Ingabe ingane yakho ine-ADHD? Nansi indlela yokuyisiza esikoleni! (I-ADHD kanye neSikole)

Ingabe ingane yakho ayinaki umsebenzi wesikole? Ingabe ibonakala inenkinga yokuhlala endaweni eyodwa? Mhlawumbe iyazulazula kancane? Uma kunjalo, lokhu kungaba yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-ADHD. Ungesabi uma uzwa lokhu, ngoba into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukuqaphela. Kunezinto eziningi ezingasiza ingane efana nale esikoleni. Ingabe kufanele sixoxe ngakho?

I-ADHD iyithinta kanjani ingane esikoleni?

Ingane ene-ADHD ( Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ) ingase ibe nesikhathi esinzima sokunaka, ukunaka, nokusebenza kanzima esikoleni. Kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi laba bantwana bayazulazula, bayazulazula, bakhuluma ngokweqile, noma baphazamisa ngisho nomsebenzi wabanye ekilasini.

Cabanga nje, lapho uthisha efundisa isifundo ekilasini, kungaba nzima kakhulu ngengane ene-ADHD ukuhlala igxile futhi igxile kulokho okushiwoyo. Ingqondo yayo iyagijima, mhlawumbe ifuna ukubheka ngefasitela, noma ifuna ukubuka lokho okwenziwa yingane eseduze kwayo. Noma ayikwazi ukuhlala ithule futhi inyakaze, yenza imisindo emincane ngezandla nezinyawo zayo. Lokhu akuyona into abayenza ngamabomu, kuyingxenye yalesi simo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthethisa ingane ngeke kusize.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izingane ezine-ADHD zingase zibhekane nezinye izimo ezibizwa ngokuthi ukukhubazeka kokufunda, okungenza umsebenzi wesikole ube nzima nakakhulu. Isibonelo, zingase zibe nobunzima obuthile ngokufunda, ukubhala, noma izibalo.

Othisha baziqaphela kanjani izimpawu ze-ADHD?

Ngokuvamile, izingane ezine-ADHD ziqala isikole zingakaqapheli ngokugcwele ngalesi simo. Abazali bangase bacabange ukuthi ingane yabo ingcolile noma ivilapha kancane. Ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi , othisha bavame ukuba ngabokuqala ukubona izimpawu ze-ADHD enganeni yabo. Yibo abachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi nengane yabo.

Bangakhuluma nabazali bomntwana ngalokhu. Bangase bathi, "Indodana/indodakazi yakho yenza ngendlela ehlukile ekilasini, ibonakala ingalaleli kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iyaphazamisa abanye abantwana." Uma uthisha esho into efana nale, ungacasuki, kodwa lalela ngokucophelela. Abazali bangabe sebedlulisela ingane kudokotela ofanelekayo, mhlawumbe udokotela wezingane noma udokotela wezifo zengqondo wezingane nentsha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kuyi-ADHD ngempela, futhi uma kunjalo, ukuthi iyini.

Othisha bangamsiza kanjani umntwana one-ADHD?

Uma udokotela eseqinisekisile ukuthi ingane yakho ine-ADHD, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa bonke othisha abafundisa ingane yakho. Tshela lokhu hhayi kuthisha wekilasi kuphela, kodwa nakothisha abafundisa ezinye izifundo. Lokhu kuzobasiza baqonde izidingo zengane yakho, babasize ngokufanele, futhi banikeze ukunakwa okukhethekile ekilasini.

Ziyini izinhlelo zemfundo ekhethekile (i-IEP kanye nohlelo lwe-504)?

Othisha bangakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi ingane yakho idinga i-IEP (Individualized Education Program), noma uhlelo lwe-504 .

Nakuba lezi ziyizindlela ezitholakala ohlelweni lwemfundo lwaseMelika, eSri Lanka kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezingeni lesikole zokusekela izingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlonza ukwesekwa okukhethekile ingane ekudingayo, ukuxoxa ngakho nesikole, bese kulungiselelwa ingane.

Kalula nje:

• I-IEP (Uhlelo Lwemfundo Yomuntu Ngamunye): Lolu uhlelo olubhaliwe olwenzelwe ingane yakho. Lunikeza izinsizakalo zemfundo ekhethekile kanye nezinsizakalo ezihlobene (njengokwelashwa ngenkulumo) ezenzelwe ingane yakho. Uthisha wengane yakho angaphakamisa ukuhlolwa ukuze abone ukuthi ingane yakho ingazuza yini ku-IEP.
• Uhlelo lwe-504: Lolu hlelo luphinde lunikeze izinsizakalo kanye nokuguqulwa endaweni yokufunda ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zengane. Isibonelo, lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukunikeza ingane isikhathi esengeziwe sokubhala isivivinyo, noma ukuyihlalisa endaweni engaphazamisi kakhulu ekilasini, noma ukunikeza isikhathi esengeziwe semisebenzi.

ESri Lanka, kunezinhlelo ezahlukene kanye nezinsizakalo zokweluleka ezingeni lesikole kanye nezinga loMnyango Wezemfundo ukusekela izingane ezinjalo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngalokhu nothisha wengane yakho kanye nothishanhloko wayo.

Ukubaluleka kokuxhumana njalo nothisha

Othisha bangakhuluma nawe ngentuthuko yengane yakho. Buza uthisha njalo ukuthi ingane yakho yenza kanjani esikoleni, ukuthi yenza kahle kangakanani, nokuthi ibhekene nani. Ngezinye izikhathi ukusebenzisa incwadi yokuxhumana, wena nothisha eningabelana ngayo ngamanothi ngentuthuko yengane yakho, kuyindlela enhle yokwabelana ngamanothi.

Cabanga nje, uma ingane yakho ilalelisisa kakhulu isifundo ekilasini namuhla, uthisha angasibhala phansi kuleyo ncwadi. Bese ungamdumisa ingane yakho ekhaya, uthi, 'Namuhla uthisha uthe ufunde kahle, ngijabule kakhulu, ndodana/ndodakazi.' Futhi, uma ubona okuthile ingane yakho ekuthola kunzima ukukwenza ekhaya, noma uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuziphatheni kwengane yakho, ungamtshela nothisha. Lokhu kushintshana kolwazi ngezindlela ezimbili kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ake sithole futhi sisize izidingo ezikhethekile zengane.

Othisha bangagxila ezidingweni ezithile zengane yakho. Ngoba akuzona zonke izingane ezine-ADHD ezifanayo. Izinselele zomuntu ngamunye zihlukile.

• Ezinye izingane zidinga usizo lokunaka nokuphatha iziphazamiso.
• Abanye badinga usizo ngokuhlala behlelekile - izinto ezifana nezincwadi, ideski, kanye nokufika ngesikhathi.
• Abanye abantwana bayanqikaza ukuqala umsebenzi, noma banenkinga yokuqeda umsebenzi abawuqalile.
• Ezinye izingane ezine-ADHD nazo zinenkinga yokuhlala zithule noma ukusebenza buthule.

Buza uthisha, 'I-ADHD yengane yami imthinta kanjani ekilasini? Yini engingayenza ekhaya ukuze ngimsize ngomsebenzi wakhe wesikole?' Le ngxoxo evulekile iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusekela ingane yakho.

Lokho othisha abangakwenza ukusiza izingane zabo ziphumelele

Kuye ngokuthi ingane idingani, uthisha angenza izinto eziningi ekilasini. Ezinye zalezi zifaka:

• Hlalisa ingane yakho endaweni engenazo iziphazamiso eziningi: Isibonelo, hlala ingane yakho endaweni engenazo iziphazamiso eziningi, njengasefasiteleni noma emnyango, ngaphambili kwekilasi, eduze kothisha, nakude nefasiteleni. Lokhu kuzosiza ingane yakho ukuthi ingaphazanyiswa kakhulu yilokho okwenzekayo ngaphandle nalokho abanye abakwenzayo.
• Ukunikeza imiyalelo ecacile neqondile: Izingane ezine-ADHD zingayiqonda kalula imiyalelo emifushane, ecacile, yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, njengokuthi 'qala wenze lokhu, bese wenza lokhuya,' kunezincazelo ezinde.
• Gcina imikhuba nemithetho elula yekilasi: Kulula ngezingane ukuba nesimiso esicacile nesihambisanayo nsuku zonke. Izinto ezinjengokuthi, 'Uma uza ekilasini, beka isikhwama sakho lapha, hlela izincwadi zakho kanje.' Bese beyazi ukuthi yini elandelayo.
• Yiba nomusa, ukhuthaze, futhi ube nombono omuhle ngengane yakho: Mncome njalo ingane yakho ngemizamo yayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi mincane kangakanani. Ukusho izinto ezinjengokuthi, "Usebenze kanzima namuhla, kuhle lokho," noma "Kuhle ukuthi uzame ukuphendula," kuzokhuthaza ingane yakho. Isikhuthazo sisebenza kangcono kunokujezisa.
• Ukuhlela: Izinto ezinjengokusiza ingane yakho ukuthi igcine izincwadi zayo kanye nedeski zihlelekile, ukuyisiza ukuthi yenze uhlu lwezinto okufanele zenziwe, kanye nokuyijwayela ukusebenzisa ikhalenda.
• Baqondise ukuthi basebenze kancane futhi ngaphandle kokushesha: Izingane ezine-ADHD zivame ukushesha emsebenzini futhi zenze amaphutha. Kubalulekile ukuzikhumbuza ukuthi, 'Ungakhathazeki, zinike isikhathi sakho, ufunde umbuzo ngokucophelela.'
• Ukunikeza izeluleko zokukugcina usesikhathini: Uma uphazamiseka ngenkathi wenza isifundo, nikeza isikhumbuzo esisheshayo njengokuthi, "Besenzani manje, ndodana?" noma ushaye ingane yakho ehlombe ukuze ithole ukunaka kwayo.
• Ukunikeza amakhefu amancane okunyakaza ekilasini: Njengoba kunzima ngabafundi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside, ukubanika umsebenzi omncane (isib., ukuqoqa i-duster, ukuletha incwadi, ukuletha okuthile edeskini likathisha) nokubanika ithuba lokunyakaza kubanika ithuba lokunyakaza kancane nokukhulula amandla abo.
• Ukuvumela isikhathi esengeziwe ukuqeda umsebenzi: Ezinye izingane zingathatha isikhathi eside kunabanye ukuqeda umsebenzi. Ukuzivumela ukuba zenze kanjalo kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
• Ukufundisa izingane ukubuyekeza umsebenzi wazo nokubona amaphutha anganaki:Ukufundisa izinto ezinjengokuthi, 'Bheka impendulo oyibhalile futhi, ubone ukuthi kukhona yini iphutha elincane endaweni ethile, inombolo ishintshiwe, ingabe uhlamvu alukho?'

Ubasiza kanjani abantwana asebekhulile (njenge-A-level, i-O-level)?

Ezinganeni ezindala kancane, okungukuthi, izingane ezine-ADHD emakilasini afana ne-O/L kanye ne-A/L, othisha bangenza nezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Amakhono okufundisa okufunda: Isibonelo, ukufundisa amasu ahlukene okubhala amanothi, indlela yokwenza amamephu engqondo, indlela yokufunda ngokuzwakalayo, kanye nendlela yokulungiselela izivivinyo nokuphatha isikhathi.
• Hlukanisa amaphrojekthi amakhulu, anezinyathelo eziningi kanye nemisebenzi ibe yizicucu ezincane, ezilawulekayo: Uma bebhekene nomsebenzi omkhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, izingane zingazizwa zikhungathekile futhi zingathandi ukuqala. Kulula ukuwuhlukanisa ube yizicucu ezincane, uzitshele ukuthi, "Okokuqala, qeda le ngxenye kuleli sonto, bese kuba yile." Cabanga ngephrojekthi enkulu, uyihlukanise ibe yizicucu ezifana "nokuthola ulwazi," "ukuyihlela," "ukubhala uhlaka," kanye "nokuyiqeda," bese unikeza ingxenye ngayinye isikhathi esinqunyiwe.

Amandla esimo sengqondo esihle somfundisi

Okubaluleke kakhulu kunalokhu yisimo sengqondo sothisha. Othisha bangaveza okuhle kakhulu enganeni yakho. Lapho othisha bebona okuhle kakhulu kubafundi babo, abafundi baqala ukubona okuhle kakhulu kubo. Othisha banganika izingane umyalezo wokuthi 'zonke izingane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zine-ADHD noma cha, zingakhula, zifunde, futhi ziphumelele.' Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzethemba kwengane kanye nesisusa. Lapho uthisha ethi, 'Ungakwenza lokhu,' 'Ulungile,' 'Uma uzama, akunakwenzeka,' ingane izozama ukukwenza. Uthisha obona amandla engane kunokushiyeka kwayo uyigugu elikhulu ingane ene-ADHD engaba nalo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, uma ingane yakho ine-ADHD, ungesabi. Akusikho ukuphela komhlaba. Akusikho iphutha lengane, futhi akusikho iphutha lakho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ingane futhi uyinike ukwesekwa, uthando, kanye nesiqondiso eyidingayo.

• Okokuqala, thola ukuxilongwa okunembile kwe-ADHD kudokotela oqeqeshiwe. Gwema ukuzihlola wena.
• Khuluma ngokukhululekile nangokwethembeka ngalokhu nothisha bengane yakho. Bangabantu ababaluleke kakhulu ukusiza ingane yakho esikoleni. Yakha ubudlelwano obuhle.
• Thola amandla engane yakho bese uyikhuthaza. Wonke umntwana muhle kokuthile. Thola lokho bese umsiza akuthuthukise.
• Ekhaya, fundisa ingane yakho ukusebenza ngendlela ehlelekile, ulandele isimiso esiqhubekayo, futhi uzijwayeze ukunaka. Kuhle futhi ukuyijwayeza imisebenzi emincane yasekhaya.
• Sebenzisana nothisha ukuthuthukisa indlela yokufunda kanye nokusekela esikoleni okufanele ingane.
• Yiba nesineke futhi uthande ingane yakho. Ngezinye izinsuku kuzoba nzima, kodwa ukwesekwa kwakho kuzoba amandla amakhulu enganeni yakho. Dumisa imizamo yengane yakho.
• Uma kudingeka, cabanga ngezinto ezifana nokwelulekwa noma ukwelashwa kokuziphatha.

I-ADHD akuyona into evimbela amakhono engane. Singayiphatha, sisebenzise amakhono ayingqayizivele engane, futhi sisize ingane iphile impilo ephumelelayo nejabulisayo. Awuwedwa kulolu hambo, futhi kunodokotela abaningi, othisha, nabeluleki abangakusiza futhi bakuqondise kulolu hambo.

` I-ADHD, isikole, imfundo, othisha, izingane, ukunaka, ukusebenza ngokweqile, ukufunda