Ingabe ingane yakho ibonakala idideka uma ukhuluma? Ake sixoxe nge-Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)!

Ingabe ingane yakho encane ayilaleli kahle uma ukhuluma? Noma uzizwa sengathi iyadideka ngalokho okushoyo? Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nomehluko endleleni izingane ezizwa ngayo imisindo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder, noma (ANSD) ngamafuphi, singaba imbangela. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula.

Kuyini lokhu (i-Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder - ANSD)?

Kalula nje, izindlebe zethu yizo ezisivumela ukuzwa imisindo esizungezile. Bese, ziguqula leyo misindo ibe yimiyalezo ubuchopho obungayiqonda bese ziyithumela ebuchosheni. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi le miyalezo iyaphambana lapho ifika ebuchosheni, noma ingafiki nhlobo. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder, noma (ANSD).

Nazi ezinye izinto ezingenzeka ezinganeni ezinalesi simo (ANSD):

• Kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa umsindo owodwa komunye.
• Ungase ungakwazi ukuqonda kahle lokho okushiwo umuntu.
• Kungazwakala sengathi uzwa umsindo bese ulahlekelwa yiwo ngokuzumayo .
• Kungase kubonakale sengathi lokho okuzwayo ngolunye usuku akusikho lokho okuzwayo ngosuku olulandelayo, okusho ukuthi lokho okuzwayo kuyashintsha .

Kodwa kunezindaba ezinhle. Ngisho nezingane ezinalesi simo (ANSD) zingathuthukisa amakhono azo olimi futhi zixhumane kahle nabanye ngosizo lwemishini yezokwelapha efanele, ukwelashwa, kanye namasu okuxhumana ngokubona (okungukuthi, izindlela zokuxhumana kusetshenziswa izinkomba ezibonakalayo).

Kungani lokhu (ANSD) kwenzeka? Ziyini izimbangela?

Imbangela eyinhloko yalesi simo (i-ANSD) ukulimala endaweni ethile emsipheni wokuzwa , ingxenye yendlebe yethu yangaphakathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-cochlea (eqoqa umsindo futhi idale imiyalezo) kanye nobuchopho.

Izingane ezinjengalezi zinamathuba amancane okukhula (ANSD):

• Kwabantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kosuku lwabo lokuzalwa (izingane ezingakazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi).
• Uma kukhona emndenini oke waba nalesi simo (ANSD) ngaphambili.
• Uma kuvela i-jaundice enzima ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.
• Uma kungekho umoya-mpilo owanele ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuzalwa ((umoya-mpilo ophansi)) .
• Kunemithi ethile engalimaza izingxenye ezizwelayo ngaphakathi kwendlebe noma inzwa yokuzwa. Uma ingane ithole imithi enjalo .
• Uma unezimo ezithile zofuzo noma izimo zezinzwa , njengesifo sikaCharcot Marie Tooth.
• Uma ulimele kakhulu ekhanda .

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unayo (ANSD)? Ziyini izimpawu?

Lezi zimpawu zingaqala kunoma yimuphi ubudala. Kodwa-ke, iningi lezingane lizalwa linalesi simo (ANSD). Izinkinga zokuzwaKungaba kusukela kokuncane kuya kokukhulu. Okumangalisayo ukuthi ezinye izingane zizwa imisindo evamile kodwa zibe nobunzima bokuqonda okushiwoyo ngokucacile.

Lezi zingane zingase ziphumelele ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokuzwa kosana olusanda kuzalwa, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuphela lapho ziqaphela khona kancane kancane ukuthi zinezinkinga zokuzwa.

Nakekela lezi zinto ngonyaka wokuqala wengane yakho.

Bona ukuthi ingane yakho isabela kahle yini kulezi zigaba zokuzwa onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela.

• Usana olusanda kuzalwa : Ingabe luyethuka noma "luhlanza" lapho luzwa umsindo omkhulu ngokuzumayo?
• Cishe ezinyangeni ezintathu : Ingabe ingane yakho iyalizwa izwi likanina noma likayise? Ingabe iphendula ikhanda layo liye kulolo hlangothi?
• Cishe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha : Ingabe ingane yakho iphendula amehlo noma ikhanda layo liye kuleyo ndlela lapho izwa umsindo omusha? Ingabe iphinda imisindo efana nokuthi "uh" kanye nokuthi "ah"?
• Cishe ezinyangeni eziyi-12 (unyaka owodwa) : Ingabe ingane yakho yenza imisindo emincane, engenamsebenzi (imisindo yokubhuqa)? Ingabe ingane yakho iyasabela uma usho igama layo? Ingabe ingane yakho iyazama ukulingisa amagama? Ingabe ingane yakho isho amagama ambalwa, njengokuthi "mama" nokuthi "valelisa"?

Uma ingane yakho isikhulile kancane, hlola ukuthi inazo yini lezi zimpawu.

Njengoba ingane yakho ikhula, ingase ibonise izimpawu ezinjengalezi uma inenkinga yokuzwa:

• Inkulumo ilinganiselwe, ayicaci, noma ayikhulunywa nhlobo .
• Uzizwa sengathi awulalelwa noma awulandeli imiyalelo ?
• Awuphenduli yini uma ukhulunywa ngendlela evamile, noma unikeza izimpendulo ezingafanele ?
• Ingabe uphazamiseka kalula uma kunomsindo omkhulu nxazonke zakho?
• Ufuna ukukhulisa ivolumu ku-TV kakhulu ?
• Ingabe unenkinga yokufunda ?

Uma unokungabaza ngengane yakho, kufanele nakanjani ukhulume nodokotela. Yilokho okungcono kakhulu ongakwenza.

Wazi kanjani kahle ukuthi unesimo (se-ANSD)?

Udokotela wezindlebe kuphela umuntu ongakwazi ukuxilonga i-ANSD ngokunembile. Nguye owenza izivivinyo ezikhethekile futhi asize abantu abanezinkinga zokuzwa. Kunezivivinyo eziningana eziyinhloko ezingasiza ekuxilongeni i-ANSD:

Ziyini lezi zivivinyo?

• Ukuhlolwa kokukhishwa kwe-otoacoustic (OAE) : Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi ingxenye yendlebe yangaphakathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-cochlea isebenza kahle kangakanani. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenkathi ingane ilele noma ihleli ithule. Ama-earphone amancane afakwa endlebeni futhi akhiphe umsindo omncane, njengomsindo wokuchofoza. Ngemuva kwalokho, impendulo evela endlebeni yangaphakathi ilinganiswa ngezitika ezincane ezibizwa ngama-electrode.
• Ukuhlolwa kwempendulo ye-brainstem yokuzwa (ABR): Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi umsindo ovela ngaphakathi kwendlebe uhamba kahle futhi ngokucacile kangakanani nge-auditory nerve uye esiqwini sobuchopho, esitholakala phansi kobuchopho. Uma ulwazi lungayi ebuchosheni ngokucacile, lolu vivinyo luzolubonisa. Ngokuvamile, uma ukuhlolwa (OAE) kujwayelekile, futhi ukuhlolwa (ABR) kunempendulo encane kakhulu noma kungekho nhlobo, khona-ke kucatshangwa ukuthi kunethuba elikhulu le-(ANSD).
• Ukuhlolwa kwemisipha yendlebe ephakathi (MEMR) : Kukhona umsipha omncane ngaphakathi kwendlebe yethu oqina ngokuzenzakalelayo uma sizwa umsindo omkhulu. Yingakho ubizwa ngokuthi (MEMR). Kulokhu kuhlolwa, kufakwa ithiphu elincane lerabha endlebeni bese kuthunyelwa umsindo omkhulu. Kusetshenziswa umshini ukubona ukuthi lo msipha usabela kanjani emsindweni. Endabeni yengane ene-(ANSD), lokhu kusabela akwenzeki emisindweni emikhulu, noma kuthatha umsindo omkhulu kakhulu kunomuntu ojwayelekile ukuthola ukusabela.

Izinhlelo zokuhlola ukuzwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa zingasebenzisa izinhlobo ezilula zalezi zivivinyo (OAE) kanye (ABR). Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuhlolwe ngokunembile (ANSD), lezi zivivinyo kudingeka zenziwe ngokugcwele.

Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ezingadingeka?

Ngemva kokuxilongwa ukuthi une-(ANSD), ingane kungadingeka ukuthi ihlolwe kaningana:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-(MRI) : Ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini inkinga ngaphakathi kwendlebe nokuthi kukhona yini imizwa yokuzwa kuzo zombili izindlebe.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo : Ukubona ukuthi lesi simo (i-ANSD) siyingxenye yesifo sofuzo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurologic : Hlola ezinye izinkinga ze-neurological.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo : Izinkinga zokuzwa nezinkinga zokubona zivame ukuhambisana. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wamehlo uma ingane ene-ANSD itholakala ukuthi inesifo.

Siphathwa kanjani lesi simo (i-ANSD)?

Izingane ezine-ANSD zelashwa yithimba lochwepheshe . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uchwepheshe wezindlebe (udokotela wezindlebe), uchwepheshe wezindlebe, impumulo nomphimbo (udokotela we-ENT), uchwepheshe wolimi lokukhuluma (uchwepheshe wolimi lokukhuluma), kanye nochwepheshe wezemfundo basebenzisane ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelapha olungcono kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa iminyaka yengane, ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yenzwa yokuzwa engasebenzi kahle, nokuthi inkinga yokuzwa inzima kangakanani.

Ngokuvamile, laba bantwana bazuza kakhulu ekusebenziseni amadivayisi okulalela awusizo. Kanye nalawa madivayisi, ukuqhubeka nokwelashwa kolimi lokukhuluma ukuze kuthuthukiswe amakhono okukhuluma nokulalela kwengane kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola imiphumela .

Yimaphi la madivayisi awusizo?

• Izinhlelo zokushintshashintsha imvamisa (FM): Lolu hlelo (FM) lunciphisa umsindo ongadingeki ozungezile futhi lwenza izwi lesipikha (isibonelo, likathisha) lizwakale ngokucacile nangokuzwakalayo. Isipikha sigqoka imakrofoni encane kanye ne-(transmitter). Lo (transmitter) uthumela isignali kagesi ku-(receiver) ingane egqoka endlebeni yayo noma exhunywe ngqo ku-(hearing aid). Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu emakilasini nakwezinye izindawo ezinomsindo ngoba kungathwalwa kuyo yonke indawo.
• Izinsiza zokuzwa : Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukukhulisa umsindo ofinyelela endlebeni. Ezinye izingane ezine-ANSD zingazuza ezinsizakuzweni, ikakhulukazi uma zisetshenziswa kanye nohlelo lwe-FM okukhulunywe ngalo ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, izinsizakuzwi zodwa azisizi kakhulu ezinganeni ezine-ANSD , njengoba zikhulisa umsindo osuvele uthuliwe.
• Ukufakelwa kwe-Cochlear : Kwabanye abantwana abane-ANSD, ikakhulukazi labo abangatholi usizo olwanele ezinsizeni zokuzwa, ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear kuyindlela enhle. Lena idivayisi efakwa ngokuhlinzwa endlebeni . Idlula izingxenye zendlebe ezingasebenzi kahle futhi ivuselela ngqo inzwa yokuzwa. Ngokuqeqeshwa okuhle nokwelashwa okuqhubekayo, izingane ezine-cochlear implant zingafunda ukuzwa kahle nokukhuluma ngokucacile.

Yini enye ofuna ukuyazi?

Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa izinsiza zokuzwa, izingane ezine-ANSD zingafunda namakhono okuxhumana ngokubona, okuyizindlela zokuxhumana besebenzisa lokho abakubonayo ngamehlo abo.

Yiziphi lezi zindlela zokuxhumana ngokubona?

• Ulimi Lwezandla : Lolu ulimi oluhlukile. Lunehlelo lwalo lolimi, isilulumagama kanye namaphethini emisho. Luklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni solimi olukhulunywayo.
• Inkulumo Eqondiwe : Lokhu kuhilela isikhulumi ukwenza izimpawu zesandla emlonyeni. Lezi zimpawu zesandla zisiza umlaleli ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlamvu ezibukeka zifana (isibonelo, 'ব' kanye 'প', noma 'ম' kanye 'ব'). Inkulumo Eqondiwe ingasetshenziswa kunoma yiluphi ulimi, futhi iwusizo kakhulu emindenini yezilimi ezimbili.
• Ukusayina IsiNgisi Esiqondile (BHEKA) : Lolu uhlelo lolimi lwezandla olusebenzisa isiNgisi esifanayo esikhulunywa ngendlela efanayo, igama negama. Luphinde lube nezici zolimi lwezandla, kodwa isakhiwo semisho kanye nohlelo lolimi kubolekwe esiNgisini.

I-Cued Speech kanye ne-SEE zombili zihumusha lokho okukhulunywayo ngqo. Zombili zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kanye nolimi olukhulunywayo ukuze zikusize uqonde kahle izinto okungenakwenziwa ukufunda izindebe zodwa.

Abazali banendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekufundiseni izingane zabo nge-ANSD ukuxhumana nokukhuluma nabanye. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu ingatholakala ngokusebenzisana eduze nethimba lezokwelapha.

Ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nokusekelwa kumawebhusayithi afana nalawa:

• I-CDC: Ukulahlekelwa Yizindlebe kanye Nengane Yakho (Iwebhusayithi Yezikhungo Zokulawula Izifo zase-US)
• Izandla Namazwi (inethiwekhi yabazali nochwepheshe)

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake sikukhumbuze ezinye zezinto esikhulume ngazo okudingeka uzikhumbule.

• I-Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD) yisimo lapho imiyalezo yomsindo esuka endlebeni iya ebuchosheni iphazamiseka khona noma ingahambi kahle.
• Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu kusenesikhathi . Uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho inoshintsho noma ukubambezeleka kokuzwa kwayo, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
• Lesi simo singahlolwa ngokunembile kuphela ngokuhlolwa okukhethekile okufana ne-(OAE) kanye ne-(ABR).
• Ungakhathazeki, amadivayisi afana nezinhlelo ze-(FM), (izinsiza zokuzwa), (izimila ze-cochlear), ukwelashwa kokukhuluma, kanye nezindlela zokuxhumana ngokubona kungathuthukisa ikhono lokukhuluma lengane yakho .
• Njengabazali, intshisekelo yenu, ukuzinikela, kanye nokusebenza ndawonye nethimba lezokwelapha kungamandla amakhulu enganeni yenu .

Khumbula, ingane ngayinye ihlukile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa nokusekelwa okufanele ingane yakho.

Izinkinga Zezinzwa Zokuzwa, i-ANSD, Izinkinga Zokuzwa, Impilo Yengane, Ukuhlolwa Kokuzwa, Izimila Ze-Cochlear, Ukwelashwa Ngenkulumo