Uyazi ngalomkhuhlane ongajwayelekile ovela ezilwaneni zakho zasepulazini? (Q Fever) Ake sixoxe!

Wake wezwa ngalesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Q Fever? Mhlawumbe akunjalo, akunjalo? Ngoba lesi akusona isifo esivame ukubonwa ezweni lethu. Kodwa, ikakhulukazi uma ungumuntu osebenza nezilwane, izilwane zasemapulazini, noma uhlala endaweni enjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu. Kulesi sihloko namuhla, sizokhuluma ngokuthi iyini le Q fever, ukuthi iqala kanjani, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi singazivikela kanjani kuyo.

Kuyini i-Q Fever? Kalula nje...

Umkhuhlane we-Q yisifo esisithola ngokuphefumula izinhlayiya zothuli eziqukethe igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-`Coxiella burnetii` noma ngokudla imikhiqizo evela ezilwaneni ezinegciwane. Leli gciwane litholakala kakhulu emizimbeni yezilwane ezifana nezimvu, izimbuzi, nezinkomo. Amabhaktheriya angaqongelela enhlabathini lapho lezi zilwane zihlala khona. Angadluliselwa kubantu ngezinhlayiya zothuli ezikhishwa kuleyo nhlabathi, noma ngobisi, indle, futhi ikakhulukazi uketshezi olukhishwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

Kungani ibizwa ngokuthi i-Q fever? Lisho ukuthini igama?

Lokhu futhi kuyindaba engavamile. Uhlamvu 'Q' ku-Q fever lumelela 'Umbuzo' . 'Umbuzo' usho 'umbuzo' noma 'umbuzo'. Esikhathini esidlule, e-Australia ngawo-1930 bese kuba eMelika ngawo-1940, lapho abantu beqala ukuthola lo mkhuhlane ongavamile, odokotela ekuqaleni babengakwazi ukuthola ukuthi yini ewubangela. Ngakho babene 'mibuzo' eminingi ngalo mkhuhlane. Yingakho wawubizwa ngokuthi 'Umbuzo Womkhuhlane' noma umkhuhlane we-Q. Kulula kakhulu, akunjalo?

Iyini i-Q fever engapheli? Ingabe iyingozi?

Yebo, lokhu kuyakhathaza kancane. Igama elithi 'chronic' lisho isikhathi eside . Ngakho-ke, umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli uwuhlobo olubi kakhulu noluhlala isikhathi eside lomkhuhlane we-Q. Ungathinta inhliziyo yakho, imithambo yegazi, amathambo , nezinye izitho ezibalulekile. Lesi simo esingamahlalakhona senzeka emaphesentini amancane kakhulu abantu abangenwe yi-C. burnetii bacteria, phakathi kuka -1% no-5% .

Inkinga eyodwa ngalokhu ukuthi lesi simo esingamahlalakhona singakhula ezinyangeni noma ngisho neminyaka ngemva kokuba izimpawu zokuqala zomkhuhlane we-Q seziphelile. Abanye abantu bangase bangakhombisi zimpawu ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kokuqala kodwa kamuva babe nomkhuhlane we-Q ongamahlalakhona. Inkinga evame kakhulu yomkhuhlane we-Q ongamahlalakhona ukutheleleka kolwelwesi lwenhliziyo. Odokotela bakubiza ngokuthi "i-endocarditis". Lokhu kuyinkinga engase isongela impilo.

U Kwenzekani uma uthola umkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane we-Q ungabangela izimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezo zomkhuhlane ovamile, njengomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba . Ibhaktheriya i-'C. burnetii' ingathinta amaphaphu akho, inhliziyo, ubuchopho, amathambo, noma ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka ngokufanele. Abanye abantu babhekana nokukhathala okukhulu.kanye nezinye izimpawu zingahlala izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli ungasongela impilo.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola umkhuhlane we-Q?

Umkhuhlane we-Q uthinta kakhulu abantu abahlala emapulazini noma abasondelene kakhulu nezilwane zasemapulazini . Isibonelo, uma ungudokotela wezilwane, umuntu osiza ekuzalweni kwamathole, umuntu osebenza epulazini, epulazini, noma esilaheni, usengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi laba bantu bavame ukuxhumana nezilwane ezithelelekile kanye nendawo abahlala kuyo.

U Ubani osengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuthola izifo ezingathi sína ngenxa yomkhuhlane we-Q, ikakhulukazi:

• Abesifazane abakhulelwe basengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nokukhulelwa kwesisu.
• Usengozini enkulu yokuthola umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli uma unezimo ezilandelayo:
• Uma uke waba ne-`(Endocarditis)` (ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo).
• Uma kunezinkinga ngama-valve enhliziyo.
• Uma une-aneurysms (ubuthakathaka nokuvuvukala kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi) emithanjeni yakho yegazi.
• Uma ukusebenza kwezinso kuphansi (Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso).
• Uma unedivayisi efakwe unomphela (i-vascular prosthesis) yokuqinisa imithambo yegazi nokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi.
• Uma amasosha akho omzimba ebuthakathaka (isibonelo, labo abangenwe yi-HIV, iziguli ezinomdlavuza, labo abathatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba).

U Uvame kangakanani umkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane we-Q empeleni uyisifo esingavamile kakhulu . Isibonelo, ngisho nasezweni elifana neMelika, kubikwa amacala angaba ngu-200 kuphela ngonyaka. Akubikwa njalo naseSri Lanka. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi labo abasemaqenjini asengozini baqaphele.

U Ziyini izimpawu zomkhuhlane?

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane we-Q ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesigaba sokuqala (esibucayi) kanye nezinye izimo ezingase zenzeke kamuva.

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane we-Q obukhali

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuqala ukuvela phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-3 nezingama-30 ngemva kokungena kwamagciwane emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile zifana nezomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane.

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu
• Ukukhathala okukhulu nokukhathala
• Ukugodola
• Ukujuluka
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ukuzwela amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akhanyayo (i-Photophobia)
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Uhudo
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Amabala abomvu ngaphansi kwesikhumba (i-Purpura)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea)

Ngezinye izikhathi, lo mkhuhlane we-Q onzima ungabangela izimo ezifana nokutheleleka kwamaphaphu (i-Pneumonia), ukuvuvukala kobuchopho noma ulwelwesi olumboze ubuchopho (i-Encephalitis noma i-Meningitis), noma ukuvuvukala kwesibindi (i-Hepatitis).

Izimpawu ze-Q fever fatigue syndrome (QFS)

Cishe abantu abangu-20% abathola umkhuhlane we-Q bangase babe nokukhathala nezinye izimpawu ezihlala izinyanga, ngezinye izikhathi iminyaka, ngemva kokutheleleka kokuqala. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Q fever fatigue syndrome.

• Ukhathele kakhulu
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukujuluka
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli

Umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli uqala ezinyangeni, noma ngisho neminyaka, ngemva kokutheleleka kokuqala ngebhaktheriya i-C. burnetii. Ungakhula ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kokuqala. Ngokuvamile uthinta inhliziyo, ama-valve enhliziyo, kanye nemithambo yegazi, kodwa izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngengxenye yomzimba ethintekile.

• Umkhuhlane ophansi
• Ukujuluka ebusuku
• Ukwehlisa isisindo
• Ukukhathala
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze noma izinyawo

U Yini ebangela umkhuhlane?

Imbangela eyinhloko yomkhuhlane we-Q yigciwane i-Coxiella burnetii . Leli gciwane lingaphila ezilwaneni, ikakhulukazi ezinkomeni, ezimvini nasezimbuzini, ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu. Uketshezi lomzimba lwezilwane ezithelelekile (njengomchamo, indle, ubisi, kanye noketshezi lwe-amniotic) lungangcolisa inhlabathi abahlala kuyo. Abantu batheleleka ngaleli gciwane ikakhulukazi ngokuphefumula izinhlayiya zothuli noma umhwamuko wamanzi ovela enhlabathini engcolile.

U Umkhuhlane udluliselwa kanjani?

Indlela eyinhloko yokusabalala komkhuhlane we-Q iwukuphefumula uthuli noma umhwamuko wamanzi ongcoliswe yibhaktheriya ethi `C. burnetii` . Lokhu kungenzeka uma uhlala noma usebenza endaweni lapho kuhlala khona izilwane, ikakhulukazi izilwane zasepulazini. Ngenxa yokuthi ibhaktheriya ethi `C. burnetii` ingahamba ibanga elithile emoyeni, akudingeki ukuthi uxhumane ngqo nezilwane ukuze uyithole.

Ezinye izindlela, kodwa ezingavamile, umkhuhlane we-Q ongadluliselwa ngazo yilezi:

• Ukudla noma ukuphuza imikhiqizo yobisi engaphekiwe (isib. ubisi, ushizi, i-ayisikhilimu).
• Ukulunywa yikhizane elithelelekile .
• Kusukela kumama okhulelwe kuya enganeni yakhe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma sokubeletha .
• Ngokumpontshelwa igazi (lokhu akuvamile kakhulu).

Okubalulekile: Umkhuhlane we-Q awuvamile ukudluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye . Kube nemibiko engavamile yokudluliselwa kusuka kumama okhulelwe kuya enganeni yakhe.

U Umkhuhlane utholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wakho uzohlonza umkhuhlane we-Q ngokubuza ngezimpawu zakho , abukeze umlando wakho wezokwelapha , futhi ahlole isampula yegazi . Bangase futhi bakubuze ukuthi uhlala noma usebenza nezilwane.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-C. burnetii ingathatha amasonto ambalwa ukuthi ibuye, ngakho-ke uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi une-Q fever, angase aqale ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokulinda imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

U Yikuphi ukuhlolwa komkhuhlane okwenziwayo?

Ukuze ahlole umkhuhlane we-Q, udokotela wakho uzothatha isampula yegazi lakho esebenzisa inalithi encane. Leli sampula lizothunyelwa elabhorethri ukuyobheka izimpawu (ama-antibodies) okutheleleka kwe-C. burnetii. Bangase bazame nokukhulisa amagciwane e-C. burnetii avela kusampula yakho.

Kungase kudingeke ukuthi unikeze amasampula egazi izikhathi eziningana esikhathini esithile ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okuqondile.

U Ukwelashwa kanjani umkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane we-Q ophuthumayo welashwa ngama-antibiotic . Umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli uvame ukwelashwa ngenhlanganisela yama-antibiotic kanye nemithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala, kodwa kungaba nzima kakhulu ukwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo oluthile lokwelashwa olusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-Q fever futhi unezinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo noma zemithambo yegazi esezivele zikhona, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho ye-Q fever engapheli.

Yimiphi imithi/ukwelashwa okusetshenziswayo?

Udokotela angase anikeze imithi elandelayo:

• `( I-Doxycycline ( I-Doxycycline) ) `
• `(I-Hydroxychloroquine)`
• `(I-Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX))`
• `(I-Rifampin)`
• `(Fluoroquinolones)` (isb. `(Ciprofloxacin)`, `(Ofloxacin)`)
• `(I-Clarithromycin)`

U Ingabe umkhuhlane ungalapheka ngokuphelele?

Yebo, abantu abaningi bangalulama ngokuphelele kumkhuhlane we-Q obukhali ngama-antibiotic. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nakubantu abambalwa abathola umkhuhlane we-Q obukhali, izimpawu zingaqhubeka izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka, noma ngabe zelashwe. Umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli kunzima ukuwulapha.

Ngingayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yami yomkhuhlane we-Q?

Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yomkhuhlane we-Q:

• Gqoka imaski namagilavu ​​​​uma uphatha uketshezi lomzimba wesilwane, ikakhulukazi olukhishwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha .
• Gwema ukudla noma ukuphuza imikhiqizo yobisi engaphekiwe .
• Ezinye izifundo zisikisela ukuthi ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa kwezinkinga zamavalvu enhliziyo kubantu abatholakale benomkhuhlane we-Q kungavimbela umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli.
• Uma usebenza emsebenzini onobungozi obukhulu futhi uhlala endaweni lapho kutholakala khona umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane we-Q (okwamanje utholakala e-Australia kuphela), buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokugonywa.

Uma uhlala noma usebenza eduze kwezilwane zasemapulazini, futhi usengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezivela kumkhuhlane we-Q (isib., abantu abanezinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo noma imithambo yegazi, abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka), khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela yokuvimbela umkhuhlane we-Q.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma nginomkhuhlane we-Q?

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane we-Q zingahlala isikhathi eside , kusukela ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuya kwezingama-90 . Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi bayalulama ngokuphelele . Uma unikezwe ama-antibiotic, kuzodingeka uwathathe okungenani amasonto amabili. Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu (20%) angase abe nomuzwa wokukhathala (`(i-Q fever fatigue syndrome)`) ohlala izinyanga noma iminyaka.

Inani elincane kakhulu labantu (phakathi kuka-1% no-5%), ikakhulukazi labo abanezinye izimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo, bangaba nomkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli. Uma unomkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli, kungadingeka ukuthi welashwe izinyanga ezingu-18 noma ngaphezulu .

U Ziyini izinkinga zomkhuhlane?

Izinkinga zingaba khona kokubili nge-acute Q fever kanye ne-chronic Q fever. Kodwa-ke, lezi zivame kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile zimbi kakhulu kwi-chronic Q fever. Izinkinga zifaka:

• Umthambo obuthakathaka, ovuvukele (i-Aneurysm)
• I-Arterial fistula, isimo lapho igazi ligeleza khona ngendlela engafanele
• I-Endocarditis
• Ukulimala kwamaphaphu (i-Fibrosis)
• I-Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukutheleleka Kwamathambo (i-Osteomyelitis)
• Ukuphuphuma kwesisu
• Isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa

U: Liyini ithemba lomkhuhlane?

Isibikezelo somkhuhlane we-Q oyingozi ngokuvamile sihle uma selashwa ngama-antibiotic. Izinga lokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane we-Q oyingozi liphakathi kuka -0.5% no-1.5% . Abantu abathola umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli basengozini enkulu yezinkinga nokufa. Izinga lokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli liphakathi kuka -12% no-25% .

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-Q fever, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela ngesikhathi . Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi angazilawula kanjani izimpawu zakho nokuthi zikhona yini izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yezimpawu zesikhathi eside noma i-Q fever engapheli.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma usebenza noma uhlala nezinkomo, izimbuzi, noma izimvu, futhi uba nezimpawu zomkhuhlane we-Q, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Uma unezimpawu zomkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli, futhi ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi wake wavezwa yibhaktheriya ye-`C. burnetii` esikhathini esidlule (noma ngabe sekuphele isikhathi eside), tshela udokotela wakho.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

• Ingabe kufanele ngithathe imithi kusenesikhathi ukuze nginciphise ingozi yomkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli?
• Ingabe kufanele ngiyohlolwa izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi?
• Ngingawuthatha kanjani lo muthi?
• Kufanele ngize nini ukukubona futhi?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngiphathe izimpawu zami?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Nakuba i-Q fever iyisifo esingavamile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela uma usebenza noma uhlala endaweni enobungozi obukhulu. Izinto ezilula njengokugqoka imaski, amagilavu, nokugwema imikhiqizo yobisi engaphekiwe kungenza umehluko omkhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho usebenza nezilwane zasemapulazini .

Nakuba umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli uthinta inani elincane labantu kuphela, ungabangela izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila. Ngakho-ke, uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba nomkhuhlane we-Q, noma uma unenkinga ngawo, ungangabazi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha . Ukutshela udokotela wakho ngomlando wakho wezempilo kanye nomlando womsebenzi kuzobasiza baqonde izici zakho eziyingozi futhi bakunikeze ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.

Umkhuhlane we- Q, i-Coxiella burnetii, izifo ezihlobene nezilwane, izimpawu zomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheli, impilo yepulazi, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane