Wake wazibuza ukuthi yini engenzeka uma umthambo wegazi omncane ebuchosheni bethu uvaleka ngokuzumayo? Yilokho isimo esibi esibizwa ngokuthi i-MCA stroke (Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke) . Leli gama lizwakala liyesabeka kancane, akunjalo? Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Sizoxoxa ngakho konke ngendlela elula ongayiqonda. Kufana nokuba nomngane wakho omkhulu noma ilungu lomndeni elikuchazela okuthile.

Kuyini i-MCA Stroke?

Kalula nje, isifo sohlangothi lwe-MCA yisimo sokukhubazeka okubangelwa ukuvaleka komthambo wegazi ebuchosheni bakho okuthiwa i-Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) . Cabanga ngakho lo mthambo wobuchopho ophakathi ungomunye wemithambo yegazi eyinhloko ehlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni bethu. Ukuze kube sobala, uxhumeka kumthambo we-carotid entanyeni yethu futhi uhlinzeka ngegazi ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ezisisiza sisebenzise izinzwa zethu, sishukumise imizimba yethu, futhi sikhulume. Imivimbo eminingi yenzeka kulo mthambo wegazi obizwa ngokuthi i-MCA.

Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo sohlangothi lwe-MCA senzeka kanjani? Isizathu salokhu ukuthi ihlule legazi libhajwa ngaphakathi kwale mithambo yobuchopho ephakathi. Njengoba nje ucezu lodaka lubhajwa epayipini lamanzi, amanzi ayayeka ukugeleza, lapho lesi sitsha segazi sivalekile, igazi liyayeka ukugeleza liye ezingxenyeni ezifanele zobuchopho. Bese amaseli akulezo zingxenye aqala ukufa. Yilokho okubangela isifo sohlangothi.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi se-MCA?

Kunezimpawu eziningana ze-MCA stroke. Lezi zivame ukuvela ngokuzumayo. Bona ukuthi lezi zimpawu zizwakala zijwayelekile yini kuwe:

• Ubuthakathaka noma ukuba ndikindiki kolunye uhlangothi lobuso noma lomzimba: Ungase uzizwe sengathi olunye uhlangothi lundikindiki. Noma ungase ungakwazi nhlobo ukuhambisa lolo hlangothi.
• Ukulahlekelwa noma ukwehla kokusebenza kwezinzwa ngokuzumayo: Izinzwa ezifana nokubona, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukunambitha, kanye nokuthinta zingase zinyamalale ngokuzumayo noma ziphazamiseke.
• Inkulumo engacacile noma ukungingiza (i-dysarthria): Ukungakwazi ukuphimisela amagama ngokucacile.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukulahlekelwa yinkulumo ngokuphelele (i-aphasia): Ubunzima bokuthola amagama, noma ukungakwazi ukukhuluma nhlobo, bungase buvele.
• Ukunganakwa: Ngokuvamile lolu uhlangothi lwesobunxele olukhohliwe ngale ndlela. Okusho ukuthi, izinto ezingakwesobunxele azinakwa, futhi akukho ukukhathazeka ngalolo hlangothi.
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi noma ubunzima bokunyakaza (ataxia): Ukuntengantenga lapho uhamba, ubunzima bokubamba izinto.

Manje bheka, ubuchopho bethu buhlukaniswe izinhlangothi ezimbili, kwesobunxele nakwesokudla. Lo mthambo we-MCA uphinde usakaze igazi ezinhlangothini zombili zobuchopho. Into ebalulekile ukuthi uhlangothi olulodwa lobuchopho lulawule olunye uhlangothi lomzimba. Lokho kusho ukuthi, uma isifo sohlangothi sithinta uhlangothi lwesobunxele lobuchopho, izimpawu zizovela ohlangothini lwesokudla lomzimba. Uma uhlangothi lwesokudla lobuchopho lonakele, izimpawu zizovela ohlangothini lwesokudla lomzimba.

Abantu abaningi banenkinga yokukhuluma (i-aphasia) uma uhlangothi lwesobunxele lobuchopho lukhubazekile .Kungenzeka. Ezimweni zokukhubazeka ohlangothini lwesokudla, ukunganakwa kohlangothi lwesobunxele lomzimba kungenzeka.

Yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zesifo sohlangothi se-MCA?

Ngenxa yokuthi isifo sohlangothi se-MCA singaba nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene, kubalulekile ukukhumbula isifinyezo esithi BE FAST ukuze uqaphele ukuthi wena noma othandekayo wakho nizoba nesifo sohlangothi nini.

• B - Ibhalansi: Hlola ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi ngokuzumayo.
• E - Amehlo: Hlola ukulahleka okungazelelwe noma izinguquko ekuboneni kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amehlo.
• F - Ubuso: Mamatheka bese ubona ukuthi uhlangothi olulodwa noma zombili zobuso bakho ziyagoba yini.
• A - Izingalo: Phakamisa zombili izingalo. Uma ukhubazekile, ungase ungakwazi ukuphakamisa ingalo eyodwa, noma ingase ibe buthakathaka kangangokuthi izowela phansi.
• S - Inkulumo: Bheka ukuthi inkulumo ayicacile yini noma kunzima ukukhetha amagama afanele .
• T - Isikhathi: Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu - thola usizo ngokushesha okukhulu! Uma kungenzeka, khumbula isikhathi izimpawu zakho eziqale ngaso ngokubheka iwashi lakho, ifoni, noma enye idivayisi yokugcina isikhathi. Ukutshela udokotela ukuthi izimpawu zakho ziqale nini kungabasiza ukuba bakhethe ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.

Okubalulekile: Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ze-BE FAST, shayela i-ambulensi (ezweni lakithi, ngo-1990) noma uye esibhedlela ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulibala. Ngoba uma ushaywe yi-stroke, isikhathi siwukuphila!

Ukuhlaselwa Kwe-Ischemic Yesikhashana (i-TIA)

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okuhamba kancane (i-TIA) kungenzeka. Abanye abantu bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi "i-mini-stroke." Lokhu kufana ne-stroke, kodwa izimpawu ziyanyamalala ngemva kwesikhashana. Kodwa-ke, lesi yisibonakaliso esibucayi kakhulu . Umuntu oke waba ne-TIA usengozini enkulu yokuba ne-stroke egcwele maduze nje. Ngakho-ke, umuntu oke waba ne-TIA kufanele futhi athole ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-MCA stroke?

I-MCA strokes uhlobo lwe -ischemic stroke . Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, zenzeka lapho umthambo wakho wobuchopho ophakathi (i-MCA) uvalwa yi-blood clot. Kunezinye izimo zempilo ezandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nama-blood clot. Lezi zifaka:

• I-cholesterol ephezulu (i-hyperlipidemia): Amazinga e-cholesterol akhuphukile egazini.
• Izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi: Abanye abantu bathambekele ekubeni igazi labo lijiye kalula.
• I-Atherosclerosis: Ukufakwa kwamafutha ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, okubangela ukuba zinciphe futhi ziqine.
• I-fibrillation ye-atrial:Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile e-atria yenhliziyo. Ingozi iphezulu uma lesi simo sibangelwa yi-sleep apnea, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokulala.
• Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo: Isibonelo, izimo ezifana nokukhubazeka kwe-atrial septal kanye nokukhubazeka kwe-ventricular septal .

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?

Noma ubani angaba nesifo sohlangothi , kodwa amanye amaqembu asengozini enkulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Abantu ababhemayo noma abasebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi/i-nicotine (isb. i-vaping).
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Abantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa noma ezinganikezwanga ngudokotela.
• Abantu abanobunzima bokufinyelela izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezivamile.
• Uma othile emndenini wake waba nesifo sohlangothi ngaphambili.
• Abantu abangawutholi ngokwanele umzimba.

Futhi, ingozi yokukhubazeka iyanda uma unezinkinga ezithile zempilo:

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme)
• I-cholesterol ephezulu (i-hyperlipidemia)
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Covid-19 (COVID-19)
• Isifo sikashukela
• Inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile

I-MCA stroke itholakala kanjani?

Udokotela uxilonga isifo sohlangothi se-MCA ngokwenza ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa , ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kanye nokunye ukuhlolwa okuningana. Uma ulethwa egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo nge-ambulensi, odokotela balapho bangaxilonga isifo sohlangothi.

Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa izivivinyo ezinjengalezi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uke waba nesifo sohlangothi:

• Ukuskena kwe-CT
• I-CT angiogram
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG)
• I-MRI
• I-angiogram ye-magnetic resonance (MRA)
• I-angiogram yobuchopho
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha isifo sohlangothi se-MCA?

Odokotela bakho bazozama ukubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile ebuchosheni bakho ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze banciphise ingozi yokulimala kobuchopho okungapheli nokufa.

Odokotela bathatha izinyathelo zokuqeda noma ukususa ihlule legazi.

• Ungase unikezwe imithi ye-thrombolytic , njenge -tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) .
• Ungase udinge nokuhlinzwa (ngokuvamile ukuhlinzwa kwe-mechanical thrombectomy) ukuze kuphulwe futhi kususwe ihlule legazi.
• Odokotela bazokunikeza nemithi yokulawula umfutho wegazi lakho.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma ucabanga ukuthi unesifo sohlangothi, funa usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha (njenge-tPA) zinganikezwa kuphela phakathi nesikhathi esithile ngemva kokuqala kwesifo sohlangothi.

Odokotela bakho bazokutshela ngqo ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezikulungele wena nokuthi yini ongayilindela.

Ukuvuselelwa ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi semithambo yobuchopho ephakathi

Ukuvuselelwa kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi. Udinga ukuvuselelwa ukuze kukusize uvumelane nezinguquko ebuchosheni bakho nasemzimbeni ngemva kwesifo sohlangothi. Ungadinga usizo ukuze ubuyisele amakhono akho angaphambilini noma ukuze uvumelane nokukhubazeka kwakho okusha. Lokhu kungabandakanya inhlanganisela yalokhu:

• Ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo: Kusiza ekuthuthukiseni inkumbulo, ukunaka, kanye namanye amakhono engqondo.
• Ukwelapha ngenkulumo: Kusiza ekubuyiseni noma ekuthuthukiseni amakhono olimi nokukhuluma, kanye nokulawula imisipha ekusiza ukuthi ukhulume, uphefumule, udle, futhi ugwinye.
• Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Kukusiza ukuthi wenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngokuphephile, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi edinga ukunyakaza komzimba okuhle.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Kusiza ukuqinisa imisipha, ukuthuthukisa ibhalansi, kanye nokubuyisela ukusebenzisa izingalo nemilenze.

Iyini isikhathi sokuphila ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi se-MCA?

Kunzima kochwepheshe ukulinganisa ngokunembile izinga lokusinda ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi se-MCA. Isifo sohlangothi singabulala, sibangele ukukhubazeka okungapheli, futhi sithinte ukuthi uzophila isikhathi esingakanani (isikhathi sokuphila). Kodwa-ke, akukho simiso sokululama esifanelana nakho konke noma umbono.

Ukubikezela isifo sohlangothi lwemithambo yobuchopho ephakathi

Lokho ongakulindela (ukubikezela) ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi se-MCA kuncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Indlela othole ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngayo.
• Impilo yakho iyonke.
• iminyaka yakho.

Iningi labantu lithatha okungenani izinyanga ezimbalwa ukululama. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yini ongayilindela. Bazokusiza ukuthi ubeke imigomo kanye nokulindela kokululama kwakho okuhambisana nempilo yakho nesimo sakho.

Ingabe isifo sohlangothi semithambo yobuchopho ephakathi singavinjelwa?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yakho ye-MCA stroke ukugcina impilo enhle iyonke. Ngokuvamile, zama ukwenza lezi zinto:

• Yeka ukubhema.
• Lawula umfutho wegazi lakho, i-cholesterol, nanoma yiziphi izimo zempilo ongase ube nazo.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo futhi ugcine isisindo esinempilo.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo.

Bona udokotela njalo ngonyaka (noma njengoba udokotela wakho encoma). Izimo eziningi zempilo ezingabangela isifo sohlangothi se-MCA ziyavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezinye zingase zingakubangeli ukuthi uqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu. Isibonelo, abantu abaningi abane-cholesterol ephezulu noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme abazizwa lutho kuze kube yilapho bexilongwa. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uqaphele futhi uphathe noma yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ngaphambi kokuba zandise ingozi yakho yokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi.

Ukululama nokuvuselelwa ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi kuwumsebenzi omningi. Uma wena nodokotela wakho seniqedile uhlelo lokwelashwa, lulandeleni eduze ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokuvamile, kufanele wenze okulandelayo:

• Thatha imithi yakho ngendlela efanele. Ukuthatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe udokotela wakho kuzosiza umzimba wakho ululame.
• Yiya emtholampilo wakho wokwelapha kanye nakwezinye izikhathi zokwelashwa. Tshela abelaphi bakho uma kukhona okukwenza uzizwe ungaphephile noma ungakhululekile. Ukuvuselelwa kunzima, kodwa akudingeki ube sezinhlungwini noma ungakhululekile ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Cabanga nangempilo yakho yengqondo. Ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka kuvame kakhulu ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi. Ukuzizwa udabuke noma ukhungathekile akukwenzi ube buthakathaka noma uyeke. Impilo yakho engokomzwelo ibaluleke njengempilo yakho engokomzimba. Uma uzizwa sengathi udinga usizo lokukhuluma ngokuthile ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo .

Kufanele ngiye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) ?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unesinye isifo sohlangothi , shayela u-911 (noma inombolo yakho yesimo esiphuthumayo yasendaweni) ngokushesha. Esinye isifo sohlangothi cishe singabulala noma sibangele izinkinga ezinkulu. Ungalibali ukufuna usizo.

Abantu abake baba nesifo sohlangothi nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu. Izibonelo:

• Ukuqhekeka kwegazi emaphashini (i-pulmonary embolism)
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Ukuquleka
• Inyumoniya
• I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu zanoma yiziphi zalezi zinkinga, kufanele ushayele izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

• Yimiphi eminye imithi engiyidingayo futhi ngiyithatha kanjani?
• Yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zokuvuselelwa engizidingayo?
• Iyini ingozi yami yokuba nesifo sohlangothi futhi esikhathini esizayo?
• Ingabe zikhona izinsizakalo zokusekela noma izinsiza ozincomayo?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-MCA stroke kanye ne-ACA stroke?

I-MCA stroke kanye ne-ACA (Anterior Cerebral Artery) zombili izinhlobo ze-stroke. Umehluko usemzimbeni wegazi osebuchosheni othintekile. I-MCA iwumthambo wakho wobuchopho ophakathi nendawo. Ihlumela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zobuchopho bakho.I-Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) itholakala ngaphambili kwekhanda. Igama elithi "Anterior" lisho ukuthi ngaphambili ngokwezokwelapha. Ngokungafani ne-MCA stroke, i-ACA stroke ingathinta ukulawula nokusetshenziswa kwemilenze yakho.

Zombili izinhlobo zesifo sohlangothi zingaba nezimbangela nezimpawu ezifanayo, futhi zombili zingabulala. Ngeke ukwazi ukubona umehluko phakathi kwalezi ezimbili kuze kube yilapho udokotela esebenzisa izivivinyo zezithombe ukuze anqume ukuthi yimuphi umthambo wegazi ovalekile noma owonakele. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu zanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sohlangothi , shayela u-911 ngokushesha.

Ekugcineni, umyalezo obalulekile

Umthambo wobuchopho ophakathi (i-MCA) ungomunye wemithambo yegazi emikhulu ethwala igazi elisha liye ebuchosheni bakho. Yingakho isifo sohlangothi esivimbayo singalimaza kakhulu. Kodwa ungalulama. Ngisho noma kufanele uzivumelanise nokukhubazeka okusha noma ufunde kabusha ukunyakaza okuthile owawukwazi ukukwenza, usenguwe.

Ukuvuselelwa ngemva kwanoma yisiphi isifo sohlangothi kuwumsebenzi omningi. Ezinye izinsuku zizoba lula kunezinye, kodwa khumbula ukugubha intuthuko yakho. Ngisho nokunqoba okuncane kuseyizinto eziphumelelayo. Khuluma nodokotela bakho noma abelaphi mayelana nendlela uhambo lwakho lokululama oluhamba ngayo. Bangakusiza ukuthi ucabange ukuthi usuhambe ibanga elingakanani ngosuku olunzima, futhi bakhona ukukusekela. Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa!

` Isifo sohlangothi se-MCA, ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi yobuchopho, izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi, SHESHA ISI-Sinhala, umthambo wobuchopho ophakathi, ukululama kwesifo sohlangothi ISI-Sinhala