noma igesi), kanye nemisebe ye-UV kungalimaza i-cornea.
- Izifo Zesakhiwo (i-Dystrophies): Ezinye izifo zibangela ushintsho esimweni nasesimweni se-cornea. Lezi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-'corneal dystrophies'. I-Keratoconus kanye ne-Fuchs' dystrophy yizifo ezimbili ezinjalo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lezi zimo?
Izinketho zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngenkinga ye-cornea. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okufaneleka kakhulu esimweni sakho.
- Ukwelashwa Okulula: Uma ukoma okuncane noma ukungakhululeki emehlweni, udokotela wakho angase ancome okuthile okufana namaconsi amehlo alula.
- Imithi: Kusetshenziswa imithi, ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezifana nokutheleleka. Lokhu kungafika ngesimo samaconsi amehlo noma amafutha okugcoba, noma njengamaphilisi owaphuzayo.
- Ukupeyinta amehlo: Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ucelwe ukuthi ufake ipeyinta yamehlo ukuze uvikele iso lakho kuze kube yilapho i-cornea iphola.
- Ukuhlinzwa nge-laser: Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa lokulungisa umbono. Lapha, kusetshenziswa umsebe we-laser ukushintsha ukuma kwe-cornea. I-LASIK uhlobo lokuhlinzwa olwaziwayo.
- Ukuhlinzwa Kwamehlo: Kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe umonakalo ku-cornea noma kulungiswe izimo ezithile zezokwelapha.
- Ukufakelwa kwe-cornea: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-cornea ingaba namafu noma ingakwazi ukugoba ukukhanya kahle. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-cornea eyonakele kungadingeka isuswe bese kufakelwa i-cornea enempilo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu, ngaphandle kokuzelapha izinkinga zamehlo.
Ungayivikela kanjani i-cornea yakho ezingozini?
“Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha,” basho. Lokho kuyiqiniso ngokuphelele emehlweni ethu. Ukugqoka izibuko zokuphepha noma izibuko kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela i-cornea ezingozini. Le nto encane ingavimbela umonakalo omkhulu ongenzeka ngomzuzwana.
Qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka izibuko zokuphepha ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi:
- Uma usebenza ngemishini namathuluzi: Ngisho noma usebenzisa amathuluzi amancane ekhaya, kubalulekile uma usebenza ngento efana nomshini wokugaya noma wokubhoboza.
- Uma usebenza engadini: Uma usika utshani noma usebenzisa i-chainsaw, amatshe amancane, uthuli, kanye nezingcezu zotshani kungangena emehlweni akho.
- Uma usebenzisa amakhemikhali: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa ngokucophelela kangakanani imikhiqizo yokuhlanza indlu efana ne-bleach kanye ne-toilet cleaner, isengangena emehlweni akho.
- Uma usebenza ngomlilo nokushisa okukhulu: Vikela amehlo akho entuthwini nasekushiseni okuvela emlilweni.
- Ngesikhathi udlala: Kwezemidlalo kudlalwe ngebhola elihamba ngokushesha, njengekhilikithi, ithenisi, kanye nehoki.
- Uma ubhekene nokukhanya kwelanga okweqile: Uma usebhishi noma endaweni eneqhwa, imisebe ye-UV ebonakala emanzini naseqhweni ingashisa i-cornea. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-photokeratitis . Sebenzisa izibuko zelanga ezivikela kahle i-UV.
Wenzani uma kukhona okungena esweni lakho?
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi uma into efana nechashaza lothuli noma uthuli ingena esweni lakho. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzenze nokungafanele uzenze.
| ✔️ Izinto okufanele uzenze | ❌ Izinto okungafanele zenziwe |
|---|---|
| Okokuqala, geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho. | Ungalokothi uhlikihle amehlo akho. Lokhu kungaklwebha i-cornea. |
| Hamba phambi kwesibuko ubone ukuthi kukhona yini okungaphakathi kweso lakho. | Ungasondezi izinto ezibukhali (ama-tweezers, izinti) eduze kwamehlo akho. |
| Hlanza amehlo akho njalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile, afudumele. | Ungazami ukususa into ebhajwe ngaphakathi ngesandla. |
| Uma into ingaphumi noma uma kukhona ubuhlungu, ukubomvu, noma ukubona okufiphele, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze (ETU). | Ungasebenzisi noma yimaphi amaconsi amehlo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela. |
Uma unalezi zimpawu, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha!
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungazinaki. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.
- Ukushintsha kombono: ukubona okukabili, ukubona okufiphele, ukubona okuphambene.
- Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo.
- Umuzwa wokuthile okunamathele esweni (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyabonakala noma cha).
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo.
- Ukunisela amehlo njalo (i-epiphora).
- Ukungakwazi ukubuka ukukhanya (i-photophobia).
- Ukubomvu noma ukuvuvukala kwamehlo.
- Ukushaywa iso.
- Isilonda esibonakalayo, ukuklwebheka, noma ukusikeka ebusweni beso.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-cornea yakho iyisivikelo esibaluleke kakhulu esweni lakho. Ibalulekile futhi ekuboneni kwethu.
- Ukugqoka izibuko zokuphepha lapho usebenza ngemishini, amakhemikhali, kanye nokudlala imidlalo ethile kungavimbela izingozi eziningi.
- Uma kukhona okungena esweni lakho, ungalokothi ulihlikihle. Hlanza ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Uma inkinga iqhubeka, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bamehlo, ukubona okufiphele, noma ukubomvu okukhulu. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesimo esibucayi.
- Gcina amehlo akho ephilile, geza izandla zakho njalo, gwema ukuthinta amehlo akho, futhi uhlolwe amehlo njalo .
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