Igazi elisemizimbeni yethu liyinto emangalisayo, akunjalo? Liqukethe amangqamuzana abomvu, amangqamuzana amhlophe, nezinye izinto eziningi. Phakathi kwalezi, ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi ibizwa ngokuthi 'i-plasma'. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yesifo emizimbeni yethu, le plasma ingabangela izinkinga. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, sizokhuluma ngendlela ekhethekile yokwelapha esusa leyo plasma eyinkinga futhi ihlanze igazi.
Ake siqale sibone, iyini le plasma?
Kalula nje, i-plasma iyingxenye yoketshezi oluphuzi olukhanyayo egazini lethu. Ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yegazi lethu yakhiwe yi-plasma. Nakuba ikakhulukazi kungamanzi, futhi iqukethe izinto eziningi ezibalulekile ezidingwa yimizimba yethu. Ikakhulukazi, amaprotheni nama -electrolyte , angama-salts ancibilikisiwe.
Cabanga nje ukuthi imizimba yethu ifana nezwe. Khona-ke amanye amaprotheni akule plasma afana nebutho lakulelo zwe. Asivikela ezitheni ezifana namagciwane namagciwane avela ngaphandle. Siphinde siwabize lawa ma-antibodies . Olunye uhlobo lweprotheni lusiza ekumiseni ukopha uma kukhona inxeba. Ngakho ungabona ukuthi i-plasma ibaluleke kangakanani, akunjalo?
Ngakho-ke iyini i-plasmapheresis kanye ne-plasma exchange?
La magama amabili afana kancane, ngakho-ke kungaba yinto edidayo kancane. Masigcine lokhu kulula.
- I-Plasmapheresis: Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlukanisa i-plasma egazini kuphela. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa ukuthatha i-plasma kumuntu ophilile (i-donor plasma) bese kwelashwa esinye isiguli.
- Ukushintshaniswa Kwe-Plasma: Lena yindlela yokwelapha esetshenziswa kakhulu. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi i-plasma eyinkinga, ebangela izifo emzimbeni wakho isuswe bese ithathelwa indawo yi-plasma enhle noma uketshezi oluhle ngokulinganayo. Kufana nokususa amanzi angcolile bese ufaka amanzi ahlanzekile. Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma kakhulu ngalokhu kwelashwa kwe-Plasma Exchange.
Yiziphi izifo ezingelapheka ngale ndlela yokwelapha?
I-Plasma Exchange iyindlela yokwelapha esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo eziningana. Ikakhulukazi, ingasebenza kahle ekwelapheni izifo zokuzivikela komzimba, izinkinga zegazi, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.
| Isigaba sesifo | Igama lesifo | Lokhu kwelashwa kusiza kanjani? |
|---|---|---|
| Izinkinga Zezinzwa | I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Isusa amaprotheni ayingozi ku-plasma ahlasela umzimba ngokwawo, ilawula izimpawu ezisheshayo nezinzima. |
| I-Myasthenia Gravis | Iqeda ama-antibodies angalungile ahlasela izicubu ezinempilo, inciphisa ubuthakathaka bemisipha. | |
| I-Guillain-Barré Syndrome | Ama-antibodies ahlasela imizwa asuswa ku-plasma, okusheshisa inqubo yokuphulukisa. | |
| Izinkinga Zegazi | I-Cryoglobulinemia | Isusa amaprotheni angajwayelekile (ama-cryoglobulins) avimba imithambo yegazi, abuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi. |
| I-Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) | Isusa i-plasma eyinkinga ebangela ukuqhekeka kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi emincane. | |
| Umdlavuza | Waldenström Macroglobulinemia | Uhlobo olungavamile lwe-antibody (i-immunoglobulin M) olukhiqizwa ngokweqile luhlungwa kusuka ku-plasma. |
| I-Multiple Myeloma | Isusa izinto eziyingozi ezikhiqizwa amaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile abe ngumdlavuza. |
Kwenzekani ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokwelashwa?
Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokwelashwa
Uma udokotela wakho ekubhalela lokhu kwelashwa, uzokutshela izinto ezinjengalezi ukuze akulungiselele kona.
- Phuza iziphuzo eziningi ezingenayo i-carbonated (amanzi, iziphuzo zezithelo) cishe izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokwelashwa.
- Yidla ukudla okulula cishe ihora ngaphambi kokwelashwa, ngaphandle kokuzizwa ulambile.
- Woza nezingubo ezikhululekile nezikhululekile. Njengoba ukwelashwa kuzothatha amahora amaningana, kungumqondo omuhle ukuletha okuthile ongakufunda, njengencwadi noma ifoni ukuze ulalele umculo.
- Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kancane ngemva kokwelashwa, ngakho kungaba nzima ukushayela. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuletha umuntu ozokuthatha akuyise ekhaya.
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa
Izinyathelo ezihilelekile ekwelashweni kwe-Plasma Exchange zilula kakhulu.
1. Okokuqala, udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzofaka umugqa we-IV emthanjeni engalweni yakho. Bangase bafake ne-catheter yomugqa ophakathi emthanjeni omkhulu entanyeni noma esinqeni sakho.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho, inani elincane legazi likhishwa kancane kancane emzimbeni wakho ngalo.
3. Igazi lithunyelwa emshinini okhethekile, lapho kuhlukaniswa khona i-plasma kuphela.
4. I-plasma eyinkinga ebangele isimo sakho isusiwe .
5. Bese kuba khona uketshezi olukhethekile olufana ne-plasma entsha noma i-albumin olufakwa kumaseli abomvu asele kanye namaseli amhlophe.
6. Ekugcineni, leli gazi elihlanziwe libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho ngaleyo cannula efanayo.
Lonke lolu hlelo lungathatha amahora ambalwa, kodwa okumele ukwenze phakathi nalesi sikhathi ukulala phansi embhedeni uphumule.
Ingabe lokhu kubuhlungu? Ingabe zikhona izingozi?
Umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo ukuthi lokhu kuzolimaza yini. Cha, lokhu akuyona indlela yokwelapha ebuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, ungase uzizwe umuzwa omncane wokuhlaba lapho i-cannula ifakwa engalweni yakho. Abanye abantu bangase babhekane nalokhu okulandelayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa:
- Ukuzizwa sengathi izandla nezinyawo zakho ziyathuthumela
- Ukuzizwa unesicanucanu
- Umuzwa wokudabuka
- Ukuzizwa ubanda
Uma uzizwa kanje, kufanele utshele udokotela noma umhlengikazi lapho ngokushesha. Bayazi izinto ezilula ongazenza.
Nakuba ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma kuyindlela yokwelapha ephephile kakhulu, kuneminye imiphumela emibi engenzeka kaningi.
- I-Hypocalcemia: Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba i-calcium ingalahleka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Iphathwa nge-calcium emithanjeni.
- I-Hypothermia: Umzimba ungase uzizwe ubanda ngenxa yokubuyiselwa koketshezi kuwo. Lokhu kungalawulwa ngokunikeza uketshezi olufudumele noma ukusonga umzimba ngengubo.
- Umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-Hypotension):Uma kudingeka, kuzonikezwa usawoti noma olunye uketshezi ngalokhu.
Ingabe i-dialysis kanye nalokhu kwelashwa nge-plasma kuyinto efanayo?
Abanye abantu bayadideka ngoba zombili lezi zindlela zokuhlanza igazi. Kodwa-ke, zombili zinezinjongo ezimbili.
- I-Dialysis: Lokhu kwenzelwa abantu abangasebenzi kahle izinso zabo. I-Dialysis ihilela ukuhlunga imfucuza egazini izinso ezingakwazi ukuyikhipha.
- Ukushintshaniswa Kwe-Plasma: Lokhu akususi imfucuza emzimbeni. Kususa amaprotheni noma ama-antibodies abangela izifo ayingozi aqukethwe yi-plasma yegazi .
Kalula nje, i-dialysis inqubo yokususa 'imfucuza' egazini. Ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma inqubo yokubamba nokususa 'abantu ababi' (amaprotheni ayingozi) egazini.
Ukuthi uzozizwa isikhathi esingakanani uphumule ngemva kokwelashwa kuncike esimweni sakho. Isibonelo, umuntu one-Myasthenia Gravis angase angabi nazimpawu izinyanga eziningi ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa okwelashwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukushintshaniswa kwe-Plasma kuyindlela ekhethekile yokwelapha ehlanza igazi ngokususa i-plasma enenkinga egazini bese ifakwa uketshezi olunempilo esikhundleni salo.
- Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo eziningana ezihlobene nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, njengezifo zezinzwa, izifo zegazi, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa akubuhlungu, kodwa kuthatha amahora ambalwa. Ungase uzizwe ukhathele ngemva kokwelashwa, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuphumula.
- Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukusiza ukulawula izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila, kunokuba kwelaphe isifo ngokuphelele.
- Udokotela wakho kuphela owazi kangcono ukuthi lokhu kwelashwa kukufanele yini nokuthi izinzuzo zizoba yini. Ngakho khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.
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