Zicabange usemhlanganweni obalulekile ehhovisi, noma uhleka futhi uxoxa nabangani. Kungazelelwe, uzizwa ubuthongo obungazelelwe, obungenakunqandeka obukwenza uvale amehlo. Lokhu akusikho nje ukulala kancane okuza ngemva kwesidlo sasemini. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzani ngaleso sikhathi, awukwazi ukuyeka ukulala. Ulala imizuzu embalwa. Ingabe uke waba nalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho? Noma ingabe lokhu kwenzeke kothile omaziyo? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngale nkinga yokulala abantu abaningi abangayazi, kodwa engaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yabo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-narcolepsy.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-narcolepsy?
I-Narcolepsy yisifo sezinzwa esihlobene nokulala. Sibonakala ngokulala okungazelelwe, okungalawuleki emini. Akusona isifo esivame kakhulu. Kodwa izimpawu zaso ziqondile kakhulu. Lesi simo singaphazamisa kakhulu impilo yakho yansuku zonke, umsebenzi, kanye nobudlelwano nabantu. Kodwa into engcono kakhulu ukuthi kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zalesi simo . Ngakho-ke asikho isizathu sokwesaba. Ake sikuqonde lokhu ngokuningiliziwe.
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-narcolepsy?
Kunezimpawu ezine eziyinhloko ze-narcolepsy. Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu onazo zonke ezine. Abanye abantu bangase babe neyodwa noma ezimbili kuphela. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezi zimpawu.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukulala ngokweqile emini | Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-narcolepsy. Kufana "nokuhlaselwa ubuthongo." Kufika ubuthongo obungazelelwe, obungenakunqandeka. |
| Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obungazelelwe (i-Cataplexy) | Uma uzwa imizwa enamandla, njengokuhleka kakhulu, ukumangala, noma ukuthukuthela, imisipha yomzimba wakho ilahlekelwa amandla ngokuzumayo. Ngezinye izikhathi intamo yakho iyaxega, amadolo akho aphelelwe amandla bese uwe phansi. |
| Ukuphupha okuhlobene nokulala | Ukuzwa izinto ezibonakala zingokoqobo (njengamaphupho) ngenkathi ulala noma uvuka. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba yinto eyesabekayo kancane. |
| Ukukhubazeka Kokulala | Ngemva kokuvuka, ungavula amehlo akho kodwa awukwazi ukukhuluma noma ukunyakaza imizuzwana noma imizuzu embalwa. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "ukuphupha ngokweqile." |
Ake sixoxe kabanzi nge-cataplexy.
Lolu phawu olubizwa ngokuthi i-cataplexy lubaluleke kakhulu ngoba i-narcolepsy ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili kuye ngokuthi ikhona noma cha.
1. I-Narcolepsy Uhlobo 1: Laba bantu banezimpawu ze-cataplexy. Cishe ama-20% eziguli ezine-narcolepsy angamalungu alolu hlobo.
2. I-Narcolepsy Uhlobo 2: Laba bantu abanalo uphawu lwe-cataplexy. Iningi, okungukuthi, cishe ama-80%, lingabalolu hlobo.
Ngokuvamile, uma silele, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokulala kwe-REM, ubuchopho bethu buyayeka okwesikhashana ukulawula imisipha yethu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwenza lokho esikuphuphayo empilweni yangempela kungaba yingozi. I-Cataplexy yilapho sibhekana nobuthakathaka obufanayo bemisipha ngenkathi siphapheme .
Uma ingavuki njalo, kungase kuzwakale sengathi imisipha yobuso bakho iyaxega, noma umlomo wakho uvulekile nje. Kodwa uma ivuki kungazelelwe, wonke umzimba wakho ungase ungabi namandla futhi ungase uwe phansi . Lokhu kungabangela ngisho nokulimala. Kodwa kuhlala imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngeke ukwazi ukukhuluma noma ukunyakaza.
Into exakile ukuthi imbangela eyinhloko ye-cataplexy imizwa ejabulisayo njengokuhleka kakhulu noma ukuhleka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungabangelwa nemizwa efana nokumangala, ukwesaba, nentukuthelo, kodwa lokhu akuvamile kangako.
Izingane zingase zibonise izimpawu zalokhu ngendlela ehlukile kancane. Zingase zishintshe ubuso bazo ngokuzumayo, zikhiphe ulimi lwazo, noma "zikhulule" imisipha yazo ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokuzizwa.
Ake sifunde nangokukhubazeka kokulala.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kuyinto evamile ukungakwazi ukuhambisa imizimba yethu ngenkathi siphupha. Kodwa lokho kulawula kufanele kubuye lapho sivuka. Okwenzeka kumuntu onesifo sokukhubazeka kokulala ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi lokho kulawula imisipha kubuye ngisho nangemva kokuvuka. Ungavula amehlo akho uphefumule, kodwa awukwazi ukuhambisa umzimba wakho. Abantu abaningi babhekana nokubona izinto ezingekho phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase uzizwe sengathi othile usegumbini, othile uyakhuluma, noma kukhona okukukhathazayo. Lokhu kuyizinto ezesabekayo kakhulu. Kodwa ngenhlanhla, lokhu kuhlala imizuzu embalwa kuphela.
Ingabe zikhona ezinye izimpawu ze-narcolepsy?
Yebo, ngaphezu kwalezo zici ezine eziyinhloko, ungabona ezinye izinto ezimbalwa.
- Ukunyakaza okuzenzakalelayo: Izingxenye zomzimba, njengezandla, ziyaqhubeka nokuhamba ngisho nalapho ulele. Isibonelo, ungase ulale ngenkathi ubhala, kodwa isandla sakho singase siqhubeke nokuhamba sengathi ubhala.
- Ukukhohlwa: Angikhumbuli ukuthi wenzani ngaphambi kokuba ulale.
- Ukumemeza kakhulu ngenkathi belele: Lapho sebezolala, ngokuzumayo basho igama noma umusho ongenangqondo. Bangase bavuke futhi lapho bezwa umsindo. Kodwa abanakho ukukhumbula ukukusho.
Kwenzekani ngempela emizimbeni yethu?
Ukuze siqonde i-narcolepsy, sidinga ukwazi okuncane ngokulala kwethu okuvamile. Ukulala kwethu kunezigaba eziningana eziyinhloko.
1. Isigaba 1: Ukulala okuncane. Lesi yisigaba esifushane esenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokulala.
2. Isigaba 2: Ukulala okujulile. Lokhu kujule kancane. Cishe u-50% wokulala kwethu okuphelele ukulesi sigaba.
3. Isigaba 3: Ubuthongo obukhulu kakhulu. Kunzima kakhulu ukuvusa umuntu kulesi sigaba. Uma uvuka ngalesi sikhathi, uzozizwa sengathi ikhanda lakho limbozwe yinkungu (Sleep Inertia). Ukuhamba nokukhuluma ngamaphupho kwenzeka kulesi sigaba.
4. Ukulala kwe-REM: `REM` imele `Rapid Eye Movement`. Kuphakathi nalesi sigaba lapho siphupha khona.
Uma umuntu ojwayelekile elele, udlula ezigabeni 1, 2, kanye ne-3 ngaphambi kokungena ebuthongweni be-'REM'. Lo mjikelezo ophelele uthatha cishe imizuzu engama-90. Siqeda cishe imijikelezo enjalo engu-4-5 ngobusuku.
Kodwa kwenzeka into ehlukile kumuntu one-narcolepsy. Lapho nje elala, aqala ukulala i-REM, mhlawumbe ngemizuzu embalwa. Futhi ubuthongo bawo buyaphazamiseka ubusuku bonke.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi balala kangakanani ebusuku, bazizwa belele kakhulu emini. Abakwazi ukuvimba "ukuhlaselwa ubuthongo" okufikayo. Kodwa lobo buthongo bungobesikhathi esifushane, njengemizuzu eyi-15-30. Lapho bevuka kulolo buthongo, bazizwa beqabulekile kakhulu. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kwenzeka izikhathi eziningana ngosuku, i-narcolepsy iba yisithiyo esikhulu empilweni.
Yini ebangela i-narcolepsy?
Imbangela yalokhu iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-narcolepsy, kodwa zonke zixhunywe ne -hypothalamus, ingxenye yobuchopho bethu elawula ukulala kwethu nokuvuka kwethu.
Imbangela yesifo sofuba sohlobo 1
Uhlobo lweseli lemizwa ku-hypothalamus yobuchopho bethu lukhiqiza ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-orexin (ebizwa nangokuthi i-hypocretin). Le orexin yiyona esisiza sihlale siphapheme emini.
Kubantu abanesifo sohlobo 1 se-narcolepsy, amasosha omzimba wabo abhubhisa ngephutha amangqamuzana ezinzwa enza i-orexin.Kufana nebutho lethu lihlasela ikamu lethu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isimo sokuzivikela komzimba.
Uma la maseli ebhujiswa, izinga le-orexin ebuchosheni lehla kakhulu. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuhlala uphapheme emini. Futhi, ukulala kwe-REM kuyalahleka, futhi izimpawu (ezifana ne-cataplexy) ziyavela ngisho nalapho uphapheme. Kutholakale nokuthi lesi sifo sokuzivikela komzimba singaqala ngemva kokutheleleka okuthile ngegciwane, njenge-H1N1, noma ngemva komphimbo obuhlungu.
Imbangela yesifo sofuba sohlobo lwesibili
Odokotela abakaqiniseki ngokuphelele ukuthi yini ebangela i-narcolepsy yohlobo lwesibili, kodwa bacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ibangelwa ukulimala kwamaseli e-orexin noma ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lwe-orexin.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-narcolepsy ayisona isifo esithathelwanayo. Ayidluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu iye komunye.
Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?
Udokotela angase akusole lokhu ngemva kokuzwa izimpawu zakho. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lezi zimpawu zingabonakala nakwezinye izifo, njenge-sleep apnea noma i-epilepsy, kuzodingeka ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okuningana ukuze kutholakale lokhu ngokuqinisekile.
Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko yile:
- I-Polysomnogram noma Ucwaningo Lokulala: Lokhu kuhilela ukukugcina esibhedlela ubusuku bonke nokubheka ukuthi ulala kanjani. Izinzwa zinamathiselwe ekhanda nasesifubeni sakho ukuze zilinganise izinto ezifana namagagasi obuchopho, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, kanye nokunyakaza komzimba. Abantu abane-narcolepsy baya ebuthongweni be-REM njengoba belele, ngakho-ke lolu vivinyo lungaluthola.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokulala Okune-Multiple Sleep Latency (MSLT): Lokhu kwenziwa ngosuku olulandela ucwaningo lokulala. Emini, unikezwa amahora amabili okulala. Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi ulala ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi ungena ngokushesha kangakanani ebuthongweni be-'REM'. Abantu abane-narcolepsy bavame ukulala ngokushesha kakhulu.
- Ukubhoboza Umgogodla noma Ukubhoboza I-Lumbar: Lokhu akwenziwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yoketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) oluzungeze intambo yomgogodla bese luhlolwa amazinga e-orexin. Ku-narcolepsy yohlobo 1, la mazinga aphansi kakhulu.
Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okufanele akwenze kuye ngezidingo zakho.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha i-narcolepsy?
Yebo, impela. Nakuba i-narcolepsy ingelapheki ngokuphelele, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezingakusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zakho futhi uphile impilo evamile. Izindlela zokwelapha zifaka phakathi imithi kanye nezinguquko endleleni yokuphila.
Izinhlobo zemithi esetshenziswayo
- Imithi yokuphaphama:Imithi efana neModafinil ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukozela emini. Lena ngokuvamile iqala kuqala.
- Izikhuthazi: Izidakamizwa ezifana ne-Methylphenidate (Ritalin®) nazo zivuselela isimiso sezinzwa futhi zinciphise ukozela.
- Ama-antidepressants: Amanye ama-antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs) ayasiza kakhulu ekulawuleni i-cataplexy, i-hallucinations, kanye nokukhubazeka kokulala.
- I-Sodium Oxybate: Lo muthi usiza ukuthuthukisa ubuthongo ebusuku futhi unciphise ubuthongo basemini kanye ne-cataplexy.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela wakho kuphela onganquma ukuthi le mithi ikufanele yini nokuthi kufanele ibe yinani. Ungalokothi usebenzise le mithi ngokweseluleko sabanye noma njengoba ubona kufanele.
Izinto ongazenza ukuze uphathe izimpawu
Ngaphezu kwemithi, izinguquko ezincane endleleni yakho yokuphila zingenza umehluko omkhulu. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "imikhuba emihle yokulala" (Ukuhlanzeka Kokulala).
- Gcina isikhathi sokulala esingaguquguquki: Kangangokunokwenzeka, jwayela ukulala nokuvuka ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. Zama ukunamathela kulo mkhuba ngisho nangezimpelasonto.
- Lala kancane emini: Thola ukuthi uzizwa ulele nini kakhulu bese uhlela ukulala imizuzu eyi-15-20 ngaphambi kwaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uhlale uqabulekile usuku lonke.
- Gwema i-caffeine notshwala: Gwema ukuphuza izinto ezifana netiye, ikhofi, ne-cola, ikakhulukazi kusihlwa nasebusuku. Ukuphuza utshwala kungaphazamisa ubuthongo bakho ebusuku.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca njalo emini kungakusiza ulale kangcono ebusuku. Kodwa gwema ukuzivocavoca okunzima ngesikhathi sokulala.
- Isidlo Sakusihlwa: Gwema ukudla ukudla okunzima ngaphambi kokulala ukuze ugcwalise isisu sakho.
Naka kakhulu ukuphepha!
Ngenxa yokuthi umuntu onesifo sokulala angalala ngokuzumayo, kudingeka aqaphele kakhulu lapho enza izinto ezithile.
Ukushayela: Lena yinto eyingozi kakhulu. Ungacabanga ngomonakalo ongaba khona uma ulala ngokuzumayo ngenkathi ushayela. Ngakho-ke, ungalokothi ushayele kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho eqinisekisile ukuthi isimo sakho silawulwa kahle futhi kuphephile ukushayela.
Imisebenzi ehlobene namanzi: "Ukuhlaselwa ubuthongo" kungaba yingozi empilweni uma ubhekana nakho ngenkathi ubhukuda noma uhamba ngesikebhe. Ngakho-ke, gqoka njalo ijazi lokusindisa impilo. Ungangeni emanzini wedwa.
Ukusebenza ezindaweni eziphakeme, ukusebenzisa imishini: Kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu lapho wenza umsebenzi oyingozi kanje. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngomsebenzi wakho bese uthola iseluleko esidingekayo.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ebhekene nokulala okungalawuleki emini, ikakhulukazi uma kuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela. Lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa nezinye izimo zezokwelapha, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela ngokushesha.
Uma uquleka ngokuzumayo noma ulahlekelwa ingqondo, hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze, ngoba kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi, njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Narcolepsy akuyona ubuvila, iyisimo sobuchopho sangempela.
- Uphawu oluyinhloko ukuhlaselwa kokulala okungazelelwe, okungalawuleki okwenzeka emini.
- Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ubuthakathaka bemisipha obungazelelwe (i-cataplexy) obuhambisana nemizwa efana nenjabulo nokuhleka, ukungakwazi ukuhambisa umzimba lapho uzama ukulala noma ukuvuka (ukukhubazeka kokulala), kanye nokubona izinto ezingekho.
- Nakuba lesi simo singelapheki ngokuphelele, singaphathwa ngempumelelo enkulu ngemithi kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila, okukuvumela ukuthi uphile impilo evamile.
- Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungesabi noma ungabi namahloni, bona udokotela ofanelekayo bese uthola ukuxilongwa okunembile nokwelashwa.
- Cabanga njalo ngokuphepha. Landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi uma ushayela futhi wenza imisebenzi eyingozi.
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