Ingabe unezinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol? Ake sixoxe nge-hypercholesterolemia!

Wake wabona izinga le-cholesterol ephezulu ekuhlolweni kwegazi? Noma, ingabe udokotela ukutshelile ukuthi "i-cholesterol yakho embi iphezulu kancane futhi idinga ukulawulwa"? Lokhu kungaba yinto evamile kubantu abaningi. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypercholesterolemia. Kalula nje, lokhu kusho ukuthi izinga le-cholesterol "embi" emzimbeni wakho, okungukuthi i-low-density lipoprotein (LDL - Low-Density Lipoprotein), liphakeme kunokudingekile.

Kuyini i-hypercholesterolemia? Ake siqonde kahle!

Kulungile, ake sichaze kabanzi. I-Hypercholesterolemia yilapho i-cholesterol embi, noma i-cholesterol ethi "LDL", egazini lakho iphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuyisifo samafutha. Lapho i-"LDL" ikhula kanje, lawo mafutha engeziwe aqala ukunqwabelana kancane kancane emithanjeni yakho yegazi, ikakhulukazi izindonga zemithambo yakho yegazi. Kufana nokugqwala okwakheka ngaphakathi kwepayipi lamanzi elidala. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis.

Cabanga nje, lokhu kufana nepayipi lamanzi engadini yakho elivalekile ngothuli namanzi. Uma amafutha eqoqana ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi , lokhu kuvimbela ukuhamba kwegazi.

Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Atherosclerosis," sandisa ingozi yezifo ezinkulu njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi. Eqinisweni, isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi yisona esibangela ukufa emhlabeni, futhi imbangela eyinhloko yilesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Atherosclerosis."

Yiliphi izinga elibhekwa njenge-hypercholesterolemia?

Manje ungase uzibuze, "Izinga lami le-cholesterol kufanele libe phezulu kangakanani ngaphambi kokuba ngifinyelele kulesi simo se-hypercholesterolemia?" Udokotela wakho uzonquma lokhu hhayi ngokubheka izinga lakho le-'(LDL)` kuphela, kodwa nangokuliqhathanisa nezinye izici eziyingozi onazo zokuthuthukisa isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ngokuvamile, lawa amazinga abhekwa njenge-'(LDL)` cholesterol ephezulu:

• Uma kungekho ezinye izinto eziyingozi , izinga le-LDL lingu-190 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu.
• Esinye isici esiyinhloko esiyingozi yizinga eliphezulu le-LDL elingaphezu kuka-160 mg/dL.
• Njengoba kunezici ezimbili eziyingozi, izinga le-LDL lingaphezu kuka-130 mg/dL.

Kuye ngengozi yesifo senhliziyo yakho, odokotela bangase batuse ukugcina izinga le-cholesterol "elibi" (LDL) yakho liphakathi kuka-116 mg/dL nangaphansi kuka-70 mg/dL.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi lezi zinto eziyingozi?

Uma unalezi zinto, usengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo senhliziyo:

• Ubudala: Ingozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme :Uma kukhona umfutho wegazi .
• Umlando womndeni : Uma othile emndenini enesifo senhliziyo esemncane ngenxa ye-atherosclerosis.
• Isifo Sikashukela : Uma une -Diabetes Mellitus.
• I-cholesterol enhle ephansi: Uma izinga le-``HDL - High-Density Lipoprotein`` noma "i-cholesterol enhle" liphansi.

Ingabe i-hypercholesterolemia kanye ne-hyperlipidemia ziyafana?

Cha. Lezi ezimbili zihlukile kancane. I-Hypercholesterolemia uhlobo olulodwa nje lweqembu elikhulu elibizwa nge-hyperlipidemia. Ku-hypercholesterolemia, sigxila kakhulu ekwandeni kwe-cholesterol ethi ``(LDL)``, okungukuthi, i-cholesterol embi. Kodwa-ke, uma sithi ``(Hyperlipidemia)``, ingafaka ukwanda kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamafutha (lipid) egazini, hhayi nje ``(LDL)``.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo?

Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube namazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol "(LDL)" uma:

• Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ubudala.
• Uma ungowokudabuka e-Asia, eNdiya, eFilipino, noma eVietnam.
• Uma ungowesifazane odlule esikhathini sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini.
• Uma kungowesifazane (kwezinye izimo).

Ivame kangakanani i-hypercholesterolemia?

Empeleni lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangamashumi amabili angaba ne-hypercholesterolemia. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu abadala e-United States kubikwa ukuthi banamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol "embi" (LDL). Lesi simo sivamile naseSri Lanka.

Lokhu kuthinta kanjani umzimba wakho?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-hypercholesterolemia ingabangela izinkinga ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Isifo sohlangothi
• Isifo semithambo yenhliziyo (yilokhu okuholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo)
• Isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle (izinkinga ngemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ezingalweni nasemilenzeni)

Ziyini izimpawu?

Nansi ingxenye eyesabekayo. Abantu abaningi abane-hypercholesterolemia abanazo izimpawu. Lokho kusho ukuthi ungaphila kahle, ngaphandle kokungakhululeki, kodwa amazinga akho e-cholesterol angaba phezulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abane-hypercholesterolemia enzima kakhuluUma, ama-cholesterol deposits angavela esikhumbeni ngaphezu kwamajwabu amehlo njengezigaxa eziphuzi (i-Xanthelasma). Noma, kwezinye izicubu ezixhumene, isibonelo, azungeze amalunga emilenze, ama-cholesterol deposits angavela njenge-Xanthoma. Akuvamile ukuthi ama-cholesterol deposits azungeze okumhlophe kweso avele njengendandatho emhlophe (i-Corneal arcus). Kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-hypercholesterolemia?

Kungase kube nezizathu eziningana zalokhu.

• Izakhi zakho zofuzo: Abanye abantu bangase babe nalesi simo esithinta imindeni yabo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-familial hypercholesterolemia.
• Ukudla: Ukudla ukudla okuningi kakhulu okunamafutha agcwele kanye namafutha e-trans (isib. ukudla okunamafutha, ukudla okusheshayo, inyama ethile, imikhiqizo yokubhaka).
• Ukuntuleka kokuzilolonga: Ukuphila ngendlela yokuphila engenamsebenzi omningi womzimba.
• Imikhiqizo kagwayi: Ukubhema kanye nokusetshenziswa kweminye imikhiqizo kagwayi.
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha:
• Isifo sesibindi esivimbayo
• Isifo Sikashukela (i-Diabetes Mellitus)`
• I-Hypothyroidism (i-thyroid engasebenzi kahle)
• I-Anorexia nervosa iyisifo sokudla.
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso okungapheli
• Isifo se-Nephrotic
• Imithi ethile: Isibonelo, imithi ethile efana ne-`(Amiodarone)`, `(Rosiglitazone)`, `(Cyclosporine)`, kanye ne-`(Hydrochlorothiazide)` ingakhuphula amazinga e-cholesterol.

Ungakubona kanjani lokhu?

Ngokuvamile, uma uya kohlolwa ngokomzimba minyaka yonke, udokotela wakho uzokwenza okulandelayo:

• Buza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezimo zempilo zomndeni.
• Uhlola umzimba.
• Kuyelelwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi i-lipid panel. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngemva kokuzila ukudla amahora ambalwa.

Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa okwenziwayo?

Uma udokotela wakho esekhiphe ezinye izimbangela ze-hypercholesterolemia yakho, angase ancome ukuhlolwa kofuzo. Udokotela wakho angase ancome nokuthi amanye amalungu omndeni enze lokhu kuhlolwa, ikakhulukazi uma une-hypercholesterolemia yomndeni.

Iphathwa kanjani?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelapha i-hypercholesterolemia ukwehlisa amazinga akho e-cholesterol "embi" (LDL) nokuvimbela ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningana:

• Ukuzivocavoca okwengeziwe: Okufana nokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukubhukuda okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina isisindo esifanele ubude bakho.
• Ukudla ukudla okunamafutha agcwele: Ukunciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi.
• Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka: Ukuthola izindlela zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
• Ukuthatha imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol: Thatha imithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele.
• Ukugwema imikhiqizo kagwayi: Ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukubhema.
• Ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye namazinga kashukela egazini.
• I-Lipoprotein apheresis: Lokhu kwenzelwa abantu abane-hypercholesterolemia enzima kakhulu. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa umshini ukususa ama-lipoprotein (izinhlayiya zamafutha) egazini lakho bese uwafaka kabusha emzimbeni wakho.

Yini engadliwa futhi engenakudliwa?

Ukuze unciphise inani le-cholesterol "embi" (LDL) egazini lakho, ungenza lezi zinto:

• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Kungcono ukuyeka utshwala ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Yidla izithelo, imifino, ubhontshisi kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu okuphelele okwengeziwe.
• Ukunciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi agcwele: Ukunciphisa ukudla kobisi (njengoshizi, ibhotela), ezinye inyama (ikakhulukazi inyama ebomvu), kanye nokudla okumnandi (njengamakhekhe, amabhisikidi).

Cabanga ngokugcwalisa ipuleti lakho ngemifino nezithelo ezimibalabala. Esikhundleni sokudla okunamafutha, okuthosiwe, khetha ukudla okubilisiwe, okuphekiwe ngomusi, nokuthosiwe. Ngisho noma usebenzisa uwoyela kakhukhunathi, sebenzisa ngokulinganisela.

Yimiphi imithi esetshenziswayo?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi esetshenziswa ukwelapha i-hypercholesterolemia:

• Ama-statin: Lawa asetshenziswa kakhulu.
• Izithibi ze-PCSK9 `(izithibi ze-PCSK9)`
• I-Ezetimibe
• Ama-sequestrant e-bile acid
• I-Niacin
• I-asidi ye-bempedoic `(i-asidi ye-bempedoic)`

Odokotela banikeza neminye imithi ethile kubantu abane-hypercholesterolemia yomndeni.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzuzo zale mithi, le miphumela emibi ivame ukubekezeleleka. Eminye yemiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ihlanganisa:

• Ukuqunjelwa noma uhudo.
• Ubuhlungu emisipheni noma emalungeni.
• Ukungakhululeki esiswini.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu .

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi. Angalungisa umthamo noma akunikeze umuthi ohlukile ofanelana nawe.

Imiphumela ingalindelwa ngokushesha kangakanani ekwelashweni?

Cishe emavikini ayi-8 kuya kwayi-12 ngemuva kokuqala ukuthatha imithi yakho, udokotela wakho uzokwenza olunye ukuhlolwa kwe-lipid panel ukuze abone ukuthi amazinga akho e-cholesterol anciphile yini. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni, udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi kuyadingeka yini ukwandisa umthamo wemithi yakho, ukushintshela komunye umuthi, noma ukwengeza omunye umuthi.

Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi?

Unganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-hypercholesterolemia ngokuphila impilo enempilo:

• Ukuzivocavoca njalo.
• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Ukudla ukudla okunamafutha aphansi.
• Ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi.

Ngokwenza lezi zinto, ungazivikela hhayi kuphela e-cholesterol, kodwa nakwezinye izifo eziningi.

Kwenzekani uma une-hypercholesterolemia?

Uma kutholakala ukuthi une-cholesterol ephezulu ye-LDL, kuyinto okuzodingeka uyiphathe impilo yakho yonke. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Uma usuwenze imikhuba enempilo ibe yingxenye yempilo yakho yansuku zonke, ngeke kudingeke ucabange ngayo kakhulu. Ungaqala ngezinto ezincane. Isibonelo, ukudla ukudla okungenanyama usuku olulodwa ngesonto, noma ukuhambahamba kancane ngemva kwesidlo sakusihlwa nsuku zonke. Uma uya esitolo, khetha ukudla okunamafutha agcwele kanye namafutha e-trans aphansi. Ngaleyo ndlela, uzohlala unokudla okunempilo ekhaya. Futhi, zama ukufaka imifino namakhambi amasha ekudleni kwakho ongakaze ukudle ngaphambili.

Unjani umbono?

Uma ungayilaphi i-hypercholesterolemia yakho, ungaba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Atherosclerosis)` (ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi). Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi. Kodwa-ke, uma ulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, uthatha imithi uma kudingeka, futhi ulawula amazinga akho e-cholesterol `(LDL)`, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi. Izifundo eziningi zezokwelapha zithole ukuthi abantu abaphatha kahle i-hypercholesterolemia yabo banempilo engcono kakhulu.

Uzinakekela kanjani?

Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphathwa kwe-cholesterol kuyinqubo yokuphila konke, udinga ukuqhubeka nokwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila futhi uphuze imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele. Khumbula lezi zinto:

• Zivocavoce izinsuku eziningi ngesonto.
• Gwema imikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele.
• Gwema ukudla okunamafutha agcwele noma amafutha e-trans amaningi.

Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela?

Ungaphuthelwa ukuhlolwa njalo nodokotela wakho. Uzofuna ukwazi:

• Ingabe imithi yakho yokwehlisa i-cholesterol isebenza kahle?
• Ingabe unemiphumela emibi evela emithini yakho?
• Ingabe ulandela izincomo zakhe ngqo?

Uma unemiphumela emibi kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase akushintshele komunye umuthi. Angase futhi afune ukuhlola amazinga akho e-cholesterol njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi angaphakathi kwemingcele evamile.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma uya kudokotela, ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• "Hlobo luni lokuzivocavoca okufanele ngilwenze ukuze ngehlise amazinga ami e-cholesterol?"
• "Ungangincoma uhlelo olungangisiza ngiyeke ukubhema?"
• "Unganginika i-referral yokubonana nodokotela wezokudla ukuze angisize ngokudla kwami?"

Uma izinga lakho le-cholesterol ye-LDL liphezulu, awuwedwa. Lena inkinga evamile abantu abaningi abanayo. Udokotela wakho ungumngane wakho omkhulu ekusizeni ukuthi izinga lakho le-cholesterol ye-LDL libuyele esimweni esijwayelekile. Angancoma izindlela zokukusiza ukwenza lokhu. Uma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zodwa zinganele, ungajoyina izigidi zabantu abathatha imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyikhumbule kulokhu (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho, lezi yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule:

• I-Hypercholesterolemia ukwanda kwe-cholesterol embi (LDL) egazini. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
• Esikhathini esiningi, azikho izimpawu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo.
• Lesi simo singalawulwa kahle ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, kanye nokuyeka ukubhema) kanye, uma kudingeka, imithi njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela .
• Ungakhathazeki. Uma ukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uphatha kahle, ungaphila impilo enempilo.

Ngakho-ke, nakekela amazinga akho e-cholesterol. Hlala uphilile! i-hypercholesterolemia, i-cholesterol, i-LDL, i-HDL, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, ukudla, indlela yokuphila