Kwenzekani esihlungini sakho sezinso? Ake sifunde ngesifo se-Glomerular!

Wake wazizwa sengathi ukhipha umchamo onegwebu? Noma uzizwa uvuvukele kancane ebusweni bakho nasemahlweni uma uvuka ekuseni? Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yenkinga yesistimu yokuhlunga encane ezinso zethu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-glomeruli. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Glomerular Disease.

Iyini Isifo se-Glomerular?

Kalula nje, i-Glomerular Disease yisifo esibangelwa yizimo ezithile ezithinta i-glomeruli, inethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emincane ezinso zethu, okuyi-'filtering units' yezinso. La ma-glomeruli yiwo ahlunga imfucuza egazini lethu futhi asuse uketshezi oluningi. Ngakho-ke, uma la ma-glomeruli onakele futhi engakwazi ukusebenza kahle, siwubiza ngokuthi i-Glomerular Disease.

Izifo nezimo eziningi zingalimaza la ma-glomeruli. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ukuchaza lo monakalo:

• I-Glomerulonephritis: Lokhu ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala kwe-glomeruli.
• I-Glomerulosclerosis: Lokhu kuwukuqhekeka noma ukuqina kwe-glomeruli.

Isifo se-Glomerular singalimaza izinso zakho, futhi kwezinye izimo, size siholele ekuhlulekeni kwezinso . Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Zenzani lezi glomeruli ezinso zethu?

Cabanga ngalokhu: izinso zethu zifana nezihlungi ezimbili eziyinhloko emizimbeni yethu. Lezi zitho ezimbili ezimise okwebhontshisi zitholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomgogodla wethu, ngaphansi nje kwekheji lethu lezimbambo.

Igazi lingena ezinso zethu ngemithambo yegazi. Uma selingaphakathi ezinso, le mithambo yegazi iyahlukana futhi igazi ligeleza liye kunethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emincane efana ne-mesh ebizwa ngokuthi i-glomeruli. I-glomerulus ngayinye (igama elilodwa) ixhunywe emgudwini omncane wokuqoqa uketshezi, obizwa ngokuthi i-tubule . Sibiza le yunithi eyodwa ye-glomerulus kanye ne-tubule ngokuthi i-nephron . Kuthiwa kune-nephron engaba yisigidi enjalo enso eyodwa. Ungacabanga ngesimiso esibucayi kangaka!

I-glomeruli esebenza kahle igcina amangqamuzana egazi namaprotheni ohlelweni lwegazi. Ngoba yilokho umzimba wethu okudingayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-glomeruli ihlunga imfucuza namanzi engeziwe bese ithumela lolo ketshezi kuyi-tubule. Yilokho okwakheka kamuva njengomchamo. Ngemuva kwalokho umchamo udlula ngamapayipi amakhulu abizwa ngokuthi ama-ureter bese uqoqana esinyeni.

Kwenzekani ekusebenzeni kwezinso lapho kuvela isifo se-glomerular?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi kwenzekani uma lesi sifo se-Glomerular siqala. Lesi sifo silimaza i-Glomeruli. Ngemuva kwalokho azikwazi ukusebenza kahle.

Okufanele kwenzeke ukuthi amaprotheni namaseli abomvu egazi agcinwe egazini. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zalezi zinto ziqala ukuvuza emchameni ovela ku-glomeruli eyonakele. Omunye wemisebenzi yeprotheyini egazini, njenge -albumin , ukudonsa uketshezi oluthe xaxa emzimbeni lungene egazini bese lusiza ukuthi luhlungwe yizinso futhi lukhishwe njengomchamo. Ngakho-ke, lapho inani leprotheyini egazini lehla, lolu ketshezi oluthe xaxa luqala ukuqongelela emzimbeni. Yingakho izindawo ezifana nobuso, izandla, imilenze, isisu, namaqakala zivuvukala.

Futhi, ama-glomeruli alimele awakwazi ukuhlunga imfucuza kahle. Bese leyo mfucuza iqala ukunqwabelana egazini. Lokhu akukuhle nhlobo emzimbeni.

Yiziphi izimbangela zesifo se-Glomerular?

Kunezimbangela eziningana ezingaba khona zesifo se-Glomerular. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• Ukutheleleka, umuthi noma ikhemikhali eyingozi ezinso zakho, noma ngisho nomuthi esiwuphuzayo kungathinta izinso.
• Izifo ezithinta umzimba wonke, okuhlanganisa nalezo ezithinta izinso. Isibonelo , isifo sikashukela noma i-lupus .
• Izifo ezibangela ukuvuvukala noma izibazi ze-nephron noma i-glomerulus.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kungenzeki ukuthola isizathu. Kunezikhathi ezinjalo.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo se-Glomerular?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo. Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kufanele ukhathazeke:

• Umchamo onegwebu: Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona iphrotheni emchameni wakho. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i -proteinuria .
• Umchamo opinki noma onsundu okhanyayo: Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona igazi emchameni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hematuria .
• Ukuvuvukala okuzungeze ubuso/amehlo (ikakhulukazi ekuseni), izandla, izinyawo, noma amaqakala (ikakhulukazi ekupheleni kosuku). Lokhu kuvuvukala kubizwa ngokuthi i-edema .
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension).

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela futhi ucele iseluleko.

Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo ngokunembile?

Uma uya kudokotela, bazoqala bakubuze ngezimpawu zakho bese bekuhlola ngokucophelela. Bese benza izivivinyo ezithile, ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa komchamo:Lokhu kuhlola izinga lamaprotheni emchameni, ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, nokuthi izinga lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi linjani (lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala).
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kuhlola amazinga aphansi amaprotheni egazini, amazinga e -creatinine (anikeza umbono wokusebenza kwezinso), kanye namazinga e-urea nitrogen (umkhiqizo ongcolile). Futhi kubalwa i-Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) , okuyisilinganiso sokuthi izinso zakho zihlunga kahle kangakanani imfucuza.

Uma lezi zivivinyo zelebhu zibonisa ukuthi izinso zakho zonakele, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe:

• Okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlola izifo noma izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba .
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-ultrasound kungahlola noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka ngesimo noma usayizi wezinso.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezinso: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu ezinso usebenzisa inaliti bese uyibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kuzosiza ekutholeni ukuthi yini ngempela engalungile.

Izimo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokwelashwa okubangela isifo se-Glomerular

Izifo eziningi zingadala i-Glomerular Disease. Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukuthola imbangela eyisisekelo bese uyelapha, uma kungenzeka. Lokhu kungavimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe ezinso. Manje ake sibheke ezinye zezifo eziyinhloko ezibangela i-Glomerular Disease, kanye nezibonelo kanye nokwelashwa.

Izifo Zokuzivikela Ezizenzakalelayo

Lezi yizifo lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela khona umzimba wakho. Lezi zifo zingathinta wonke umzimba, noma zingathinta izitho ezithile zomzimba kuphela. Nazi ezinye izifo ezithinta izinso:

• I-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-lupus): Lesi sifo sokuzivikela komzimba singathinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba. Uma sithinta izinso, sibangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-lupus nephritis . Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwe-glomeruli. Lokhu kuvuvukala kubangela izibazi nezinso ukuthi ziyeke ukusebenza kahle. Ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba njenge- Mycophenolate Mofetil noma i-Cyclophosphamide , kanye ne -corticosteroid ebizwa ngokuthi i-Prednisolone .
• Isifo sikaGoodpasture:Lesi sifo sokuzivikela komzimba sihlasela izinso namaphaphu. Ezinso, sibangela i-glomerulonephritis, okuwukuvuvukala kwe-glomeruli. Lokhu kungabangela umonakalo ohlala njalo ezinso. Ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba kanye ne -plasmapheresis (esusa amasosha omzimba ahlasela umzimba wakho) .
• I-IgA Nephropathy: Kulesi sifo sokuzivikela komzimba, i -antibody ebizwa ngokuthi i-Immunoglobulin A (IgA) evela ohlelweni lwakho lokuzivikela komzimba izibeka ku-glomeruli. Lawa ma-depositi abangela ukuvuvukala. Ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi imithi efana ne -Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) noma i-Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) .

I-Nephritis Ezuzwe Njengefa

• I-Alport Syndrome: Lesi yisimo esizuzwa njengefa. Singabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa noma ukubona kanye nesifo se-glomerular esingamahlalakhona. Sithinta kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. Amadoda anamathuba amaningi okuthola isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona. Singatholakala eminyakeni yawo engamashumi amabili. Lapho eseneminyaka engu-40, izinso zingase zingasasebenzi kahle nhlobo. Imithi yokulawula umfutho wegazi iyona yokwelapha.

Isifo se-Glomerular esihlobene nokutheleleka

Ngezinye izikhathi, isifo se-glomerular singakhula ngokushesha ngemva kokutheleleka kwenye indawo emzimbeni.

• I-Acute Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis (PIGN): Lesi sifo se-glomerular senzeka ngemva kokutheleleka komphimbo (Strep throat) noma ukutheleleka kwesikhumba okubizwa ngokuthi i-Impetigo (lokhu akuvamile). Amasosha omzimba akhiqiza ama-antibodies amaningi kunokudingekile ukulwa nokutheleleka. Lawa ma-antibodies ayahamba ayohlala ku-glomeruli futhi awalimaze. Ezimweni eziningi, akukho ukwelashwa okukhethekile okudingekayo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, kungadingeka i-dialysis yezinso noma ukufakelwa kwezinso .
• I-Bacterial Endocarditis: Lokhu ukutheleleka kolwelwesi lwenhliziyo. Abacwaningi abakaqiniseki ukuthi izilonda ezinso zibangelwa ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba ekuthelelekeni noma ngenye indlela yesifo. Ama-antibiotic anikezwa njengokwelashwa.
• Amagciwane: I-Hepatitis B , i-Hepatitis C kanyeIsifo se-glomerular singabangelwa nayizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezithile ezitholakalayo zesifo ngasinye.

Izifo ze-Sclerotic - Izifo ezibangela izibazi

• I-Glomerulosclerosis: Lesi simo siyizibazi (i-sclerosis) ze-glomeruli. I-Lupus nesifo sikashukela ziyizibonelo ezimbili zezifo ezingabangela i-glomerulosclerosis.
• I-Nephropathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela: Lesi yimbangela ehamba phambili yesifo se-glomerular kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso ngokuphelele e-United States. I-nephropathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela ibangela izibazi zezinso futhi inyusa amazinga kashukela. I-glucose ikhulisa ukugeleza kwegazi ezinso, ibeka ingcindezi emsebenzini wokuhlunga we-glomeruli futhi inyuse umfutho wegazi. Ukwelashwa okuvamile kufaka phakathi imithi yokucindezela kwegazi (ikakhulukazi i-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) noma i-angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) ), ukuzivocavoca umzimba, kanye nokudla okunempilo.
• I-Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): Lesi simo sibonakala ngokuqhekeka (ngokuvamile) engxenyeni eyodwa ye-glomerulus. I-FSGS ingabangelwa yisifo esihambisana nohlelo lomzimba noma imbangela engaziwa. Ukwelashwa kuhloswe ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi kanye namazinga e-cholesterol .

Ezinye Izifo Ze-Glomerular

• I-Membranous Nephropathy: Lesi simo sibizwa nangokuthi i-Membranous Glomerulopathy . Siyimbangela yesibili evame kakhulu ye-nephropathy kubantu abadala e-United States, ngemuva kwe-nephropathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela. Sihlotshaniswa nama -antigen/ama-antibodies athile aqondiwe . Lesi simo sihlasela ungqimba lwe-membrane ye-glomeruli. Abanye abantu bayalulama ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Imithi efana ne -angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) , ama-angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) , noma ama-calcineurin inhibitors ngezinye izikhathi iyazanywa.
• Isifo Sokushintsha Okuncane (MCD): Lolu uhlobo lwe-nephropathy. Kulokhu, uma kuhlolwa ku-biopsy yezinso, cishe akukho shintsho esakhiweni se-glomeruli noma izicubu ezizungezile. Ama-lipid (izinto ezinamafutha)Kungase kube nokukhubazeka kwegazi, kodwa akukho ukulimala kwezinso. I-MCD ingakhula kunoma yimuphi ubudala, kodwa ivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukudla okunosawoti omncane kanye nama-ACE inhibitors noma ama-ARB . Ama-steroid avame ukuthuthukisa lesi simo.

Ingabe isifo se-glomerular singadala ukwehluleka kwezinso?

Yebo, uma izinso zakho zingakwazi ukususa udoti egazini lakho, ziyanqwabelana emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kwakheka kungalimaza izinso zakho futhi kubangele ukuthi ziyeke ukusebenza. Lokhu kulahlekelwa ukusebenza kungenzeka ngokuzumayo (okuphuthumayo) noma kancane kancane nangokuqhubekayo (okungapheli). Kuye ngohlobo lwesifo se-glomerular, ukusebenza kwezinso kungalahleka ezinsukwini noma emavikini ambalwa, noma kungathatha amashumi eminyaka ukuthi kuphele kancane kancane.

• Ukwehluleka Kwezinso Okubukhali (i-ARF): Lokhu ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi wezinso ngokuzumayo. I-ARF ingaba yingozi empilweni, futhi i-dialysis ingadingeka njengokwelashwa okuphuthumayo ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwezinso. Kwabanye abantu, umsebenzi wezinso uyabuya ngemva kokuba imbangela yokwehluleka kwezinso iselashwe. Akukho monakalo ohlala njalo. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abalulama ku-ARF bangase babe nesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (i-CKD) .
• Isifo Sezinso Esingapheli (CKD): Lokhu kuwukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kokusebenza kwezinso. Ungase ungabi nazimpawu iminyaka eminingi. Ezinye zezifo ezibangela i-CKD zingalawulwa, kodwa i-CKD ayikwazi ukwelapheka. Uma izinso sezonakele, azikwazi ukulungiswa. I-CKD ingaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso ngokuphelele.
• Ukwehluleka Kwezinso Okuphelele: Okubizwa nangokuthi Isifo Sezinso Sokuphela Kwesigaba (ESRD) . Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinso zakho zilahlekelwe ukusebenza unomphela. Uma unenkinga yezinso ephelele, uzodinga i-dialysis - kungaba i-hemodialysis noma i-peritoneal dialysis - noma ukufakelwa izinso ukuze usinde.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma ngine-Glomerular Disease?

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuhlale kuyizindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuthola imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Umgomo wokwelashwa ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezinso noma ukulawula ukuqhubeka kwazo. Khumbula, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza. Uma umonakalo umkhulu futhi izinso zehluleka, okuwukuphela kwezinketho i-dialysis noma ukufakelwa kwezinso.

Ingabe isifo se-Glomerular singavinjelwa?

Kunezinguquko eziningana zendlela yokuphila ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuthola izifo ezithinta izinso zakho futhi uhlale uphilile. Lezi zinguquko zifaka:

• Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukasawoti; ungafaki usawoti owengeziwe ekudleni.
• Gcina umfutho wegazi lakho ulawulwa. Inhloso ingu-120/80 mmHg.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela, lawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho.
• Thatha yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho njengoba nje uyalelwe, bese ulandela yonke imigomo yokuphatha okuxoxwe ngayo naye.
• Yeka ukubhema.

Akuzona zonke izimbangela zesifo se-glomerular ezingavinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukubona izimpawu zesifo se-glomerular, bona udokotela. Kubalulekile ukuthola izimbangela ezingelapheka bese uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukwelashwa kungasiza ekulawuleni umonakalo ezinso zakho futhi kuvimbele ukuthi ungabi mubi kakhulu.

Iyini i-Nephrosis noma i-Nephrotic Syndrome?

I-Nephrosis, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-nephrotic syndrome, iqoqo lezimpawu. Inani elikhulu lamaprotheni egazini likhishwa emchameni. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi uketshezi luqongeleleke emzimbeni. Izimpawu yilezi:

• Ukuvuvukala (i-edema), ikakhulukazi eduze kwamehlo, imilenze nezingalo.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol.
• Ukwehla kwamazinga amaprotheni egazini.
• Amazinga amaprotheni akhuphukile emchameni.

Umgomo wokwelashwa ukwelapha imbangela eyinhloko, uma kungenzeka. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa:

• Ama-inhibitors e-enzyme aguqula i-angiotensin (ACE inhibitors) noma ama-angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) anikezwa ukulawula umfutho wegazi nokuvimba amaprotheni ukuthi angadluleli emchameni.
• Nciphisa usawoti ekudleni kwakho.
• Ama-diuretics anikezwa ukunciphisa ukugcinwa koketshezi emzimbeni.
• Kunikezwa ama-corticosteroids noma eminye imithi yokuvimbela amasosha omzimba.
• Imithi inikezwa ukwehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol.
• Uma unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba, i-plasmapheresis yenziwa ukususa ama-antibodies ahlasela umzimba wakho.

Uma imbangela eyinhloko ye-nephrosis kuyisifo sezinso, ayinakwelashwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-glomeruli ezinso awasebenzi kahle, ukungcola namanzi kuqongelela egazini. Izinso ziyahluleka ukusebenza. Lapho lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu, ukwelashwa kuba yi-dialysis noma ukufakelwa kwezinso.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu noma izimpawu zesifo se-Glomerular, noma uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko empilweni yakho, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Unganaki ngisho nento encane kakhulu, ngoba uma uthola kusenesikhathi, kuba lula ukwelapha.

Izifo nezimo ezahlukahlukene zingalimaza i-glomeruli ezinso zakho. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela umzimba wakho ukuze ukwazi ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule kulesi sihloko (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, manje usuyaqonda kahle lokho ebesikhuluma ngakho, i-Glomerular Disease. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Isifo se-glomerular yisimo esibangelwa ukulimala kwamayunithi okuhlunga (i-glomeruli) ezinso.
• Qaphela izimpawu ezifana nomchamo okhipha amagwebu, igazi emchameni, ukuvuvukala, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Uma uzibona lezi, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
• Uma unezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzilawula kahle ukuze uvikele izinso zakho.
• Uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa kungalawula umonakalo wezinso. Ngakho-ke ungawanaki noma yiziphi izimpawu.
• Ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla kahle, ukuzivocavoca, nokugwema ukubhema) kusiza ekuvikeleni kulezi zinhlobo zezifo.

Izinso zakho ziyizitho ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wakho. Zinakekele. Uma unezinkinga, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela, kulungile?

Isifo sezinso, Isifo se-Glomerular, Isifo se-Glomerular, Ukuhluzwa kwezinso, i-Glomeruli, Iphrotheni emchameni, Igazi emchameni, Ukuvuvukala komzimba, Umfutho wegazi ophezulu, Ukwehluleka kwezinso, i-Nephrosis