Ingabe ingane yakho iphenduka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? Ingabe yisifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cyanotic? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Ingabe izindebe, ulimi, kanye neminwe yengane yakho ngezinye izikhathi iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? Noma uzizwa sengathi inenkinga yokuphefumula noma ilahlekelwa ingqondo ngokushesha? Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungabangelwa inkinga encane ngenhliziyo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo senhliziyo esikhona lapho izalwa. Odokotela babiza lesi sifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) . Kalula nje, yisimo senhliziyo esenza umzimba ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ngakho-ke, siyini lesi sifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cyanotic?

Kalula nje, "isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso" sibhekisela kokunye noma ngaphezulu okungajwayelekile, noma amaphutha, enhliziyo akhona lapho kuzalwa. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu:

1. Isifo Senhliziyo Esibangelwa Yi-Cyanotic Congenital (CCHD): Lesi yisimo lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo owanele emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi isifo senhliziyo esibucayi esizalwa naso . Lapho umntwana ezalwa nalesi simo, isikhumba sakhe singase sibonakale siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cyanosis . Lo mbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ubangelwa ukungatholi umoya-mpilo owanele emzimbeni.

2. Isifo Senhliziyo Esibangelwa Ukungakhuli: Kulolu hlobo lwesifo senhliziyo, inani lomoya-mpilo elifinyelela wonke umzimba alithinteki kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umntwana akaphenduki abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Namuhla sikhuluma kakhulu ngohlobo lokuqala, okuyisifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cyanotic heart disease (CCHD).

Lesi sifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cyanotic siwuthinta kanjani umzimba?

Uyazi, imizimba yethu idinga umoya-mpilo ukuze isebenze kahle. Njengoba nje imoto idinga uphethiloli ukuze isebenze. Esifweni senhliziyo esibangelwa yi-cyanotic, umzimba awutholi umoya-mpilo owudingayo. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwesakhiwo, noma amaphutha, enhliziyweni kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufa.

Cabanga ngakho, igazi lethu lithwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Inhliziyo ipompa leli gazi emzimbeni wonke. Manje, kwenzekani uma igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lingena emzimbeni ngenxa yenkinga yenhliziyo? Yilokho okwenzekayo kulesi simo.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Emhlabeni wonke, cishe izingane ezingu-8 noma ezingu-9 kwezingu-1,000 ezizalwa ziphila zinezifo zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo. Kulaba , cishe ama-25%, noma cishe ingxenye yesine, banalesi simo (i-CCHD) . Ngakho-ke, nakuba lokhu kungavamile kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuthi siqaphele.

Yimaphi amaphutha angenzeka nge-`CCHD`?

Isifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cyanotic singahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Nakuba lawa ngamagama ezokwelapha kancane, ngizowachaza kalula.

1. Izilonda zenhliziyo ezivimbayo kwesobunxele (izilonda zenhliziyo ezivimbayo kwesobunxele)

Lezi ziphazamiso zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo zinciphisa inani legazi eligeleza lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke (okubizwa ngokuthi 'ukugeleza kwegazi okuhlelekile'). Izibonelo zalokhu zifaka:

• I-Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS):Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uhlangothi lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo lungakhuli kahle. Cabanga ukuthi uhlangothi lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo, ingxenye eyinhloko epompa igazi emzimbeni, luncane kakhulu. Khona-ke alukwazi ukupompa igazi elanele emzimbeni.
• I-Aortic Arch Ephazamisekile: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-aorta, umthambo wegazi oyinhloko othwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni, ingaphelele. Kufana nepayipi lamanzi eliphuka phakathi.

2. Izilonda zenhliziyo ezivimbayo ngakwesokudla

Lokhu kukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho kunciphisa inani legazi eligeleza lisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini (okubizwa ngokuthi 'ukugeleza kwamaphaphu'). Igazi liya emaphashini ukuze lithathe umoya-mpilo. Ngakho-ke, ukunciphisa lokhu kuyinkinga. Izibonelo zalokhu:

• I-Pulmonary Atresia (PA): I-valve yamaphaphu, ethwala igazi lisuka ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo liye emaphashini, ifana nomnyango. Kulesi simo, i-valve ayakheki kahle noma ivaliwe.
• I-Tricuspid Atresia: I -valve ye-tricuspid iyi-valve ephakathi kwamakamelo amabili (i-atrium ne-ventricle) ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo. Kulesi simo, i-valve ayisebenzi kahle. I-flap enkulu yezicubu ivimba ukugeleza kwegazi kusuka ku-atrium yesokudla kuya ku-ventricle yesokudla.
• I-Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF): Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso (CCHD). Lubonakala ngokuba khona kweziphambeko ezine zenhliziyo.

3. Ukuxuba izilonda

Lolu uhlobo lwesithathu lwe-``(CCHD)``. Lokhu kukhubazeka kwenhliziyo kubangela ukuthi igazi eliya emaphashini (igazi elinomoya-mpilo ophansi) kanye negazi eliya emzimbeni (igazi elinomoya-mpilo ophezulu) lihlangane. Izibonelo zalokhu zifaka:

• Ukuguqulwa Kwemithambo Emikhulu (TGA): Kulesi simo, imithambo yegazi emibili eyinhloko ephuma enhliziyweni (umthambo oyinhloko wamaphaphu kanye ne-aorta) iyashintshwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi aligelezi lapho kufanele ligeleze khona. Lesi yisimo sesibili esivame kakhulu ngemva kwe-CCHD.
• Ukubuya Kwemithambo Yemithambo Ephelele Yamaphaphu (i-TAPVR): Kumntwana one-TAPVR, igazi elinomoya-mpilo elivela emaphashini aligelezi ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo njengoba kufanele. Kunalokho, igazi ligeleza ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo.
• I-Truncus Arteriosus: Kulesi simo, kukhona umthambo wegazi owodwa kuphela oyinhloko esikhundleni semithambo yegazi emibili ehlukene ethwala igazi emzimbeni nasemaphashini.

Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, odokotela bayakubona futhi bayakwelapha. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ungase ube nalesi simo.

Yiziphi izimbangela zesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso esibizwa ngokuthi i-cyanotic congenital heart disease?

Ososayensi abakakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela i-CCHD, kodwa amanye amacala ahlotshaniswa nalokhu:

• Ama-chromosome angavamile.
• Izakhi zofuzo.
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha umama angase abe nazo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Isibonelo, isifo sikashukela, i-phenylketonuria (isifo segazi), ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, noma ukutheleleka ngegciwane.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-'CCHD'?

Izimpawu ze-CCHD zivame ukuvela emavikini ambalwa okuqala okuphila , kodwa zingase zingabonakali kuze kube yilapho ingane isencane. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi (i-Cyanosis): ikakhulukazi izindebe, ulimi, kanye neminwe.
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo (i-Tachypnea).
• Inhliziyo esheshayo (i-Tachycardia).
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu.
• Umsindo wenhliziyo ongajwayelekile (Ukukhala kwenhliziyo): Lo msindo uzwakala lapho udokotela elalele nge-stethoscope.
• Ukungaphumuli njalo noma ukulala ngokweqile, ukungabi nandaba `(Ukucasuka noma ukudinwa)`.
• Ukwehla kwamazinga omoya-mpilo emzimbeni.
• Ukwanda kwesisindo kwenzeka kancane kancane.
• Ukujuluka noma ukukhala ngesikhathi uncelisa.
• Izingane ezindala zingase zibe nobunzima bokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okubuthakathaka.

Uma ingane yakho inesinye salezi zimpawu noma ngaphezulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha .

Isifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cyanotic sitholakala kanjani?

Ngezinye izikhathi, i-CCHD ingatholakala ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe . Uma ukuhlolwa okuvamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (i-ultrasound yengane) kubonisa inkinga enhliziyweni yengane, udokotela angase acele i -echocardiogram yengane . Lokhu kuhilela ukudlulisa idivayisi ekhethekile esiswini sikamama noma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane ukuze kuthathwe izithombe ezinemininingwane zenhliziyo yengane.

Ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana, isinyathelo sokuqala sokuxilonga i-CCHD ukuhlolwa kwe-pulse oximetry . Lokhu ukuhlolwa okulula, okungenabuhlungu okusebenzisa izinzwa ukukala amazinga omoya-mpilo emzimbeni. Lokhu kungenye yezivivinyo ezijwayelekile ezenziwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana akhishwe esibhedlela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezengeziwe:

• I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kuthatha izithombe zengaphakathi lesifuba ukuhlola ukukhubazeka kwesakhiwo. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ingane inenkinga yenhliziyo noma yamaphaphu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hyperoxia (inselele ye-oxygen): Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza odokotela ukuthi banqume ukuthi ingane inenkinga ye-CCHD noma yamaphaphu. Izinga le-oxygen egazini lengane liyalinganiswa ngenkathi iphefumula umoya ojwayelekile wegumbi, bese iphinda futhi ngemva kwemizuzu eyi-10 ye-oxygen engu-100%.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG noma i-ECG): Lokhu kulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo.
• I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola olusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasound ukuthatha izithombe zama-valve namagumbi enhliziyo.

Iphathwa kanjani i-CCHD?

Izinsana eziningi ezine-CCHD zidinga ukwelashwa ukuze ziphile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen: Kunikeza i-oxygen eningi kunaleyo etholakala emoyeni ovamile wegumbi.
• I-Prostaglandin E1: Lokhu kukhulula imisipha ebushelelezi yenhliziyo futhi kuvule i-ductus arteriosus (umthambo wegazi okhethekile). Lokhu kusiza ukugeleza kwegazi.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ukuze kulungiswe amaphutha enhliziyweni noma kushintshwe indlela igazi eligeleza ngayo.

Odokotela banquma ngalezi zindlela zokwelapha ngokusekelwe esimweni somntwana kanye nohlobo lwesifo senhliziyo.

Ingabe i-CCHD ingavinjelwa?

Ososayensi abakakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela isifo senhliziyo esibangelwa yi-cyanotic, ngakho-ke azikho izindlela eziqinisekisiwe zokusivimbela. Kodwa ngokuvamile kubalulekile ukuthi umama ahlale ephilile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, alawule izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, futhi agweme izidakamizwa.

Liyini ikusasa lezingane ezinesifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cyanotic?

Izinsana ezinesifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cyanotic zidinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze zisinde. Noma kunjalo, izinga lokufa liphakeme kancane. Cishe ama-75% ezinsana ezine-CCHD ziphila unyaka owodwa, kanti cishe ama-69% aphila iminyaka eyi-18 .

Ngenxa yamazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo emzimbeni kanye nokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwe nakho, izingane ezine-CCHD zingase zibe sengozini yalokhu:

• Ukulibaziseka kokukhula.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo (i-Arrhythmia).
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuma kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe.
• Isifo sohlangothi.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zingozi zingalawulwa kakhulu ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokulandelela .

Yiziphi izinto okudingeka uzazi uma uphila nesifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cyanotic?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ine-CCHD, udokotela wakho uzovame ukuncoma okulandelayo:

• Thola yonke imijovo yakho: Lokhu kungakusiza ekuvikeleni kwezinye izifo.
• Hamba uyohlolwa njalo futhi ulandelelwe njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho wenhliziyo.
• Zivikele ezifweni ezifana ne-Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka okuhle futhi uhlale kude nabantu abagulayo.
• Thatha ama-antibiotics ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwamazinyo (lokhu kufanele kwenziwe njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho).

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi noma ukwethuka, nokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela ngqo. Imithi yesimanje inezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zezimo ezinjalo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isifo senhliziyo esibangelwa yi-Cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) yisimo lapho isikhumba somntwana siphenduka sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo esibangelwa yisifo senhliziyo esincishiswa umoya-mpilo ojikeleza emzimbeni wonke.

• Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu zakuqala. Uma ingane yakho iphenduka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, inobunzima bokuphefumula, noma ilahlekelwa ingqondo ngokushesha, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Kunezivivinyo ezingabona lesi simo ngaphambi noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa .
• Izinsana eziningi ezine-CCHD zidinga ukwelashwa nge-oxygen kanye nokuhlinzwa ukuze ziphile.
• Ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokuqashwa kwezokwelapha isikhathi eside, laba bantwana banethuba lokuphila impilo evamile ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Awuwedwa. Njengomzali, ungase ube nobunzima ngokomzwelo lapho ubhekene nesimo esifana nalesi. Funa usizo kodokotela, emndenini, futhi uma kudingeka, ezinsizakalweni zokwelulekwa.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Ngifisela ingane yakho ukululama okusheshayo!

Isifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi i - Cyanotic, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho, i-CCHD, ukudabuka kwengane, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo, ukuswela umoya-mpilo, isifo senhliziyo sabantwana