Ake sifunde nge-Geographic Atrophy, ethinta umbono wakho buthule.

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi umbono wakho uyancipha kancane kancane, ikakhulukazi uma ubheka phambili, futhi isikhungo sokubona kwakho singacacile, njengendawo emnyama? Ingabe ukuthola kunzima ukufunda incwadi noma iphephandaba, noma ukubona izinto ebumnyameni? Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma nge-Geographic Atrophy, isifo samehlo esingaba khona kwabanye abantu asebekhulile. Ungakhathazeki, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Kuyini i-Geographic Atrophy?

Kalula nje, i-Geographic Atrophy yigama lezokwelapha lesigaba esibi kakhulu, sokugcina sokuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala (i-AMD), isifo esithinta amehlo njengoba sikhula. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngokuwohloka kwe-macular. Yilapho i-macula , ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-retina engaphakathi kwamehlo ethu, yonakala khona.

Cabanga ngakho, izinto ozibona ngokucacile uma ubheka phambili, njengezinhlamvu encwadini, noma ubuso bomuntu, zonke ziyizinto i-macula esisiza sizibone ngokucacile. Ngakho-ke, lapho kwenzeka i-Geographic Atrophy, umbono ophakathi othinteka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, umbono ongaphandle, noma izinto ezibonakala emaceleni, zisengabonakala.

Lesi simo sivame ukuthinta amehlo womabili (ngamacala amabili). Umuntu one-geographic atrophy angase abe nebala elimnyama (i-scotoma) phakathi neso lapho ebheka phambili, futhi ubukhali bokubona bungancipha.

Ivame kangakanani i-Geographic Atrophy?

Kuthinta abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-8 emhlabeni jikelele. I-Geographic Atrophy ingathinta abantu abangafika ku-20% abane-age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Ngakho-ke, akuyona into engavamile kangako.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Geographic Atrophy?

Kulesi simo, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukulahlekelwa ukubona kahle : Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, izinto ziya ngokuya zingacaci futhi zibukhali.
• Ubunzima bokufunda, ukushayela, nokwenza umsebenzi wezandla : Kungaba nzima ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi odinga ukubona okuqondile. Izinto ezifana nokufunda umbhalo omncane ephephandabeni, ukubuka ithelevishini, noma ukufaka intambo enalitini kungaba nzima.
• Indawo emnyama, noma indawo engaboni, embonweni wakho ophakathi: Yindawo kuphela oyibona imnyama, njengendawo engenalutho.
• Ubunzima bokubona ekukhanyeni okuphansi : Kusihlwa, izinto azibonakali kahle ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuphansi.
• Imibala iba buthuntu noma ingabonakali ikhanya kakhulu : Izinto ezazibukeka kahle ngombala ngaphambili zingase zibonakale zibuthuntu futhi zishintshe umbala.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-Geographic Atrophy yisimo esenzeka ekupheleni kokuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala. Ngakho-ke, ungase ungaboni zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala , noma ungase ungaboni mehluko omkhulu uma iso elilodwa kuphela lithintekile.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-Geographic Atrophy?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lesi yisigaba sokugcina se-dry AMD. Abacwaningi abasazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela ukuthi lezi zinguquko ngaphakathi kweso zikhule zibe yi-geographic atrophy. Kodwa-ke, bacabanga ukuthi inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-complement cascade , eyingxenye yesimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela , ihilelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inqubo ethile ohlelweni lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu ingase ingasebenzi kahle futhi ibe negalelo kulo monakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zofuzo (okungukuthi, izinto ezidluliselwa esizukulwaneni kuya esizukulwaneni) kanye nezici zemvelo nazo zingadlala indima.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuwohloka kwendawo akusona isifo esithathelwanayo . Awukwazi ukusidlulisela komunye umuntu.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-geographic atrophy?

Nakuba lesi simo singakhula kunoma ubani, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Abantu abaneminyaka engama-60 noma ngaphezulu.
• Abantu abamhlophe (nakuba lokhu kungabalulekile kangako eSri Lanka, kuhle ukukwazi).
• Abantu abanamehlo akhanyayo.
• Uma othile emndenini wakho enokukhubazeka kwe-macular okuhlobene nokuguga noma ezinye izimo zofuzo ezithinta amehlo.
• Abantu ababhemayo noma abake babhema esikhathini esidlule.
• Abantu abadla ukudla okungenayo izithelo nemifino eminingi, ikakhulukazi imifino eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, babaluleke kakhulu empilweni yamehlo.
• Abantu abachayeke kakhulu elangeni.
• Abantu abanombono ongu-20/200 noma ngaphezulu (umbono ojwayelekile ubhekwa njengo-20/20).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezifana nalezi:

• Ukungondleki kahle
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• I-cholesterol ephezulu
• Isifo Sikashukela (i-Diabetes Mellitus)`
• Isifo senhliziyo se-coronary

Yiziphi izinkinga ze-Geographic Atrophy?

Ngeshwa, ukulahlekelwa umbono ngenxa yokuwohloka kwendawo kuhlala njalo . Uma usulahlekelwe umbono wakho oqondile, kungaba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke efana nalokhu:

• Ukufunda izincwadi.
• Ukushayela.
• Ukuqaphela ubuso babantu.
• Ukwenza izinto ozithandayo, imisebenzi yasekhaya, noma imisebenzi yezandla evamile.

Lokhu kungenza impilo ibe nzima kancane, kodwa kunezindlela zokukusiza ukuthi ubhekane nesimo.

I-Geographic Atrophy ihlolwa kanjani?

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzohlonza lesi simo ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo kanye nezinye izivivinyo. Udokotela uzophinde akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, noma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezimo ezifanayo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ngalokhu?

Ukuze ahlole i-geographic atrophy, udokotela wakho wamehlo angase acele ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu:

• I-Fundus autofluorescence : Lena indlela yokuthatha izithombe ze-retina engaphakathi kweso. Kulokhu, izinto ezithile ku-retina, njenge- lipofuscin , ziyakhanya ngaphansi kokukhanya okukhethekile ngaphandle kwesidingo samaconsi eso. Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni izindawo ezinomonakalo.
• I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Lena futhi indlela engangenisi umthelela yokuthatha izithombe ze-retina. Isebenzisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Ithatha ingxenye evundlile ye-retina futhi ingabona ubukhulu bomonakalo.
• I-Microperimetry : Lena yindlela yokuhlola insimu yakho yokubona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungabona ukuthi ubona kude kangakanani nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini amabala amnyama embonweni wakho.
• I-Multifocal electroretinography : Kulolu vivinyo, ukukhanya kukhanya ku-retina yakho bese umsebenzi kagesi ophendulayo ulinganiswa.

Uma lezi zivivinyo zizwakala ziyinkimbinkimbi kancane, ungakhathazeki. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela konke.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-Geographic Atrophy?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) isanda kuvuma imithi emibili okokuqala ngqa yokwelapha i-geographic atrophy. I-pegcetacoplan (SYOFOVRE™) kanye ne -avacincaptad pegol (IZERVAY™). Le mithi ingasetshenziswa ekuvimbeleni ukuqhubeka kwe-geographic atrophy. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzoyijova le mithi esweni lakho kanye ngenyanga noma njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho wamehlo angase asikisele ezinye izindlela zokuphatha ukuwohloka kwendawo, njenge:

• Ukuvuselelwa kokubona : Ungadinga izinsiza ezibonakalayo, njengezibuko ezikhethekile noma izibuko zokukhulisa, ukuze zikusize wenze imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.
• Isengezo se-AREDS2Izithasiselo ze-AREDS2: Lezi zithasiselo ze-antioxidant zahlolwa ku-Age-Related Eye Disease Study. Abanye odokotela bazisebenzisa ukwelapha i-AMD eyomile. Ifomula yokuqala ye-AREDS1 yayihlanganisa i-beta-carotene kanye nalezi zithako. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi i-beta-carotene ihlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu ababhemayo, i-AREDS2 ihlanganisa ne -lutein , i-zeaxanthin, i-vitamin E, i-zinc oxide , kanye ne-cupric oxide.
• I-IMT (i-IMT) encane engatshalwa: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ilensi yemvelo yeso lakho ngokuhlinzwa bese uyifaka esikhundleni sale teleskopu encane. Le divayisi ikhulisa izinto ngokubona ngqo futhi izigxilise kwezinye izindawo ze-retina ezisasebenza kahle.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Ngenxa yokuthi imijovo emisha i-Pegcetacoplan kanye ne-Avacincaptad pegol isemisha kakhulu, ochwepheshe basafunda ukusebenza kwayo kanye nezingozi zayo. Njengamanje, imiphumela emibi elandelayo iyaziwa ukuthi iyenzeka:

• Ubuhlungu bamehlo.
• Ukopha kwegazi okumhlophe kweso (i-Subconjunctival hemorrhage).
• Ukuvela kwama-floaters oketshezini olungaphakathi kweso (i-vitreous humor).
• Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi yeso.

Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu bese ukhetha ukwelashwa okukulungele.

Ingabe i-Geographic Atrophy ingavinjelwa?

Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ngokuphelele ukuwohloka kwendawo, njengoba ukuwohloka kwe-macular okubangelwa ukuguga okubangela lokhu kungenakuvinjelwa.

Noma kunjalo, ungazama ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yalokhu. Lokho kusho ukunaka izici eziyingozi ezingashintshwa esingazishintsha. Asikwazi ukushintsha izinto ezifana nobudala nohlanga. Noma kunjalo, ungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho ngokwenza lezi zinto:

• Akubhemi. Uma ubhema, zama ukuyeka.
• Ukulawulwa okuhle kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukukhuluphala kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezinamalensi aphuzi ukuze uvikele amehlo akho uma uphuma elangeni.
• Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha ezifanele emsebenzini, lapho udlala imidlalo, noma wenza izinto ozithandayo.
• Kufanele ulandele ukudla okunempilo kanye nohlelo lokuzivocavoca. Faka ikakhulukazi imifino eluhlaza, amakhambi, nezithelo ekudleni kwakho.

Kwenzekani uma ngine-Geographic Atrophy?

Ngokuvamile, umbono wabantu abane-geographic atrophy awumuhle kakhulu maqondana nombono. Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo sithinta umuntu ngamunye ngendlela ehlukile. Ukwelashwa okusha kulethe ithemba.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-Geographic Atrophy ayisona isifo esibulalayo futhi ngeke ithinte isikhathi sakho sokuphila.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaki. Tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko emehlweni akho noma ekuboneni.

Uma uzwa ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo noma ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma uya kudokotela, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe nginesifo samehlo esibizwa ngokuthi i-geographic atrophy noma esinye isifo samehlo?
• Yiziphi izivivinyo okudingeka ngizenze?
• Ingabe ngiyafaneleka ukuthola imithi emisha yokwelapha ukuwohloka kwendawo?
• Kufanele ngihlolwe amehlo kangaki?
• Ngingakwazi yini ukuhlanganyela esivivinyweni somtholampilo?
• Yiziphi izinguquko emehlweni ami okufanele ngiziqaphele?
• Ungangisiza yini ukuthola izinsizakalo ezisekelayo ezingangisiza?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kuhle ukuthi kunezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha i-geographic atrophy nokuthi ucwaningo luyaqhubeka. Kodwa-ke, kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma uthola ukuthi unesifo esingathinta unomphela umbono wakho.

Ungakhathazeki. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokutshela okwengeziwe ngalesi simo, lokho ongakulindela, kanye nokwelashwa okungcono kakhulu okuzokusiza ukuthi usilawule. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho futhi uhlolwe amehlo njalo . Futhi, ukwesekwa komndeni wakho kuzoba usizo olukhulu ngalesi sikhathi.

Ukuwohloka Kwendawo , Ukonakala Kwe-Macular Okuhlobene Nobudala, i-AMD, i-Macula, Impilo Yamehlo, Ukulahlekelwa Ukubona, Izifo Zamehlo