Umfutho wegazi ophezulu emehlweni kadokotela

i-slug: umfutho wegazi ophezulu

UNimal, oneminyaka engu-45 ubudala, weza emtholampilo ekhala ngentamo eqinile kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Wayesaba kakhulu. "Dokotela, ngizoba senkingeni enkulu? Ingabe umthambo ekhanda lami uzoqhuma?" ebuza ngezwi elithuthumelayo. Ngamomotheka ngamthulisa ngokuthi, "Ungakhathazeki, Nimal, ake sihlole umfutho wegazi lami kuqala." Empeleni kuyinto evamile ukwesaba impilo yakho. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalombulali othule emzimbeni wethu: umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Isigameko sangalobo busuku asisoze salibaleka.

Ake ngikuxoxele indaba ekhombisa ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma lokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi umfutho wegazi, kungenza umonakalo ongakanani emzimbeni. Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwami, ngangisebenza esibhedlela esimatasa kakhulu. Ngobunye ubusuku, uNkk. Silva, uthisha wesikole oneminyaka engama-40, wangeniswa ngokungazelelwe ewadini. Wayelahlekelwe ingqondo ngakolunye uhlangothi lomzimba wakhe futhi elele endlini yakhe. Izingane zakhe ezimbili, indodana eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala kanye nendodakazi eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, zazihleli eceleni kukanina wazo, zithukile futhi zingakwazi ukwenza lutho.

Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwekhanda likaNkk. Silva nge-CT scan, sibone into edabukisa kakhulu. Wayehlushwe yisifo sohlangothi ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ayengawulawulanga iminyaka eminingi engazi. Naphezu kwemizamo yethu emihle kakhulu, ngeshwa asikwazanga ukusindisa impilo yakhe. Izingane ezimbili ezingenakuzisiza zalahlekelwa ngunina. Wonke umuntu udinga ukuqonda ukuthi umfutho wegazi awuyona nje inombolo.

Kuyini umfutho wegazi ophakeme?

Inhliziyo yethu ipompa igazi emzimbeni wonke ngemithambo yegazi ebizwa ngokuthi imithambo yegazi. Umfutho wegazi ukucindezela kwegazi okusebenza ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi njengoba lihamba kule mithambo yegazi. Uma ngesizathu esithile lokhu kucindezela kuhlala kuphakeme kunokujwayelekile, sikubiza ngokuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Cabanga ngepayipi oyisebenzisela ukunisela ingadi yakho. Uma umfutho wamanzi uphezulu kakhulu, ipayipi lingavuvukala futhi livuze ezindaweni ezithile noma liqhume, akunjalo? Kwenzeka into efanayo emithanjeni yegazi emizimbeni yethu.

Amanani okucindezela alinganiswa kanjani?

Uma kulinganiswa umfutho wegazi, kutholakala amanani amabili.

• Ukucindezeleka kwe-Systolic (inombolo ephezulu): Ukucindezeleka okwenziwa ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi lapho inhliziyo ishaya.
• Ukucindezeleka kwe-Diastolic (inombolo engezansi): Ukucindezeleka lapho inhliziyo iphumule phakathi kokushaya.

Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa ukuthi amanani omfutho wegazi ahlukaniswe kanjani:

| Izinga lomfutho wegazi | I-Systolic (inombolo ephezulu) mm Hg | I-Diastolic (inombolo engezansi) mm Hg |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Okuvamile | Ngaphansi kuka-120 | nangaphansi kuka-80 |
| Kuphakeme Kancane | 120 - 129 | futhi kungaphansi kuka-80 |
| Isigaba 1 | 130 - 139 | noma 80 - 89 |
| Isigaba 2 | 140 noma ngaphezulu | noma 90 noma ngaphezulu |

> 🚨Inkinga Yomfutho Wegazi Ophakeme:
> Uma ingcindezi iphakeme kuno-180/120 futhi kukhona ubuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma izinguquko embonweni, kufanele ushayele ucingo ngokushesha ku-1990 noma uye esibhedlela esiseduze.

Kungani kwenzeka umfutho wegazi ophakeme?

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme

Lolu uhlobo abantu abaningi abalutholayo. Akukho imbangela eyodwa futhi lukhula kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezingaba nomthelela:

• Izakhi zofuzo: Uma umndeni wakho unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, usengozini enkulu yokuba nawo.
• Ubudala: Ngemva kweminyaka engu-65, ukuguquguquka kwemithambo yegazi kuyancipha.
• Indlela Yokuphila: Ukungazivocavoci umzimba, ukudla usawoti omningi, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nokucindezeleka.

2. Umfutho wegazi wesibili

Lokhu kuyingcindezi ebangelwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuzumayo. Nazi izimbangela:

• Izifo zezinso.
• Izinkinga ze-thyroid.
• Ukuphefumula komoya.
• Imiphumela emibi yamaphilisi athile okuvimbela inzalo noma imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakala lapho ingcindezi ikhuphuka?

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ubizwa ngokuthi "uMbulali Othule" kwezesayensi yezokwelapha ngoba awubonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala zalesi sifo. Abantu abaningi bathola ngakho kuphela uma umfutho wegazi wabo ulinganiswa ngesinye isimo.

Kodwa uma umfutho wegazi wakho uphezulu kakhulu, ungase ube nalezi zimpawu:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu (ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwekhanda).
• Isiyezi kanye nesicanucanu.
• Umbono ofiphele.
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni noma ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Kwenzekani ezithweni zomzimba wethu uma singazilawuli?

Uma umfutho wegazi ungalawulwa, ungalimaza izitho eziningana ezibalulekile emzimbeni:

• Ebuchosheni: Isifo sohlangothi singenzeka uma umthambo wegazi uqhuma.
• Inhliziyo: Ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo iyanda.
• Izinso: Ukunikezwa kwegazi ezinso kuyaphazamiseka, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso.
• Amehlo: Ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi esweni kubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono.

Kuyini i-White Coat Hypertension?

Ezinye iziguli ziyesaba ukuya esibhedlela noma ukubona udokotela. Yingakho ukufundwa komfutho wegazi esibhedlela kuphakeme kunokujwayelekile. Kodwa uma zisekhaya, umfutho wegazi wazo uvamile ngokuphelele. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi "i-White Coat Hypertension". Abantu abanjengalaba bayelulekwa ukuthi balinganise umfutho wegazi wabo ekhaya izinsuku ezimbalwa ekuseni nakusihlwa ukuze bathole ukufundwa okunembile kakhulu.

Ungayilawula kanjani ingcindezi?

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokulawula ngempumelelo umfutho wegazi ophakeme:

1. Ukuthatha imithi enikezwe udokotela

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi yokulawula umfutho wegazi (ama-Beta-blockers, ama-Diuretics, ama-ACE inhibitors, ama-Calcium channel blockers). Udokotela wakho uzokukhetha imithi efanele wena ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho. Khumbula, ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho yomfutho wegazi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.

2. Indlela yokuphila enempilo

• Nciphisa usawoti odliwayo: Yeka ukufaka usawoti owengeziwe ekudleni kwakho. Nciphisa izinkwa, ama-papadum, izithelo ezomisiwe, kanye nama-sauce ngoba aqukethe usawoti omningi.
• Yiba matasa: Zivocavoce, njengokuhamba ngokushesha, imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, okungenani izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto.
• Ukudla: Engeza imifino emisha, izithelo, kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu okuphelele ekudleni kwakho (indlela ye-DASH Diet).
• Yeka ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala: Lokhu kuqinisa imithambo yegazi futhi kwandise umfutho wegazi.

Okumele Ukwenze Nokungafanele Ukwenze Ukuze Unciphise Ingcindezi

| ✔️ Okumele Ukwenze | ❌ Okungamele Ukwenze |
| :--- | :--- |
| Phuza amaphilisi akho omfutho wegazi ngesikhathi esifanele nsuku zonke. | Ungayeki ukuthatha amaphilisi akho ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho. |
| Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kosawoti ngangokunokwenzeka lapho upheka. | Ungadli ukudla okunosawoti okufana nama-pickle, izithelo ezomisiwe, nama-papadum njalo. |
| Kala futhi ubhale phansi umfutho wegazi lakho ekhaya njalo emavikini ambalwa. | Ungesabi futhi wesabe uma ubona umfutho wegazi lakho. |
| Gcina ingqondo yakho izolile ngezindlela ezifana ne-yoga nokuzindla. | Ungaphuzi ikhofi eningi, itiye, noma iziphuzo ezinoshukela. |

Imithombo yesayensi (Izinkomba)

• 📚 Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) - Iziqondiso Zesevisi Yezempilo Kazwelonke (i-NHS)
• 📚 Ukungenelela okuholwa ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ekushintsheni indlela yokuphila yeziguli ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta - PubMed Central (PMC)
• 📚 Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme): Izimpawu Nezimbangela - I-Mayo Clinic

Umyalezo obaluleke kakhulu okufanele uwuthathe uye ekhaya

• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme "ungumbulali othule" ekuqaleni ongabonakalisi zimpawu emzimbeni, futhi uma ungalawulwa kahle, ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi kanye nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo iyanda kakhulu.
• Ukuthatha imithi kadokotela wakho ngesikhathi kanye nokwenza izinguquko ezinhle endleleni yokuphila njengokunciphisa ukudla usawoti, ukulawula isisindo, kanye nokuzivocavoca kungakusiza ukuthi uphile impilo ende nenempilo.
• Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ubudala noma unomlando womndeni womfutho wegazi ophakeme, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlolwe umfutho wegazi okungenani kanye ngonyaka.