Ingabe kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi kohlobo lwegazi lakho nolwengane yakho? (Ukungavumelani kwe-Rh) Ake sithole ukuthi kuyini ngempela!

Uma usukulungele ukuba ngumama, udokotela wakho noma umbelethisi wakho uzokucela ukuthi wenze izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene. Okunye kokuhlolwa kokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola uhlobo lwegazi lakho. Lokhu akuhloli nje kuphela iqembu lakho legazi (njenge-A, B, O, AB), kodwa futhi nokunye okubizwa ngokuthi ' i-Rh factor '. Ucabanga ukuthi kungani lokhu kubaluleke kangaka? Uyazini? '(i-Rh factor)' yakho ngezinye izikhathi ingathinta impilo yengane esibelethweni sakho. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wena nomntwana wakho nicacelwe ngalokhu ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kwenu.

Iyini i-Rh Factor? Ake sikuqonde kalula.

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi wonke umuntu ukhuluma ngani le `(Rh factor)`. Cabanga ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazini lethu afana namabhola amancane. Abanye abantu baneprotheni ekhethekile, inhlayiya encane, ebusweni bala maseli abomvu egazi. Leyo protheni yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi `(Rh factor)`. Akuwona wonke umuntu onale protheni egazini lakhe. Kodwa iningi labantu emhlabeni linale protheni emaseli abo abomvu egazi.

• Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu enale phrotheni ye-Rh egazini lakhe, simbiza ngokuthi `(Rh-positive)` . Kufana nokuthi 'yebo, ikhona'.
• Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umuntu engenayo le phrotheni ye-Rh egazini lakhe, simbiza ngokuthi `(Rh-negative)` . Kufana nokuthi 'cha, cha'.

Manje usunokucaca okwengeziwe, akunjalo? Embikweni wakho wegazi, iqembu legazi libhalwe ngophawu oluthi + noma - olufana no-A+, B-, O+, kanye nalolu `(Rh factor)`. Lokho kusho ukuthi umuntu 'oqondile' unohlobo lwegazi u-A futhi uneprotheyini ye-Rh, kanti umuntu 'ongalungile' unohlobo lwegazi u-B futhi akanayo iphrotheyini ye-Rh.

Ngakho-ke kuyini ukungavumelani kwe-Rh?

Manje usunomqondo omuhle mayelana ne-`(Rh factor)`. Ngakho ake sibone ukuthi iyini i-`(Rh Incompatibility)`. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale njengegama elididayo, empeleni kulula kakhulu. I-`(Rh Incompatibility)` yisimo esingase senzeke lapho i-`(Rh factor)` kamama nobaba wengane bengafani, kungaba kuhle noma kubi, okungukuthi, behlukile komunye nomunye . Ikakhulukazi, sikhuluma ngalokhu kakhulu uma umama `(Rh-negative)` kanti ubaba `(Rh-positive)`.

Ake sithathe isibonelo sibone. Khona-ke kuzocaca.

Cabanga ngalesi simo esilula. Kukhona umama ogama lakhe linguNimali, onegazi eliyi-`(Rh-negative)` (okusho ukuthi akanalo lelo phrotheni egazini lakhe). Umyeni wakhe, ake sithi uKasun, onegazi eliyi-`(Rh-positive)` (lelo phrotheni likhona egazini lakhe).

Manje njengoba uNimali noKasunu belindele umntwana, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi umntwana uzozuza isici `(Rh-positive)` kuyise.. Lokho kusho ukuthi igazi lomntwana lingaba `(Rh-positive)`. Khumbula, akwenzeki njalo, kodwa kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kwenzeke. Ngokuvamile kuthiwa cishe ingxenye yezingane ezizalwa ngumama `(Rh-negative)` kanye nobaba `(Rh-positive)` cishe bazoba `(Rh-positive)`.

Ngakho-ke, umama (uNimali) `(Rh-negative)`, kodwa umntwana `(Rh-positive)`. Yilapho sikhuluma khona `(Rh Incompatibility)`. Okusho ukuthi, `(Rh factor)` kamama nomntwana bahlukile. Kufana nabantu ababili abahlala endlini eyodwa, kodwa bobabili bathanda izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla. Kukhona ukungavumelani okuncane.

Kungani ingane yokuqala ivame ukuba ngcono? Pho inkinga iphakama kanjani?

Ungase ucabange, 'Kulungile, pho kungani ingane yokuqala ingenankinga ngokungahambisani okunjalo?' Kuyiqiniso lokho. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu '(Ukungavumelani kwe-Rh)' kuyinkinga enkulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala kukamama, okusho ukuthi akulimazi ingane . Isizathu esiyinhloko salokho ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izinhlelo zegazi zikamama nengane ziyahlukaniswa. Ngisho noma izakhamzimba zishintshaniswa nge-placenta, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu engane awangeni kahle ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi lukamama (okungukuthi, uhlelo lwegazi lukamama). Kufana nesithiyo esivikelayo.

Kodwa-ke, lapho umntwana ezalwa, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokubeletha , kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi igazi likamama nelomntwana lizohlangana kancane. Lokhu kuvamile. Uma igazi lengane elithi `(Rh-positive)` (uma umama ethi `(Rh-negative)`) lingena emzimbeni kamama, isimiso somzimba sikamama siyaqaphela iphrotheni ye-Rh egazini lomntwana 'njengeyangaphandle'. Njengalapho igciwane noma into ebangela ukungezwani komzimba ingena emzimbeni wethu. Khona-ke isimiso somzimba sikamama siqala ukwenza amaprotheni akhethekile avikelayo abizwa ngokuthi `(antibodies)` ngokumelene nale phrotheni ye-Rh. Lawa `(antibodies)` afana namasosha aqeqeshwe. Enzelwe ukuhlasela nokubhubhisa amaseli angaphandle uma ebuya. Uma lawa `(antibodies)` enziwe, ahlala emzimbeni kamama, futhi azosebenza uma into efana nale iphinda yenzeke.

Yiziphi ezinye izindlela ama-antibodies angakhiqizwa ngazo?

Kunezinye izindlela lawa ma- antibody angakhula ngazo emzimbeni kamama one-(Rh-negative)`, hhayi ngesikhathi sokubeletha kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela nalokhu:

• Uma wake wathola igazi elithi `(Rh-positive)` engozini ngaphambili, kungenzeka ukuthi awuzange uhlolwe kahle ukuthi unalo yini i-`(Rh factor)` ngaleso sikhathi.
• Uma uke waphuphuma isisu ngaphambilini , igazi lomntwana lingangena nasemzimbeni kamama ngesikhathi sophuphuma kwesisu.
• `(Ukukhulelwa kwesisu)`Uma uke waba nokukhulelwa okungaphandle kwesibeletho (ukukhulelwa ngaphandle kwesibeletho). Lesi futhi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu futhi singabangela ukwakheka kwama-antibodies.
• Ezinye izivivinyo ezenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa , njenge -amniocentesis (ukuhlolwa okususa inani elincane loketshezi esikhwameni se-amniotic somntwana), nakho kungabangela ukopha okuncane.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ezimweni ezinjengalezi, igazi lomntwana (noma lengane) `(Rh-positive)` lingangena emzimbeni kamama futhi libangele ukwakheka kwama-`(antibodies)`.

Ngakho-ke ingane isengozini nini? Kuyingozi kangakanani?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ama-Rh `(ama-antibodies)` akhula emzimbeni kamama aba yinkinga kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwesibili noma okulandelayo komama . Ingane yokuqala ngokuvamile ayilimali, ngoba `(ama-antibodies)` aqala ukukhula lapho ebeletha.

Cabanga ukuthi umama (ongenayo i-Rh)` futhi manje onayo i-`(ama-antibodies)` emzimbeni wakhe) uphethe umntwana `(ongenayo i-Rh)` esibelethweni sakhe futhi. Khona-ke, lawo ma-`(ama-antibodies)` e-Rh akheke emzimbeni kamama futhi aqaphile angabona amaprotheni e-Rh ebusweni bamangqamuzana abomvu egazi lomntwana `njengesitha sangaphandle.' Njengabalindi. Khona-ke lawa ma-`(ama-antibodies)` awela i-placenta angene egazini lomntwana, bese eqala ukuhlasela amangqamuzana abomvu egazi lomntwana angenacala.

Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi lomntwana avuvuke, aqhume, futhi abhujiswe. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi "isifo se-hemolytic sosana olusanda kuzalwa" noma nje isifo se-Rh. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu inani legazi emzimbeni womntwana (ikakhulukazi inani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo). Lokhu kusho ukuthi umntwana uzoba ne -anemia . Lokhu kungaba kubi kakhulu.

• Ingane ingaba nesifo se-jaundice esibi kakhulu, okuwukuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba. Lokhu kubangelwa yinto ekhiqizwa lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ewohloka.
• Lokhu kungathinta inhliziyo yengane, isibindi kanye nobende. Kwezinye izimo, inhliziyo ingase yehluleke ngisho nokunyakaza.
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, umntwana angaze afe esibelethweni.

Ngakho lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula. Kodwa, ungakhathazeki, izindlela zokwelapha esizokhuluma ngazo manje zenzelwe ukuvimbela lezi zinto.

Kuphathwa kanjani ukungavumelani kwe-Rh? Ingabe kufanele sesabe?

Manje ungase uzizwe usaba kancane uma uzwa ngalokhu. Kodwa, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi manje kunezindlela zokwelapha ezinhle kakhulu nezisebenzayo ezingavimbela ngokuphelele izinkinga eziyingozi ezingavela ngenxa yalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Ukungalingani kwe-Rh)`. Ngakho-ke asikho isizathu sokwesaba noma ukukhathazeka ngokungadingekile. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha iseluleko sezokwelapha ngesikhathi bese wenza njengoba besho.

Umuthi Wokugomela I-Rh Immune-Globulin: Lona umvikeli wethu oyinhloko

Uma odokotela benquma ukuthi umama okhulelwe usengozini yokungalingani kwe-Rh (okungukuthi, uma umama engenalo i-Rh kanti ubaba ene-Rh, noma uma i-Rh factor kababa ingaziwa), bazonika umama umjovo okhethekile obizwa ngokuthi i-Rh immune -globulin. Lona iqhawe lale ndaba. Lo mjovo uvame ukunikezwa ngemithamo emibili, ngesikhathi esifanele, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala:

• Umjovo wokuqala uvame ukunikezwa cishe emavikini angama-28 okukhulelwa. Yilapho igazi likamama nelomntwana lingaqala ukuxubana kancane.
• Umjovo wesibili unikezwa zingakapheli amahora angu-72 umntwana ezelwe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba igazi cishe lixubene ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

Lo muthi wokugomela i-`(Rh immune-globulin)` usebenza njengomjovo , kodwa ngomehluko omncane. Lokhu okwenzayo ukuvimbela ngokuphelele umzimba kamama ukuthi ungakhiqizi lawo ma-Rh `(antibodies)` ayingozi ( ama-antibodies ) okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili. Kufana nokwakha udonga oluvikelayo ngaphambi kokuba kufike isitha. Lokhu kungavimbela izinkinga zempilo ingane esanda kuzalwa engase ibe nazo, futhi uma ulindele omunye umntwana esikhathini esizayo, lokhu kuzoba yisivikelo esihle phakathi nalokho kukhulelwa.

Khumbula, uma umama ephuphuma isisu, i-amniocentesis , noma olunye uhlobo lokopha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, odokotela bazohlala bemnika umthamo walo muthi wokugomela i-Rh immune-globulin. Uma kunengozi encane yokuthola ama-antibodies, susa lokho futhi.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma ama-antibodies esevele akhekile emzimbeni kamama?

Cabanga, ngezinye izikhathi, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi lo muthi awuzange unikezwe ngesikhathi esifanele ekukhulelweni kwangaphambilini, noma ngesinye isizathu, udokotela uthola ukuthi umama usevele ethole ama-Rh `(antibodies)` emzimbeni wakhe. Wenzani-ke? Ungakhathazeki, kukhona nokwelashwa kwalokho. Uma lokho kwenzeka, umama nomntwana baqashwe ngokucophelela nangokunakwa okukhethekile kulo lonke ukukhulelwa. Into eyinhloko ukubona ukuthi izinga lama-`(antibodies)` egazini likamama liyanda yini ngengozi nokuthi liyathinta yini ingane. Kusetshenziswa izikeni ezikhethekile kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kulokhu.

Akuvamile kakhulu, uma ukungahambelani kukhulu ngokwanele ukubeka umntwana engozini, umntwana angadinga ukumpontshelwa igazi okukhethekile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukumpontshelwa igazi ngokushintshana . Uma lokhu kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe (esibelethweni), kubizwa ngokuthi ukumpontshelwa kwengane okungaphakathi kwesibeletho.) Yebo, kungenziwa ngemva kokuzalwa. Lokhu "kushintshana ngokumpontshelwa igazi" kususa igazi emzimbeni womntwana eliye lonakaliswa yilawo "ma-antibodies" bese kufakwa esikhundleni salo ngegazi elinamaseli abomvu egazi anempilo, "angenayo i-Rh". Lokhu kuzinzisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi lomntwana, futhi kunciphisa nomonakalo enganeni ovela "kuma-antibodies" kamama asevele esegazini lomntwana.

Kodwa, ngiyaphinda, ngenxa yempumelelo emangalisayo yalo muthi wokugomela i-`(Rh immune-globulin)`, zimbalwa kakhulu izimo `(zokushintshaniswa kwegazi)` ezenziwa kulezi zinsuku. NaseSri Lanka, lo muthi wokugomela usetshenziswa ngempumelelo kakhulu, cishe kuzo zonke izibhedlela, ngakho singaqiniseka kakhulu ngawo.

Yini enye ebalulekile ukuthi uyazi ngalokhu?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ukhulelwe kodwa ungayazi i-Rh factor yakho, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi, kodwa ukubona udokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wezifo zabesifazane ngokushesha okukhulu bese uqala ukunakekelwa okufanele kokukhulelwa . Lokhu kuzofaka phakathi ukuhlola uhlobo lwegazi lakho kanye ne-Rh factor. Lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala.

Uma ubona isimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Rh Incompatibility)` kusenesikhathi futhi uthola ukwelashwa okudingekayo, ikakhulukazi umuthi wokugomela i-`(Rh immune-globulin)` ngesikhathi , ungalungiselela ukwamukela ingane yakho kuleli zwe iphilile, ngaphandle kokwesaba noma ukungabaza okungadingekile. Ngakho-ke, ukuqaphela lokhu nokuqonda ulwazi ngendlela efanele kuzoba amandla amakhulu kuwe.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngalokhu. Ungesabi noma ungabaze ukubuza noma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho. Ungacabangi ngezinto ezinjengokuthi, 'Ingabe lokhu kuyinto efanele ukubuza?' noma 'Uzocabangani udokotela?' Bakhona ukukusiza wena nomntwana wakho, ukukufundisa. Uma ubuza imibuzo eminingi, uzoqonda kakhulu. Kuhle kuwe nomntwana wakho.

Ngakho-ke, nazi izinto okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya):

Ukungahambisani kwe-Rh akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, kungalawulwa futhi kuvinjelwe!

• Yazi uhlobo lwakho lwegazi kanye ne-Rh factor: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi lokhu ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe noma ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kwakho. Lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala.
• Qaphela kakhulu uma umama `(Rh-negative)` kanti ubaba `(Rh-positive): Yilapho ingozi `(Rh Uncompatibility)` ingena khona. Tshela udokotela wakho ngalokhu.
• Themba umuthi wokugomela i-`(Rh immune-globulin)`: Lo muthi wokugomela uyinto ebaluleke kakhulu evikela wena nomntwana wakho. Qiniseka ukuthi uyawuthola lapho udokotela wakho ekunike wona.
• Nakuba ingane yokuqala ivame ukungathinteki, izingane ezilandelayo zingathinteka: ngakho lokhu kudinga ukucatshangelwa kabusha ngokukhulelwa ngakunye. Ngisho noma uke wagonywa ngaphambilini, kuzodingeka uphinde uthole lokhu kulokhu.
• Tshela udokotela wakho uma uke waphuphuma isisu ngaphambilini, wakhulelwa ngaphandle kokukhulelwa, noma wampontshelwa igazi: Lolu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu kudokotela wakho , njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukwakheka kwama-antibodies.
• Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo nangesikhathi: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Thola izivivinyo udokotela wakho akutshela zona, thola imijovo ngesikhathi abasho ngaso, bese ulalela lokho abakushoyo.
• Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo: Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yini ekukhathazayo. Uma unolwazi oluningi, uzokhululeka kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kakhulu kuwe. Umama ophilile nojabule kanye nomntwana yibo kuphela ithemba lethu sonke! Izilokotho ezinhle kuwe!

Ukungahambisani kwe - Rh, ukukhulelwa, i-Rh factor, i-Rh immune-globulin, ama-antibodies, impilo yengane, uhlobo lwegazi