Ingabe ulindele umntwana? Ake sifunde ngalezi zivivinyo! (Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphambi Kokubeletha - Ikota Yokuqala)

Ulindele umntwana, akunjalo? Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, sibiza `(Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphambi Kokubeletha)` ngokuthi ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ukuhlola impilo yakho kanye nengane yakho esesiswini sakho. Lokhu kungathola ukuthi ingane yakho inazo yini izingozi, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, noma ukungalingani kwe-chromosome. Ezinye izivivinyo (`ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa`) zibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka kube nenkinga, kanti ezinye (`ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga`) zingakutshela isimo esiqondile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wazi ngalezi zivivinyo, ngoba zingakunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo futhi zikusize ulungiselele ukwamukela ingane. Kodwa ekugcineni, isinqumo sokwenza lezi zivivinyo noma cha singesakho.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo lapho ubona udokotela okokuqala?

Uma uqala ukubona udokotela wakho, omunye wemigomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhulelwe yini. Bazophinde bahlole noma yiziphi izingozi zempilo kuwe noma enganeni yakho engakazalwa.

Udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okugcwele ngokomzimba , okuhlanganisa ukuhlola isisindo sakho, umfutho wegazi, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-pelvic. I-Pap smear yakho ejwayelekile, uma kufanele, nayo izokwenziwa ngalesi sikhathi. Lokhu kuhlola izinguquko emaseli esibelethweni ezingaholela kumdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kuphinde kuhlole izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STD) ezifana ne -Chlamydia kanye ne-Gonorrhea .

Okulandelayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhulelwe, kuzothathwa ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa komchamo. Kuzobhekwa i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-hCG (uphawu lokukhulelwa) . Umchamo wakho uzohlolwa futhi ukuthi awunawo yini amaprotheni, ushukela, kanye nezimpawu zokutheleleka. Uma usukhulelwe, usuku lwakho lokuzalwa luzobalwa ngokusekelwe osukwini lomjikelezo wakho wokugcina wokuya esikhathini noma ukuya esikhathini. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound , noma ukuskena, kungenziwa ukusiza ngalokhu.

Bese kuba yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Bathatha igazi kuwe bese benza izivivinyo. Ake sibone ukuthi bathini.

• Uhlobo lwegazi lakho kanye ne-(Rh factor)`: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Cabanga uma igazi lakho li-`(Rh negative)` kanti igazi lomyeni wakho li-`(Rh positive),` umzimba wakho ungase ube nama-antibodies angaba yingozi enganeni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kunezixazululo zalokhu. Lesi simo singavinjelwa ngomjovo womuthi okhethekile onikezwa cishe emavikini angama-28 okukhulelwa.
• I-anemia, okusho ukuthi inani eliphansi lamaseli abomvu egazi: Omama abaningi bangaba nalesi simo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngakho-ke kuhle ukwazi lokhu kusenesikhathi.
• Ingabe zikhona izifo ezithelelanayo ezifana `(Hepatitis B)`, `(Syphilis)`, kanye `(HIV)`:Uma lezi zinhlobo zezifo zikhona, uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi, kungathathwa izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuvikela umntwana kuzo.
• Ukuthi unamandla okuzivikela yini ku-German measles (Rubella) kanye ne-chickenpox (Varicella noma i-chickenpox): Kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi unamandla okuzivikela yini kulezi zifo, njengoba zingadala izinkinga enganeni uma zingenwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Izifo zofuzo ezibizwa ngokuthi `(Cystic Fibrosis)` kanye `(Spinal Muscular Atrophy)`: Lezi yizifo ezingavamile. Kodwa manje, ezimweni eziningi, noma ngabe akekho emndenini onomlando walezi zifo, odokotela basasikisela ukuthi kuhlolwe lezi zifo.

Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ezenziwa ngesikhathi se-trimester yokuqala?

Ngemva kokuvakasha kwakho kokuqala, udokotela wakho uzohlola umchamo wakho, akukalele, futhi ahlole umfutho wegazi lakho kukho konke ukuvakasha kuze kube yilapho ingane yakho izalwa (noma okungenani njalo). Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga ezifana nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa (isifo sikashukela esenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa) kanye ne -preeclampsia (umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngendlela eyingozi okubaluleke kakhulu ukuwuthola kusenesikhathi).

Ngesikhathi se-trimester yakho yokuqala, uzonikezwa ezinye izivivinyo ezimbalwa, kucatshangelwa izici ezifana neminyaka yakho, impilo, kanye nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-trimester yokuqala: Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne- ultrasound scan. Lokhu kubheka kakhulu ingozi yokuba ingane ibe nokukhubazeka kwe-chromosome njenge- Down syndrome noma ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa njengezinkinga zenhliziyo. Lokhu akusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi kunenkinga, kodwa kubonisa ukuthi ikhona yini ingozi.
• I-Ultrasound: Lokhu kuhlolwa okuphephile kakhulu futhi okungenabuhlungu. Kusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuthatha izithombe zesimo somntwana, isikhundla sakhe, kanye nokukhula kwakhe. Kungenziwa ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa ukuze kutholakale usuku lokukhulelwa. Kungenziwa futhi phakathi kwamasonto ayi-11 kuya kwangu-14, njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwekota yokuqala . Abesifazane abakhulelwe abasengozini enkulu bangadinga ukwenziwa i-ultrasound izikhathi eziningana phakathi nekota yokuqala.
• Ukusampula Kwe-Chorionic Villus (CVS): Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yamaseli avela ku-placenta bese ubheka ukukhubazeka kwe-chromosome, njenge- Down syndrome . Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-10 kuya kwangu-13 okukhulelwa. Lokhu ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga , okusho ukuthi kungakutshela ngezinga eliphezulu lokuqiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho izozalwa ine-chromosome disorder ethile noma cha. Kodwa-ke, akwenziwa kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi kwenziwa ngokwesimo ngasinye.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA okungenamaseli (Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa okungangenisi noma ama-NIPS): Lokhu futhi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusha. Kuyinto ethokozisayo kakhulu, ngoba kunenani elincane le -DNA yengane egazini likamama. Lezi zingcezu ze-DNA ziyahlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ingane isengozini yokuba nesifo se-chromosome njenge- Down syndrome . Lokhu kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngemva kwamasonto ayi-10 okukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusikho ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga , okusho ukuthi uma lokhu kunikeza umbono wokuthi kunenkinga, kudingeka olunye ukuhlolwa njenge-CVS ukuqinisekisa noma ukukhipha. Lokhu kuvame ukunconywa komama abasengozini enkulu, kungaba ngoba sebekhulile noma bake baba nengane enesifo se-chromosome esikhathini esidlule.

Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ongaziphakamisa?

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bangase bakuphakamisele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bacabangela umlando wezempilo wakho (nowomyeni wakho), ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo, kanye nezici eziyingozi njengomlando womndeni.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nomeluleki wezakhi zofuzo uma kunobungozi bokuthi ingane yakho izoba nezimo zofuzo. Bazokuchazela lokhu ngokuningiliziwe. Isibonelo, uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo sofuzo, ungakhuluma nodokotela ngakho, uhlangane nomeluleki uma kudingeka, bese kwenziwa izivivinyo ezidingekayo.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga kunganconywa futhi kulezi zimo:

• Isifo se-thyroid
• I-Toxoplasmosis - Lokhu ukutheleleka okungadluliselwa ngezinye izikhathi ngendle yamakati, njll. Kuyinto okufanele uyiqaphele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• I-Hepatitis C
• I-Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• Isifo sikaTay-Sachs - Lesi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo.
• I-Fragile X syndrome - Lesi futhi yisimo sofuzo esingathinta intuthuko yengqondo.
• Isifo sofuba
• Isifo saseCanavan - Lesi futhi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu esithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa.

Okokugcina, kuhle yini ukukhumbula lokhu?

Cishe usuyaqonda manje ukuthi kunezivivinyo eziningi ezingenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kodwa ungesabi lokhu. Khumbula, zonke lezi zivivinyo *zinconywa* kuwe. Unelungelo eliphelele lokunquma ukuthi uzozenza noma cha.

Ukuze unqume ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezifanele wena, nokuthi yini oyidingayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma umbelethisi. Qiniseka ukuthi uyaqonda ukuthi kungani kunconywa ukuhlolwa, ukuthi yiziphi izingozi nezinzuzo, nokuthi imiphumela ithini ngempela - nokuthi *ayisho* ini. Ngemuva kwalokho ungenza isinqumo esifanele ngaphandle kokungabaza.

Konke lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvikela wena kanye nomntwana wakho ongakazalwa. Unganqikazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho, kulungile? Sikufisela amandla nesibindi sokuletha umntwana onempilo emhlabeni!

Ukuhlolwa_kokukhulelwa , Ikota_yokuqala_yenyanga, Isifo_se-Down_Syndrome, I-Ultrasound, Ukuhlolwa_kwe-CVS, Ukuhlolwa_kwe-NIPS, Impilo_yokukhulelwa