Sonke siyazi ukuthi ezinye izimo zempilo ziyenzeka emindenini. Bese kuba nezinye izifo okunzima kakhulu ukuzilawula, ngisho nangemithi noma ukuhlinzwa okungcono kakhulu. Cabanga nje ukube bekukhona indlela yokuya ngqo empandeni yenkinga bese uyilungisa ngokushintsha izakhi zofuzo emzimbeni wakho. Leso yisithembiso ngemuva kokwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo. Nakuba kuseyinsimu entsha, kubhekwa njengenye yezindlela ezithokozisayo kakhulu kwezokwelapha zanamuhla.
Kuyini ngempela ukwelapha ngezakhi zofuzo?
Kalula nje, ukwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo kuyindlela yezokwelapha esebenzisa izinto zofuzo ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha izifo. Ngokwesiko, sithembele emithini, amaphilisi, amasiraphu , imijovo, noma ukuhlinzwa. Ekwelashweni ngezakhi zofuzo, odokotela bangathinta ukwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo zakho ukuze balungise imbangela eyisisekelo yesifo.
Cabanga ngomzimba wakho njengesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Amapulani asetshenziswa ukwakha yizakhi zofuzo zakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, kuba nephutha elincane noma iphutha kupulani yokuqala, okungaholela ezimweni ezithile zempilo. Ukwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo kuhlose ukulungisa leyo pulani enephutha ngokuthi:
- Ukunciphisa amaprotheni abangela izifo: Uma izakhi zofuzo ezithile zingasebenzi kahle, zingase zikhiqize amaprotheni ayingozi. Le ndlela ingawuvala noma iwunciphise ngempumelelo lowo mkhiqizo.
- Ukwandisa amaprotheni awusizo: Ngezinye izikhathi umzimba wakho uyehluleka ukukhiqiza amaprotheni anele adingekayo. Ukwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo kungakunikeza imiyalelo yokubuyisela amazinga anempilo amaprotheni.
- Ukudala amaprotheni amasha noma aguquliwe: Le ndlela ingahlela ngisho nomzimba wakho ukuthi ukhiqize amaprotheni amasha akwazi ukulwa nezifo ezithile.
Isebenza kanjani emzimbeni wakho?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale ngezinto eziyisisekelo. Iseli ngalinye emzimbeni wakho line-nucleus equkethe ama-chromosome , enziwe nge -DNA . I-DNA yakho igcina lonke ulwazi olunquma izici zakho, njengombala wezinwele zakho, umbala wamehlo, nokuphakama.
Izingxenye ezithile zale DNA zibizwa ngokuthi izakhi zofuzo . Cabanga nge-DNA yakho njengencwadi yokupheka enkulu, lapho izakhi zofuzo ziyiresiphi eyodwa. Lezi zakhi zofuzo zinikeza imiyalelo yokwakha amaprotheni, abalulekile emisebenzini yomzimba wakho—njengoba nje iresiphi inikeza imiyalelo yokubhaka ikhekhe.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuguga, ukuchayeka ebuthi bemvelo, noma ukumane ubuzuze kubazali bakho, kungenzeka izinguquko zofuzo noma ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Kufana nokubhala iphutha kuleyo ndlela yokupheka; umphumela wokugcina (ikhekhe/iphrotheni) uphuma ngendlela engalungile. Lelo "phutha" livame ukuba yimbangela yezifo eziningi.
Ukwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo akwelaphi nje izimpawu; kuhlose ukulungisa iphutha langempela lezakhi zofuzo elabangela lesi sifo kwasekuqaleni.
Yiziphi izimo ezisetshenziswa namuhla yi-Gene Therapy?
Izindlela eziningi zokwelapha ngezakhi zofuzo zisesesigabeni socwaningo, esaziwa ngokuthi izivivinyo zemitholampilo. Ososayensi bazihlola ngokuqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziphephile futhi ziyasebenza. Izindawo ezigxile ocwaningweni lwamanje zifaka:
- Umdlavuza
- Izifo ze-retinal nezinye izimo zokubona
- Izifo ezithile zofuzo ezizuzwe njengefa
- I-HIV /AIDS
Kodwa-ke, sekuvele kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha izakhi zofuzo ezivunyelwe yi-FDA, okusho ukuthi akuseyona nje into yesikhathi esizayo. Isibonelo:
- I-Luxturna®: Ukwelashwa okwenziwa kanye kuphela kubantu abanezinkinga zamehlo ezizuzwe njengefa eziholela ekulahlekelweni kokubona .
- I-Zolgensma®: Ivunyelwe ukwelapha i-Spinal Muscular Atrophy, isimo esibi esithinta izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zalokhu kwelashwa?
Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokwelapha ngezakhi zofuzo. Ake sizihlole:
| Indlela | Indlela esebenza ngayo |
|---|---|
| Ukwengezwa Kwezakhi Zofuzo | Ikhophi enempilo yesakhi sofuzo ifakwa emaseli lapho isakhi sofuzo sokuqala sonakele noma singekho. Cabanga ngakho njengokuletha umshini omusha sha, osebenzayo ukuze uthathe indawo yaso esiphukile. |
| Ukuthulisa Izakhi Zofuzo | Le ndlela imisa ukusebenza kwezakhi zofuzo ezibangela izifo. Kufana nokuthulisa umuntu onikeza imiyalelo engalungile. |
| Ukuhlela Izakhi Zofuzo | Indlela ethuthuke kakhulu, lapho izingxenye ezithile ze-DNA 'zisikwa' noma zilungiswa. Kufana nokususa iphutha kudokhumenti bese ubhala igama elifanele. Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-CRISPR/Cas9 busetshenziswa lapha. |
Lezi zakhi zofuzo zingena kanjani emzimbeni?
Izakhi zofuzo ezinempilo azikwazi ukungena nje emaseli akho zodwa. Zidinga imoto yokulethwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-vector . Cabanga ngezakhi zofuzo njengephakheji, kanye ne-vector njengesevisi yokuthumela izincwadi ehambisa iphakheji ekhelini elifanele (iseli lakho).
Ososayensi bavame ukusebenzisa amagciwane njengezinto ezibangela izifo. Ungase uzibuze, "Ingabe igciwane ngeke lingigulise?" Kule nqubo, ososayensi basusa zonke izingxenye eziyingozi zegciwane, ezibangela izifo, bashiye kuphela ikhono lalo lemvelo lokungena emaseli. Bese befaka isakhi sofuzo esinempilo ngaphakathi bese besifaka emzimbeni.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokulethwa:
1. Ebuchosheni: Ivektha equkethe isakhi sofuzo ifakwa ngqo emzimbeni wakho.
2. I-Ex vivo: Amanye amangqamuzana akho (isib. amangqamuzana egazi) ayasuswa, izakhi zofuzo zifakwa kulawo maseli elebhu, bese amangqamuzana aguquliwe afakwa emzimbeni wakho.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi?
Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, kunezinzuzo ezingaba khona kanye nezingozi okufanele uzicabangele.
| Izinzuzo | Izingozi |
|---|---|
| Ithemba Elisha: Linikeza izinketho zokwelapha ezingaba khona zezimo ezazibhekwa njengezingelapheki ngaphambilini. | Azikho Iziqinisekiso: Njengoba kuyinsimu ekhulayo, impumelelo ayiqinisekisiwe, futhi imiphumela emibi engalindelekile ingase ivele. |
| Ukwelashwa Kwembangela Eyinhloko: Kuhlose imbangela eyisisekelo yezakhi zofuzo kunokuba kumane kufihlwe izimpawu. | Inqubo Eyinkimbinkimbi: Ukwethula izakhi zofuzo zangaphandle ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela impendulo engadingeki yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. |
| Ukungenelela Kwasekuqaleni: Ukwelapha izimo kusenesikhathi kungavimbela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka emzimbeni. | Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside: Ngenxa yokuthi lo mkhakha musha, imiphumela yesikhathi eside eminyakeni eminingi isacwaningwa. |
Ingabe kufanele ngikhulume nodokotela wami ngalokhu?
Uma wena noma ilungu lomndeni linesifo esizuzwe njengefa, umdlavuza, noma isimo sempilo esinzima ukusilawula, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uxoxe ngaso nodokotela wakho .
Nakuba ukwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo kungeyona indlela ejwayelekile yokwelapha, ukuhlala unolwazi ngentuthuko yezokwelapha yomhlaba wonke kubalulekile. Lokhu kungaba ukwelashwa okujwayelekile esikhathini esizayo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungenzi izinqumo zomuntu siqu zezokwelapha ngokusekelwe ekusesheni kwe-inthanethi. Hlala ufuna iseluleko kudokotela wakho. Bangachaza ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha eziphephile, ezifanele kakhulu, futhi ezitholakalayo njengamanje ngesimo sakho esithile.
Kuzothatha isikhathi ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe buvuthwe ngokugcwele, kodwa kusobala ukuthi isayensi yezokwelapha isebenza ngokungakhathali ukuthola izixazululo ngisho nezifo ezimbi kakhulu. Lokho kuwumthombo omkhulu wethemba kithi sonke.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo kuyindlela entsha yokwelapha izifo ngokushintsha izakhi zofuzo zomzimba.
- Ihlose ukwelapha imbangela yesifo kunokuphatha izimpawu nje kuphela.
- Inamandla amakhulu okwelapha izimo ezinzima njengomdlavuza kanye nezinkinga zofuzo.
- Okuningi kwalokhu kusesesigabeni sokucwaninga, futhi kuza nezinzuzo kanye nezingozi.
- Uma unesifiso sokwelashwa kwesimanje, kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole iseluleko esiqondene nawe.
Ukwelashwa kwezakhi zofuzo, i-DNA, izakhi zofuzo, izifo ezizuzwe njengefa, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, okwakamuva kwezokwelapha
