Wake wawabona amachashazi amancane amnyama, amabhola entambo, noma ama-spider webs entanta phambi kwamehlo akho ngenkathi ulele? Noma ubona ukukhanya kombani njengokungathi othile udubule i-flash yekhamera? Nakuba abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi lezi yizinto ezivamile, ngezinye izikhathi zingaba izimpawu zokuqala zesimo samehlo esibi kakhulu. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo esibi kangaka, kodwa esingenabuhlungu. Lokho ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal, noma ngokwezokwelapha, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal .
Kalula nje, kuyini ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal?
Cabanga ngeso lethu njengekhamera. Ngakho-ke, i-retina iyi-membrane ezwela kakhulu njengefilimu engemuva kwekhamera. Lapho ukukhanya okuvela ezintweni esizibonayo kuwela ku-retina, kuguqula lezo zimpawu zokukhanya zibe izimpawu zikagesi bese kuzithumela ebuchosheni. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho sibona khona isithombe. Ngakho-ke i-retina ithola ukudla kwayo nomoya-mpilo ezicutshini ezingaphansi kwayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal yilapho i-retina ihlukana nezicubu ezingaphansi ezinikeza ukudla . Kufana nephepha lodonga eliphuma odongeni. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ilahlekelwa igazi layo. Lesi yisimo esingenabuhlungu, kodwa esibi kakhulu . Uma singelashwa ngokushesha, amangqamuzana e-retinal angafa futhi abangele ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela .
Ngakho-ke uma ngokuzumayo unezinye izinto zokuntanta, ubona ukukhanya, noma uzwa ikhethini elimnyama liwa ohlangothini lweso lakho, ungalishayi indiva, noma ngabe akukho ubuhlungu . Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal?
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zalesi simo, kuye ngokuthi senzeka kanjani. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Uhlobo lokubaleka | Kwenzeka kanjani nokuthi kungani |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo lwe-Rhegmatogenous | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Njengoba sikhula, into efana nejeli ngaphakathi kweso (i-vitreous humor) iyancipha kancane kancane. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, iyasuka ku-retina, okubangela ukudabuka okuncane noma imbobo. Ngale ukudabuka, ijeli iqoqana ngaphansi kwe-retina, iyisunduze bese iyikhipha. |
| Uhlobo lokudonsa | Lokhu kubangelwa ukwakheka kwezicubu zesibazi ebusweni be-retina, okubangela ukuba idonseke. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela basengozini enkulu. Uma amazinga kashukela egazini ehlala ephezulu futhi engalawuleki isikhathi eside, imithambo yegazi ebucayi engaphakathi kweso iyalimala bese kwakheka izicubu zesibazi. Lezi zicubu zesibazi zingadonseka futhi zibangele ukuba i-retina ihlukane. |
| Uhlobo lwe-exudative | Kulolu hlobo, akukho ukudabuka noma imbobo ku-retina. Kodwa-ke, uketshezi luqoqana ngaphansi kwe-retina. Lokhu kungabangelwa yizimo ezithile ezithelelanayo ngaphakathi kweso (njenge-uveitis), ukulimala kwamehlo, noma umdlavuza othile, obangela ukuvuza koketshezi emithanjeni yegazi. |
Zingaba yini izimpawu zalokhu?
Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngobukhulu bokuhlukana kwe-retinal. Uma kukhona inani elincane lokuhlukana, kungase kungabi nazimpawu nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, lezi zimpawu zingavela ngokuzumayo.
- I-Photopsia: Ukukhanya okuphazima kweso okungazelelwe, okuphuphuthekisayo .
- Ukubona izinto eziningi ezintantayo: Ngokungazelelwe ubona izinto eziningi ezifana namabala amnyama, ulwembu lwesicabucabu, noma amabhola entambo entanta phambi kwamehlo akho. (Kuvamile ukubona eyodwa noma ezimbili ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa uma ubona eziningi zazo zonke ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuyisibonakaliso sesixwayiso.)
- Ukulahlekelwa umbono esweni elilodwa: Umuzwa wokulahlekelwa umbono esweni elilodwa.
- Ikhethini elimnyama eliwela phambi kwamehlo: Umuzwa sengathi ikhethini elimnyama liwela phansi phambi kwamehlo.
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungazinaki. Kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo esingathinta umbono wakho.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yalesi simo?
Nakuba noma ubani engaba nalesi simo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Ukuguga: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50 basengozini enkulu.
- Ukulimala kwamehlo: Izingozi ezifana nokushaywa kanzima esweni.
- Umlando womndeni:Uma othile emndenini wake waba nalesi simo ngaphambili.
- Njengoba ngike ngahlinzwa amehlo ngaphambilini: isibonelo, ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract.
- I-High Myopia: Kulabo abanesimo esibi kakhulu "sokubona eduze, kodwa hhayi kude".
- Ezinye izimo zamehlo: Abantu abane-diabetic retinopathy noma i-lattice degeneration.
- Uma i-retina isike yahlukana nelinye iso: Uma lokhu kwenzeka, elinye iso nalo lisengozini.
Uma unezinye zalezi zici eziyingozi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amehlo akho ahlolwe njalo ngudokotela wamehlo.
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzohlola amehlo akho ngokucophelela. Lokhu kwenziwa kakhulu ngokuvula inhlamvu yeso (ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvulekile) .
Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi amaconsi amehlo afakwa esweni lakho. Ngemizuzu embalwa, iso lakho elimnyama lizokhula. Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela angasebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile ukubona i-retina engaphakathi kweso lakho ngokucacile. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi kukhona yini ukudabuka, izimbobo, noma ukuhlukana kwe-retina.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo eziningana uma kudingeka.
- Ukuskena kwe-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Lokhu kungathatha isithombe se-3D sengxenye evundlile ye-retina.
- I-Ultrasound Scan Yamehlo (Eye): Uma i-retina ingabonakali kahle ngenxa yokuthile okufana nokopha ngaphakathi kweso, i-ultrasound ingasetshenziswa ukubheka ngaphakathi kweso.
- I-CT scan: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukufunda kabanzi ngokulimala kwamehlo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukuqedwa kwe-retinal yisimo esingelashwa ngokuhlinzwa kuphela . Indlela yokwelapha incike ohlotsheni lokuqedwa, ubukhulu balo, nezinye izici.
Uma kumane kuyi-retina crisp:
Uma uthola ukuthi kukhona ukuqhekeka kuphela ngaphambi kokuba kuphole, ungakunamathelisa njengokungathi "uyakushisela" ngaphambi kokuba kukhule.
- Ukwelashwa Nge-Laser: Imisebe ye-laser isetshenziselwa ukudala ukusha okuncane eduze komfantu, futhi isibazi esiphumayo sivala umfantu.
- I-Cryopexy: Umkhuhlane omkhulu usetshenziselwa ukudala isibazi esizungeze ukudabuka nokusivala.
Uma i-retina ihlukanisiwe:
Uma kukhona ukutakulwa, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo.
| Indlela yokuhlinzwa | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Retinopexy ye-Pneumatic | Kulokhu, udokotela ufaka i-gas bubble esweni. I-bubble isunduza i-retina ehlukanisiwe ibuyele odongeni lweso. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, udinga ukugcina ikhanda lakho lisesimweni esikhethekile izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze i-gas bubble ikwazi ukungena endaweni efanele futhi ihlale endaweni yayo. |
| Ibhakede le-Scleral | Kulokhu, kufakwa idivayisi efana nebhande le-silicone (ibhande) eduze kwengaphandle leso bese iqiniswa kancane. Lokhu kusunduza udonga lweso ngaphakathi, okuvumela i-retina ehlukanisiwe ukuthi ithinte udonga futhi inamathele kulo. Le bhande ivame ukuhlala eduze kweso impilo yonke, kodwa ayibonakali ngaphandle. |
| Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Vitrectomy | Lokhu kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa eyinkimbinkimbi. Kulokhu, ijeli engaphakathi kweso (i-vitreous) isuswa ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukudabuka kwe-retina kulungiswa nge-laser, bese isikhala lapho ijeli yayikhona sigcwala ibhamuza legesi, umoya, noma uwoyela we-silicone . Leli bhamuza lisetshenziselwa ukubamba i-retina endaweni yayo ize inamathele futhi. |
Okubalulekile: Uma unebhamuza legesi esweni lakho, akufanele uhambe ngendiza noma uye ezindaweni eziphakeme kuze kube yilapho selincibilike ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukucindezeleka komoya okushintsha ezindaweni eziphakeme kungabangela ukuthi ibhamuza lande futhi lonakalise iso. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ungazenza nini lezi zinto futhi.
Yini ongayilindela ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Kungase kube nokungakhululeki nobuhlungu emehlweni amasonto ambalwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Udokotela uzokunikeza imithi yokwelapha izinhlungu ngalokho. Kuzodingeka futhi ugweme umsebenzi onzima, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, nokushayela amasonto ambalwa.
- I-eye patch: Kufanele ufake i-eye patch isikhathi eside njengoba udokotela wakho ekutshelile.
- Ukuma kwekhanda:Ikakhulukazi uma kufakwa ibhamuza legesi, ukuze lisebenze kahle, kubalulekile ukugcina ikhanda lakho lisesimweni esithile isikhathi esinqunywe udokotela.
- Amaconsi Eso: Amaconsi Eso kufanele asetshenziswe ngesikhathi esifanele ukusiza iso ukuba liphilise ngokushesha futhi livimbele izifo.
- Umbono: Umbono uqala ukuthuthuka kancane kancane cishe emavikini angu-4-6 ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha izinyanga eziningana ukuthi umbono ogcwele ubuye. Kwezinye izimo, umbono ungase ungabuyiselwa ngokuphelele.
Qaphela lezi zimo ngemva kokuhlinzwa
Ngisho noma ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele, kwezinye izimo, kungase kube nezinkinga. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela.
- Uma kubuhlungu kakhulu, kuvela ubuhlungu obungalindelekile .
- Uma ubonisa izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengokuvuvukala kwamehlo kanye nomkhuhlane.
- Uma kukhona ukuphuma okungavamile emehlweni.
- Uma umbono wakho uba mubi ngokuzumayo .
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwanda okungazelelwe kwezinto ezintantayo, ukubona ukukhanya, noma ukuzizwa sengathi ikhethini elimnyama liwela phambi kwamehlo kuyizimpawu eziyisixwayiso .
- Ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal kuyisimo esibi kakhulu esingabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela, noma ngabe akubuhlungu .
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ungamane nje "ulinde ubone." Bona udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Uma welashwa ngokushesha, amathuba okuthola kabusha umbono ngokuhlinzwa aphezulu kakhulu.
- Uma unezici eziyingozi ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma ukubona eduze, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amehlo akho ahlolwe udokotela wamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka .
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