Uyalwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho? Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula!

Sonke sinezinhlobo zethu zegazi ezihlukile. Njengeminwe yethu. Mhlawumbe uyazi uhlobo lwakho lwegazi. Mhlawumbe awazi. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi ziyini lezi zinhlobo zegazi nokuthi kungani zibalulekile. Ngoba lokhu kuyinto ethinta ngqo impilo yethu.

Yiziphi lezi zinhlobo zegazi?

Kalula nje, igazi lethu lihlukile kancane komunye nomunye. Lokhu kwehluka yikona okunquma izinhlobo zethu zegazi. Cishe uke wezwa abantu bethi, "Uhlobo lwegazi lami luyi-B positive" noma "Uhlobo lwegazi lami luyi-O negative." Yilokho kuphela. Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zegazi. Yilezi:

• Uhlobo lwegazi A (A)
• B (B) uhlobo lwegazi
• Uhlobo lwegazi lwe-AB
• Uhlobo lwegazi O

Uhlobo ngalunye lwalezi zinhlobo lunqunywa yizimpawu ezincane zamakhemikhali ebusweni bamaseli ethu abomvu egazi. Cabanga ngakho njengamafulegi anemibala. Imibala yalezi zimpawu isitshela ukuthi hlobo luni lwegazi lethu.

Kungani lezi zinhlobo zegazi zihlukile? Indaba yalawo maseli abomvu egazi!

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi kungani lezi zinhlobo zegazi zihlukaniswe zibe u-A, B, O, no-AB. Amangqamuzana ethu abomvu egazi afana namasosha amancane athwala umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba. La masosha anezimpawu ezikhethekile noma "amabheji" "kuyunifomu" noma ezindaweni zawo. Kwezokwelapha, siwabiza ngokuthi `(Ama-Antigen)` . Kunezinhlobo ezimbili `(Ama-Antigen)` ezithinta kakhulu lolu hlelo lwegazi lwe-ABO: A `(Antigen)` kanye no-B `(Antigen)`.

• Uhlobo lwegazi A: Uma amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi ene-antigen A kuphela, khona-ke uhlobo lwegazi lakho ngu-A.
• Uhlobo lwegazi B: Uma amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi ene-antigen B kuphela, khona-ke uhlobo lwegazi lakho yi-B.
• Uhlobo lwegazi lwe-AB: Uma amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi enawo womabili ama-antigen e-A ne-B, khona-ke uhlobo lwakho lwegazi yi-AB. Laba bantu banawo womabili ama-antigen kumaseli abo abomvu egazi.
• Uhlobo lwegazi O: Uma amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi engenawo ama-antigen A noma B, khona-ke uhlobo lwegazi lakho lingu-O. U-O usho ukuthi "zero," okusho ukuthi alinawo la ma-antigen athile.

Ngaphezu kwalawa `(Ama-Antigens)`, kukhona okunye okukhethekile egazini lethu, okungukuthi, `(Plasma)`. Lokho kungukuthi `( Ama-Antibody )` . Lawa afana namasosha okuphepha asebenza ngokumelene nalawo `(Ama-Antigens)`. Lawa `(Ama-Antibody)` yiwo alwa nohlobo lwegazi olungalungile uma lungena emzimbeni.

• Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi A bane-"Antibodies" (Anti-B) ngokumelene ne-"Antigen" (B). Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlobo lwegazi B aluhambisani nabo.
• Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi B banama-"Antibodies" (Anti-A) alwa ne-"Antigen" A. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlobo lwegazi A aluhambisani nawo.
• Uhlobo lwegazi lwe-ABAbantu abanawo "ama-Antibodies" alwa nalawa "ma-Antigens". Ngakho-ke, bangathola amaseli abomvu egazi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo (kufaka phakathi i-Rh factor) A, B, AB, O (sizoxoxa ngalokhu kafushane).
• Abantu abanegazi lohlobo lwe-O banama-antibodies (Anti-A kanye ne-Anti-B) ngokumelene nezinhlobo zegazi ze-A kanye ne-B. Ngakho-ke, bangathola igazi lohlobo lwe-O kuphela.

Le nto ethi `(Antigens)` kanye `(Antibodies)` ibaluleke kakhulu lapho kunikelwa ngegazi futhi kwamukelwa igazi. Sizoxoxa ngalokho kafushane.

Iyini leyo (+) into enhle, (-) embi? (Rh Factor)

Manje kumelwe ukuthi uzwile ngezinto ezifana no-A positive (A+), B negative (B-). Ngaphezu kuka-A, B, AB, O, kunesinye isiqeshana esincane esingeziwe. Lokho kungukuthi ngabe positive (+) noma positive (-). Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-Rh factor `(Rh Factor)` . Lolu olunye uhlobo lwe-`(Antigen)` ebusweni bamaseli abomvu egazi. Le `(Antigen)` ibizwa ngokuthi i-D `(Antigen)` (RhD antigen).

• Uma unale D `(Antigen)` emangqamuzaneni akho abomvu egazi, une -Rh positive . Sikubonisa ngophawu (+). Iningi labantu eSri Lanka line-Rh positive.
• Uma ungenayo le D `(Antigen)` kumaseli akho abomvu egazi, une -Rh negative . Sikubonisa lokho ngophawu (-). Kunabantu abambalwa abane-Rh negative.

Ngakho-ke, manje, lapho izinhlobo zegazi ze-ABO okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili zihlanganiswa nale ndaba ye-Rh, kwakheka uhlobo lwegazi oluphelele. Isibonelo:

• Okuhle (A+)
• Okubi (A-)
• I-B Ehle (B+)
• B Okubi (B-)
• I-AB positive (AB+)
• I-AB Negative (AB-)
• O omuhle (O+)
• O okungekuhle (O-)

Uyaqonda manje? Kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa kulula kakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo ezimbili, i-ABO kanye ne-Rh, zibaluleke kakhulu lapho kunikelwa ngegazi.

Kungani kubaluleke kangaka ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lethu?

Kulungile, manje ungase ucabange, "Kungani ngingafuna ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lami?" Umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu . Kunezizathu eziningana.

1. Ukumpontshelwa Igazi Esimweni Esiphuthumayo

Ungase ucabange ukuthi, "O Nkulunkulu wami, lokhu akufanele kwenzeke," kodwa uma usengozini futhi ulahlekelwe igazi eliningi, noma uma kufanele uhlinzwe kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi unikeze igazi elengeziwe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udinga ukunikeza uhlobo olufanele lwegazi . Uyazi ukuthini? Uma unikeza uhlobo olungalungile lwegazi, umzimba wakho uzobona amangqamuzana amasha egazi "njengesitha" bese uqala ukuwahlasela. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukusabela kokumpontshelwa igazi . Lokhu kungaba yingozi kakhulu , ngezinye izikhathi kubangele ukwehluleka kwezinso, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ngisho nokufa. Ukuze kube sobala, kufana nempi enzima phakathi "kwama-Antigen" kanye "nama-Antibodies" okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambilini emzimbeni wakho. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthi odokotela bazi uhlobo lwakho lwegazi ngqo.

2. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kwabesifazane. Uma umama ene-Rh negative kanti umntwana osesiswini une-Rh positive (lokhu kunganqunywa ngohlobo lwegazi lukababa), kungase kube nezinkinga ezithile. Nakuba umntwana wokuqala evame ukungabi nezinkinga ezinkulu, ngesikhathi sokubeletha, amanye amangqamuzana abomvu egazi lomntwana angaxubana negazi likamama. Khona-ke umzimba kamama udala "Ama-Antibodies" ngokumelene naleyo "Antigen" ene-Rh positive. Manje, uma umntwana wesibili naye ene-Rh positive, "Ama-Antibodies" ayesevele akheke emzimbeni kamama angalimaza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi lomntwana. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukungavumelani kwe-Rh . Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ezifana ne-anemia kanye ne-jaundice enganeni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kunezindlela ezinhle zokwelapha lokhu manje. Odokotela bayakuhlola lokhu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi, uma kudingeka, banikeze umjovo obizwa ngokuthi i-Anti-D ukuze kumiswe ukwakheka kwala ma-antibodies. Kulokhu, kubalulekile futhi ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lukamama.

3. Uma unikela ngegazi

Uma ungumnikeli wegazi, ukwazi uhlobo lwakho lwegazi kungakusiza uqonde ukuthi ubani ongasiza. Kuphinde kusize amabhange egazi ukuthi ahlinzeke ngegazi ezigulini ezidinga izinhlobo ezahlukene.

Ingabe kukhona uhlobo lwegazi umuntu anganikela kulo uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo? (Umnikeli Ojwayelekile)

Yebo, kukhona uhlobo lwegazi olukhethekile kangaka. Lolo uhlobo lwegazi olune-O negative . Esimweni esiphuthumayo, uma kungekho isikhathi sokuthola ngokushesha ukuthi uhlobo lwegazi lwesiguli luyini, odokotela banganikeza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi angenayo i-O. Uyazi ukuthi kungani? Ngoba amangqamuzana egazi angenayo i-O awanawo ama-antigen e-A ne-B ebusweni bawo, noma i-antigen ye-Rh D. Ngakho-ke, lapho leli gazi lifakwa emzimbeni womuntu onohlobo lwegazi, umzimba awusabeli kakhulu kulo. Yingakho igazi elingenayo i-O libizwa ngokuthi "i-Universal Donor" (ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi).

Kodwa khumbula, lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Kuphephile ukunikeza isiguli uhlobo lwegazi oluhambisana kakhulu (kokubili oluhambisana ne-ABO kanye ne-Rh) noma nini lapho kungenzeka.

Futhi, abantu abanohlobo lwegazi olune-AB bangathola amaseli abomvu egazi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi olune-ABO/Rh. Ngakho-ke, abantu abane-AB babizwa nangokuthi "abamukeli be-universal" (kumaseli abomvu egazi). Ngoba abanawo ama-antibodies alwa nama-antigen e-A, B, noma e-Rh egazini labo. Kodwa-ke, banganikela ngegazi kubantu abane-AB kuphela.

Uhlobo lwegazi lunqunywa kanjani? Ingabe luyinto esiyizuza njengefa kubazali bethu?

Yebo, kunjalo. Uhlobo lwethu lwegazi lunqunywa izakhi zofuzo esizithola kumama nobaba. Njengombala wezinwele zethu, umbala wamehlo, nokuphakama. Lokhu kuyindaba yezakhi zofuzo eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ngamazwi alula, uhlobo lwakho lwegazi lunqunywa inhlanganisela yezakhi zofuzo eyodwa evela kumama wakho kanye nezakhi zofuzo eyodwa evela kubaba wakho. Isibonelo:

• Uma bobabili abazali benohlobo lwegazi O, umntwana nakanjani uzoba nohlobo lwegazi O.
• Kodwa omunyeEzinhlotsheni zegazi , kungaba okuhlukile kancane. Ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi ingane ibe nohlobo lwegazi oluhlukile kolwamama nolwababa (isibonelo, uma umama engu-A kanti ubaba engu-B, umntwana angaba ngu-A, B, AB, noma O). Kuncike ekutheni izakhi zofuzo zihlanganiswa kanjani.

Ngenxa yalokhu, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nezinhlobo ezahlukene zegazi ngisho naphakathi kwamalungu omndeni.

Ngingazi kanjani kahle ukuthi uhlobo lwegazi lami luyini?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwazi kahle ukuthi uhlobo lwakho lwegazi luyini iwukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa "kokuqoqwa kwegazi kanye nohlobo lwe-Rh".

• Ungabuza ngalokhu uma uya kudokotela.
• Uma kungenjalo, uma kwenzeka unikela ngegazi, bazohlola uhlobo lwegazi lakho. Ukunikela ngegazi akuyona nje umkhuba omuhle, kodwa futhi kuyithuba lokuthola uhlobo lwegazi lakho mahhala.
• Kwezinye izibhedlela, uhlobo lwegazi luyahlolwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa .

Kubalulekile ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho bese uligcina libhaliwe ndawana thize. Abanye abantu baligcina ekhadini labo lomazisi noma ekhadini elincane esikhwameni sabo. Lokhu kungaba usizo kakhulu esimweni esiphuthumayo. Ngisho noma ungakwazi ukukhuluma, lolu lwazi luzosiza odokotela.

Ake sihlanganise le ngxoxo bese siyikhumbula? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake sibukeze izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu esikhulume ngazo namuhla. Lezi zingase zibe usizo empilweni yakho ngelinye ilanga.

• Sonke sinohlobo lwegazi. Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko: u-A, u-B, u-AB, no-O.
• Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kukhona ne-Rh positive (+) noma i-Rh negative (-) . Lokhu kokubili ndawonye kwakha uhlobo lwegazi oluphelele (isb. A+, O-).
• Uhlobo lwegazi lunqunywa ama-antigen ebusweni bamaseli abomvu egazi.
• Ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho kubaluleke kakhulu lapho unikela ngegazi, uthola igazi ( ukumpontshelwa igazi ), uhlinzwa, kanye nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa . Ukunikela ngohlobo lwegazi olungalungile kuyingozi.
• Uhlobo lwegazi olungenayo i-O lunganikelwa kunoma ubani ukuze kutholakale amangqamuzana abomvu egazi esimweni esiphuthumayo ( umnikeli ojwayelekile).
• Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi olune-AB bangathola amaseli abomvu egazi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo ( umamukeli ojwayelekile).
• Hlola igazi ukuze uthole uhlobo lwegazi lakho. Libhale phansi bese uligcina endaweni ephephile.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi uzothola la maqiniso ngohlobo lwakho lwegazi ewusizo. Lokhu akusona iseluleko sezokwelapha, kodwa kumane kuwukukhuphula ulwazi olujwayelekile. Uma unemibuzo noma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngohlobo lwakho lwegazi, ngokuqinisekile kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela. Izinhlobo Zegazi, Amaqembu Egazi, i-ABO, i-Rh factor, Ukunikela Ngegazi, Ukumpontshelwa Igazi