Njengomama noma ubaba, omunye wemithwalo yemfanelo yakho emikhulu ukuvikela ingane yakho ezifweni. Ngakho-ke esinye sezikhali ezinhle kakhulu esinazo kulokhu ukugoma. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngomunye umuthi wokugoma obaluleke kakhulu okufanele wonke umuntu awuqaphele. Lowo umuthi wokugoma i-diphtheria. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa leli gama. Ake sibone ukuthi liyini nokuthi kungani libalulekile.
Yisiphi isifo esiyi-diphtheria?
Kalula nje, i-diphtheria iyigciwane elibangelwa amagciwane. Uma leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni wethu, lithinta kakhulu ikhala lethu nomphimbo. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ingaphakathi lomphimbo nekhala litheleleke kakhulu bese liqala ukuvuvukala. Cabanga nje, kwakheka uqweqwe olujiyile nolumpunga ngaphakathi komphimbo. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima nokuphefumula.
Lokhu akufani nomphimbo obuhlungu ojwayelekile. I-Diphtheria yisimo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ngisho nokuphila uma singelashwa ngokushesha.
Lesi sifo manje asivamile emazweni athuthukile. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu izinhlelo zokugoma eziphumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lesi sifo singakaqedwa emhlabeni, kubalulekile kithi sonke ukuthola lo muthi wokugoma futhi sizivikele. ESri Lanka, lo muthi wokugoma unikezwa nezingane ngaphansi kohlelo lokugoma lukazwelonke.
Kungani umuthi wokugomela i-diphtheria ubalulekile kithi?
Umuntu angase acabange, "Uma lesi sifo singasavamile kangaka manje, kungani sidinga ukuthola umuthi wokugomela?" Kunezizathu eziningana.
- Ukuvikela ezinkingeni ezinkulu: I-Diphtheria ayigcini nje ngomphimbo obuhlungu. Lokhu kutheleleka kungaholela ezimweni ezimbi njenge-pneumonia (ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu ), ukwehluleka kwamaphaphu, kanye nomonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa kanye nokukhubazeka . Kubikwa ukuthi cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi othola i-diphtheria uyafa. Ngakho-ke lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula.
- Ukuvikela umphakathi wonke: Cabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani ukube iningi labantu emphakathini bethola lo muthi wokugomela. Khona-ke ukusabalala kwalesi sifo kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye bekuzoqedwa kakhulu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "ukuzivikela komhlambi." Ngisho nezinsana ezincane ezingenakugonywa, noma lezo ezingenakugonywa ngenxa yezinye izimo zezokwelapha, zingavikelwa ngale ndlela.
Ngakho-ke, ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-diphtheria kuyindlela engcono kakhulu newukuphela kwayo yokuzivikela.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zemithi yokugomela i-diphtheria ezikhona?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokugoma enikezwa ukuvikela i-diphtheria. Ayikho neyodwa yale mithi yokugoma enikezwa i-diphtheria kuphela. Yimithi yokugoma ehlanganisiwe esivikela nakwezinye izifo. Uma ubheka ikhadi lokugoma lengane yakho, uzokwazi ukubona la magama.
| Uhlobo lomjovo | Izifo ezivikelwe | Inikwe bani? |
|---|---|---|
| I-DTaP | I-Diphtheria, i-Tetanus, kanye ne-Pertussis | Kwabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala |
| I-DT | I-Diphtheria ne-Tetanus kuphela. | Izingane ezisesimweni esikhethekile lapho umuthi wokugomela ukukhwehlela ungenakunikezwa khona |
| I-Tdap | I-Diphtheria, i-Tetanus, kanye ne-Pertussis | Kwabantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-7 ubudala, intsha kanye nabantu abadala |
| I-Td | I-Diphtheria ne-Tetanus kuphela. | Njengomthamo "wokukhuthaza" wabantu abadala |
Iyini isimiso sokuthola umuthi wokugoma?
Le mithi yokugoma kufanele inikezwe ngeminyaka ehlukene. Kungase kube nokwehluka okuncane kulolu hlelo ngokusho koHlelo Lukazwelonke Lokugoma eSri Lanka, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukulandela ikhadi lokugoma lengane yakho kanye nemiyalelo yesisebenzi sezempilo somndeni wakho. Uhlelo oluvame ukunconywa emhlabeni wonke lumi kanje.
Kwabantwana abancane (umuthi wokugomela i-DTaP)
Ingane encane kufanele ithole imithamo emi-5 yomjovo we-DTaP.
- Uma unezinyanga ezimbili ubudala
- Uma unezinyanga ezine ubudala
- Uma unezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala
- Phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-15 nezingu-18 ubudala
- Phakathi kweminyaka engu-4 nengu-6 ubudala
Kwabantwana asebekhulile kanye nomama abakhulelwe
Izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka eyi-11-12 zinikezwa umthamo wokuqinisa womuthi wokugomela i-Tdap.
Kubalulekile ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bathole umuthi wokugomela i-Tdap phakathi nekota yesithathu yokukhulelwa ngakunye. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-antibodies akhiqizwa emzimbeni kamama adlulela enganeni, avikele umntwana ezifweni ezifana nokukhwehlela okukhulu ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokuzalwa.
Kwabantu abadala
Njengabantu abadala, sonke kufanele sithole umjovo we-Td noma we-Tdap booster njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 . Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela isimungumungwane.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma uphuthelwa umthamo wokugoma?
Ungakhathazeki, "O, ingane yami ayikwazanga ukugonywa ngosuku oluhleliwe." Uma lokho kwenzeka, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela womndeni wakho noma isisebenzi sezempilo somndeni ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uthole iseluleko. Bazokunikeza usuku lokugonywa okulandelayo.
Uma uphuthelwe umjovo wakho wokukhulisa weminyaka eyi-10 usemdala, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuwuthola ngesikhathi sakho esilandelayo sokubonana. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ulimale futhi unesikhumba esiphukile (njengebala lokugqwala), udokotela wakho uzokubuza ukuthi ugcine nini ukuthola umjovo wakho wokugcina we-tetanus. Uma ungakhumbuli, bavame ukukunikeza umjovo we-Td ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze nje uhlale uphephile.
Ubani okungafanele athole umuthi wokugomela i-diphtheria?
Nakuba lo muthi wokugoma ngokuvamile uphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, odokotela banquma ukuhlehlisa noma ukungawunikezi umuthi wokugoma ezimweni ezithile ezikhethekile.
Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezinye zezimo ezilandelayo, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthola umuthi wokugoma.
- Uma uke waba nokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba nomjovo we-diphtheria wangaphambilini.
- Uma une-allergy enkulu kunoma yiziphi izithako ezikulowo muthi wokugoma.
- Uma uke waba nobuhlungu obukhulu, ukuvuvukala, umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-40.5°C (105°F), noma ukukhala okuqhubekayo amahora amaningi ngemva kokugomela i-diphtheria ngaphambilini.
- Uma unesifo sesimiso sezinzwa (isib. ukuxhuzula) noma i-Guillain-Barré syndrome (isimo esingavamile lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sihlasela khona imizwa).
- Uma uhlushwa isifo esivamile njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ngosuku lokugonywa (ezimweni ezinjalo, umjovo uzonikezwa ngemva kokululama).
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yomuthi wokugoma?
Iningi labantu alibi nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kungase kube nokungakhululeki okuncane kwesikhashana. Lokhu kuvame ukunyamalala ngokuphelele phakathi namahora ambalwa noma usuku noma amabili.
- Ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ubuhlungu endaweni yokujova
- Ubuhlungu bomzimba
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele ( Ukukhathala )
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Isifiso sokudla
- Umkhuhlane omncane
- Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
Lezi yizimo ezivamile. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane iba nomkhuhlane omkhulu, izimpawu ezinkulu zokungezwani komzimba (ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso), noma iziphatha ngendlela engajwayelekile ngemva kokugonywa, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha noma uMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Diphtheria iyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu, esingaba yingozi kakhulu, kodwa singavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokugoma.
- Umuthi wokugomela i-diphtheria (i-DTaP, i-Tdap) uwumuthi wokugomela ophephile kakhulu futhi osebenzayo. Uhlinzeka ngesivikelo esingaphezu kuka-95%.
- Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ithola yonke imijovo yayo ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Landela imiyalelo yesisebenzi sezempilo somndeni wakho kanye nodokotela.
- Njengomuntu omdala, kufanele uthole nomjovo wokuqinisa i-pertussis kanye ne-diphtheria (Td/Tdap) njalo eminyakeni eyi-10.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nomuthi wokugoma, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngawo.
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