Isifo Sokushaywa Yigazi: Ake sixoxe ngalesi simo esiyingozi!

Ake ucabange ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma umthambo omncane wegazi ngaphakathi kwekhanda lakho, okungukuthi, ebuchosheni bakho, uqhuma ngokuzumayo? Kuyesabeka ngempela ukucabanga ngakho, akunjalo? Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ' isifo sohlangothi oluphuma igazi', isimo sokukhubazeka okubangelwa ukuqhuma komthambo wegazi ngaphakathi ebuchosheni nokopha igazi. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila ngempela. Igama elithi "ukopha igazi" lisetshenziswa odokotela, uma silibeka kalula, ukusho ukopha okuvela endaweni ethile emzimbeni.

Uma igazi liqala ukugeleza ebuchosheni ngale ndlela, ubuchopho abutholi igazi noma umoya-mpilo owanele. Ngakho ubuchopho abukwazi ukusebenza. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa nokucindezela okwengeziwe ngaphakathi kwekhanda kungalimaza amangqamuzana obuchopho futhi kubulale ngisho nawo. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sohlangothi (isifo sohlangothi esihambisana nokuphuma kwegazi) lubi kakhulu ngoba izimpawu zivela ngokushesha futhi ziba zimbi kakhulu ngokushesha. Uma ungatholi ukwelashwa ngokushesha, ungabangela ukulimala kobuchopho okungapheli ngisho nokufa. Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma othile onayo unesifo sohlangothi , shayela u-911 (noma inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yendawo) ngokushesha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyisa isiguli esibhedlela ngokushesha okukhulu bese uqala ukwelashwa. Njalo ngemizuzwana kubalulekile lapha.

Ziyini izimpawu 'zokushaya kwenhliziyo'?

Uma kwenzeka isifo sohlangothi esihambisana nokopha, kungase kuvele uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuduma: Ikhanda elibuhlungu elizumayo, elingabekezeleleki, nelinzima.
• Ukwesaba ukukhanya: Amehlo aba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uma evezwa ukukhanya okukhanyayo noma ukukhanya kwelanga.
• Isiyezi noma i-vertigo.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda okushiwo abanye noma ubunzima bokukhuluma (i-Aphasia).
• Amagama ayafiphala futhi inkulumo ayicaci (i-Dysarthria).
• Ubuthakathaka obuhambisana nohlangothi olulodwa noma ukukhubazeka.
• Izitho zokuxhumana ezifana nokubona, ukuzwa, kanye nokuthinta zilahlekelwa umsebenzi wazo.
• Ukuqina kwentamo, ubunzima bokugoba.
• Ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu .
• Ukuqina kuyeza (Ukuquleka).
• Ukuquleka noma ukuquleka.
• I-Coma.

Yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso 'zokushaya kwenhliziyo'?

Lokhu kukhubazeka kungabangela izimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Ukuze uthole ukuthi wena noma othandekayo wakho unalesi simo, SHESHAKhumbula isifinyezo. Senziwa ngokuhlanganisa izinhlamvu zokuqala zamagama ambalwa esiNgisi.

• B - Ibhalansi : Qaphela ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi ngokuzumayo. Njengokungathi awukwazi ukuma uqonde.
• E - Amehlo: Bheka ukuthi kukhona yini ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo kwelinye noma womabili amehlo, nokuthi kukhona yini ushintsho.
• F - Ubuso: Zama ukumamatheka. Bheka ukuthi uhlangothi olulodwa noma zombili izinhlangothi zobuso bakho zibonakala zigobile yini.
• A - Izingalo: Zama ukuphakamisa zombili izingalo. Uma ukhubazekile , ungase ungakwazi ukuphakamisa ingalo eyodwa, uwe phansi, bese uba buthakathaka kakhulu.
• S - Inkulumo: Bheka ukuthi inkulumo ayicacile yini noma kunzima yini ukuthola amagama afanele.
• T - Isikhathi: Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu - funa usizo ngokushesha. Uma kungenzeka, bheka iwashi noma ifoni bese ubhala isikhathi izimpawu zakho eziqale ngaso. Ukutshela udokotela ukuthi izimpawu zakho ziqale nini kungabasiza banqume ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.

Khumbula, uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ze-BE FAST, kungaba yisifo sohlangothi. Ngakho-ke ungachithi isikhathi uye esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Ake sifunde futhi nge-mini-stroke (i-Transient Ischemic Attack - TIA).

Ngezinye izikhathi kuba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-mini-stroke', odokotela abasibiza ngokuthi 'ukuhlasela kwe-ischemic okudlulayo' ( TIA ) . Lokhu kufana ne-stroke, kodwa izimpawu ziyanyamalala ngemva kwesikhashana. Kodwa lesi yisixwayiso esingathi sína kakhulu ! Umuntu oke waba ne-TIA usengozini enkulu yokuba ne -stroke enkulu maduze nje. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu oke waba ne-TIA afune ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.

Yiziphi izimbangela zalesi 'sifo sohlangothi esophayo'?

Kalula nje, noma yini elimaza imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni bakho futhi ibangele ukuthi iqhume ingabangela lokhu. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) uyimbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu yalokhu. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu uma umfutho wegazi wakho uphezulu kakhulu, noma uma sekuphele isikhathi eside ungalawulwa.

Nazi ezinye izizathu:

• Ama-aneurysm obuchopho yimithambo yegazi ebuchosheni evuvukala noma ivuvukale njengebhaluni. Lokhu kungaba buthaka futhi kuqhume ngokuzumayo.
• Izimila zobuchopho.
• Isifo sikaMoyamoya: Kulokhu, imithambo yegazi eyinhloko ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni iyavaleka, bese kwakheka imithambo yegazi emincane emincane, kodwa iba buthaka kakhulu.
• I-cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Kulokhu, iphrotheni ifakwa ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni, okwenza ibe buthaka.
• Ukulimala ekhanda.
• Kutholakale ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-COVID -19 kungaba yimbangela yalokhu ngezinye izikhathi.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi esibangelwa ukuqhekeka kwegazi ebuchosheni, ukopha kungaqala kuleyo ndawo.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo 'zokushaya kwegazi'?

Yebo, kunezindlela ezimbili igazi elingageleza ngazo liye ebuchosheni kanje:

1. Ukopha kwegazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umthambo wegazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho uqhuma. Igazi bese liqoqana ngaphakathi kwezicubu zobuchopho bese lidala ingcindezi. Cabanga ngakho njengebhaluni lamanzi eliqhuma ngaphakathi.

2. Ukopha kwe-Subarachnoid: Ubuchopho bethu buzungezwe ulwelwesi oluncane oluvikelayo olubizwa ngokuthi ulwelwesi lwe-arachnoid. Isikhala esiphakathi kwalolu lwelwesi nobuchopho sibizwa ngokuthi isikhala se-subarachnoid. Uma umthambo wegazi odlula kulokhu uqhuma, igazi liyaqoqana kulesi sikhala. Lokhu kubeka ingcindezi ebuchosheni kusukela ngaphakathi kwekhanda.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lezi zifo?

Noma ubani angaba nesifo sohlangothi esopha igazi, kodwa abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Abantu ababhemayo (noma abasebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zikagwayi).
• Abantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.

Futhi, uma unezinye zalezi zimo zempilo ezithinta uhlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi, ingozi yakho yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi iphezulu:

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension).
• Inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu (i-Hyperlipidemia).
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elibangelwa yi-migraine, ikakhulukazi labo abane-aura.
• Isifo Sikashukela (i-Diabetes Mellitus).

Odokotela bakubona kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela uxilonga isifo sohlangothi esihambisana nokopha ngokuhlola izinzwa nokwenza izivivinyo ezifana nalezi:

• I-CT scan: Lena yindlela kuphela yokuhlola ngokushesha ukuthi kukhona yini ukopha ebuchosheni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izinto ezifana nezinkinga zokujiya kwegazi kanye namazinga kashukela.
• I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram - EKG): Ihlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.
• I-MRI: Lokhu kusiza ukubona ubuchopho ngokuningiliziwe.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko zokushaya kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukopha?

Izindlela ezimbili zokwelapha eziyinhloko zalokhu imithi kanye nokuhlinzwa.

Imithi 'yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi'

Odokotela basebenzisa imithi eyahlukahlukene ukwelapha lesi simo. Isebenza ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Ukusheshisa ukujiya kwegazi: Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukujiya kwegazi kuyinto embi (eqinisweni, ukujiya kwegazi kungaba yingozi). Kodwa ukujiya kwegazi kuyindlela yemvelo yomzimba wethu yokuyeka ukopha. Odokotela bangakunikeza imithi efana ne -Vitamin K therapy noma i-Prothrombin complex concentrate ukusiza umzimba wakho uyeke ukopha ebuchosheni.

2. Lawula umfutho wegazi lakho: Ukugcina umfutho wegazi lakho usezingeni eliphephile kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukopha ebuchosheni. Kuphinde kusize ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi emithanjeni yegazi eyonakele. Udokotela wakho angase akuqalise ngemithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi nge-IV (efakwa emthanjeni).

Ukuhlinzwa 'kokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi'

Igazi eliqongelela ngenxa yesifo sohlangothi libeka ingcindezi enkulu ezicutshini zobuchopho ezizungeze umthambo wegazi ophumayo. Uma ingcindezi engaphakathi kogebhezi (ingcindezi yangaphakathi kwekhanda) ikhuphuka kakhulu, ungase udinge ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzosusa negazi eliqongelelene futhi anciphise ingcindezi ebuchosheni.

Ukuvuselelwa Kwesifo Sohlangothi

Ukuvuselelwa kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelapha isifo sohlangothi esibangelwa ukopha. Kukusiza ukuthi uvumelane nezinguquko ebuchosheni nasemzimbeni wakho. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uphinde uthole amakhono alahlekile noma ufunde ukuphila nokukhubazeka okusha. Ungadinga eyodwa noma inhlanganisela yalezi zindlela zokwelapha ezilandelayo:

• Ukwelapha ngenkulumo: Buyisela noma uthuthukise amakhono akho olimi nokukhuluma. Lokhu kusiza ukulawula imisipha ekusiza ukuthi ukhulume, uphefumule, udle, futhi ugwinye.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Qinisa imisipha, uthuthukise ibhalansi, futhi ubuyisele ukusebenza kwezingalo nemilenze.
• Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Kukusiza ukuthi wenze imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke ngokuphephile, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi edinga ukunyakaza okuhle.
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo: Kusiza ekuthuthukiseni inkumbulo, ukunaka, kanye namanye amakhono engqondo.

Ingabe isifo sohlangothi esibangela ukopha singavinjelwa?

Ukugcina umfutho wegazi uphilile kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuvimbela isifo sohlangothi esihambisana nokopha. Uma une-high blood pressure, udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uyilawule. Bangakweluleka ngemithi kanye nezinguquko okudingeka uzenze endleleni yakho yansuku zonke.

Ezinye izinto yilezi:

• Gcina ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo (njengesifo sikashukela kanye ne-cholesterol) zilawulwa.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo okwengeziwe futhi ugcine isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
• Zivocavoce kahle.
• Hlola udokotela wakho njalo ngonyaka (noma njengoba uqondiswe udokotela wakho).
• Uma ubhema, yeka ngokushesha.

Ingakanani isikhathi sokusinda ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi?

Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani ngemva kokushaya igazi kanye nezinga lokululama, ngoba umzimba womuntu wonke kanye nesimo sakhe sempilo kuhlukile.

Ukukhubazeka kungaba yingozi futhi kubangele ukukhubazeka okungapheli, kodwa akukho simiso sokululama esifanelana nakho konke noma umbono.

Isifo sohlangothi esibangelwa ukopha cishe singabulala kakhulu kunesifo sohlangothi esibangelwa yi-ischemic, esibangelwa ukuqhekeka kwegazi ebuchosheni. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzoba nomphumela omubi kakhulu kunabanye.

Umzimba womuntu wonke usabela ngendlela ehlukile ku-stroke. Lokho ongakulindela (isibikezelo) ngemva ko-stroke kuncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Yiziphi izingxenye zobuchopho ezithintekile?
• Indlela othole ngayo ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
• Impilo yakho iyonke.

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yini okufanele uyilindele. Bazokusiza ukuthi uzibekele imigomo yakho yokululama kanye nokulindela ngokusekelwe empilweni yakho kanye nesimo sakho.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi?

Ukululama nokulungisa ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi akulula. Uma wena nodokotela wakho senisungule uhlelo lokwelashwa, lulandele eduze ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokuvamile:

• Phuza imithi yakho ngendlela efanele: Ukuthatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe udokotela wakho kuzosiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ululame. Ukulawula umfutho wegazi lakho kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Yiya njalo ku-rehab yakho nakwezinye izikhathi zokwelashwa: Tshela abelaphi bakho uma kukhona okukwenza uzizwe ungakhululekile noma ungaphephile. Ukwelashwa kabusha kunzima, kodwa akudingeki ube nobuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki njalo.
• Cabanga ngempilo yakho yengqondo: Ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka kuvame kakhulu ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi. Ukuzizwa udabuke noma uphatheke kabi akusho ukuthi ubuthakathaka noma uhlulekile. Impilo yakho yengqondo ibaluleke njengempilo yakho yomzimba. Uma udinga usizo lokukhuluma ngezinto ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo .

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma uzizwa sengathi unesinye isifo sohlangothi, shayela u-911 (noma inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo) ngokushesha. Esinye isifo sohlangothi cishe singabulala noma sibangele izinkinga ezinkulu. Ungalibali ukufuna usizo.

Umuntu oke waba nesifo sohlangothi usengozini yokuthola ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu, njenge:

• I-embolism yamaphaphu.
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• Amahlule egazi emithanjeni ejulile yemilenze (i-Deep vein thrombosis - DVT).

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu zanoma yiziphi zalezi zinkinga, shayela izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

• Ngingawuthatha kanjani umuthi wami?
• Ngizodinga ukwelashwa isikhathi esingakanani?
• Yiziphi izinguquko okudingeka ngizenze empilweni yami yansuku zonke?
• Yiziphi izimpawu zokuxwayisa okufanele ngiziqaphele ezibonisa ukuthi kukhona olunye uhlobo lokushaya kwenhliziyo oluzayo?
• Kufanele ngize nini ukukubona futhi?

Isifo sohlangothi esihambisana nokopha singaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho. Noma yini engathinta ubuchopho bakho unomphela iyesabisa. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, thola usizo ngokushesha. Uma udokotela esheshe axilonge futhi elaphe lesi simo, kungcono.

Uma ususesimweni esiphephile nesizinzile, ukuvuselelwa kuyaqala. Kungumsebenzi onzima, kodwa kuyafaneleka. Ungayinaki imizwa yakho, futhi wabelane ngokukhungatheka kwakho nodokotela bakho kanye nabelaphi. Ukululama kwakho kungase kufike ngezinyathelo ezincane, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukugubha impumelelo ngayinye oyifinyelelayo.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Isifo sohlangothi esibangelwa ukopha siyingozi kakhulu, isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esibangelwa ukuqhuma komthambo wegazi ebuchosheni. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Khumbula isifinyezo esithi BE FAST (Balance, Eyes, Face, Arms, Speech, Time) ukuze ubone izimpawu ngokushesha. Uma unezinye zezimpawu , hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa imithi kanye nokuhlinzwa. Ukuvuselelwa (ukukhuluma, umzimba, umsebenzi, ukwelashwa kwengqondo) kubaluleke kakhulu ekululameni.

Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, lawula umfutho wegazi lakho, landela indlela yokuphila enempilo, futhi ugweme ukubhema.

Ungakhohlwa, esimweni esinjengalesi, umzuzwana ngamunye ubalulekile. Ukuthatha isinyathelo esisheshayo kungasindisa impilo futhi kuvimbele ukulimala okukhulu.

Ukukhubazeka , Ukopha Ebuchosheni, Isifo Sokushaywa Yigazi, Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme, Izimpawu Zokushaywa Yigazi, Ukwelashwa Kwesifo Sokushaywa Yigazi, Ukuvuselelwa