Umkhuhlane othwalwa yizikhakhayi! Ake sifunde ngeRocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Wake waphuma uhamba ehlathini, otshanini obude, noma udlala nesilwane sakho sasekhaya bese uhlangana nesidalwa esincane esifana nesikhunta? Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zidalwa ezincane zingaba yinkinga enkulu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esingadluliselwa ngamakhukhamba, futhi singaba yingozi kancane. Sibizwa ngokuthi iRocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Leli gama lingase lingabonakali libalulekile eSri Lanka, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izifo ezithwalwa ngamakhukhamba ezinjengalezi.

Iyini iRocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

Kalula nje, iRocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) yisifo esibangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi iRickettsia rickettsii. Sisakazeka ngokulunywa yizimpukane. Izimpawu zokuqala - njengomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba - zingafana nezinye izifo ezivamile. Kodwa uma ingelashwa ngokushesha, i-RMSF ingaba yingozi empilweni.

Lesi sifo, i-RMSF, singeseqembu elikhulu lezifo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-'Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (SFR)'.

Ingabe iRocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) kanye nesifo seLyme ziyinto efanayo?

Yebo, nakuba zombili ziyizifo ezithwalwa yizikhaza, iRocky Mountain Spotted Fever kanye nesifo seLyme ziyizifo ezimbili ezihlukene. Isifo seLyme sibangelwa yibhaktheriya ehlukile kune-RMSF, futhi izimpawu zihlukile. Umuntu one-RMSF ngeke abe nesifo seLyme.

Ubani ongathola iRocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)?

Noma ubani osendaweni lapho kukhona khona imikhaza – njengotshani obude, izindawo ezinamahlathi, noma izilwane ezifuywayo zangaphandle – angayithola le nkinga. Amacala e-RMSF abikwe e-United States, eCanada, eMexico, naseNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi. Nakuba amacala angavela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, inani elikhulu lamacala libonakala phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele.

Ubani osengozini enkulu?

Noma ubani angathola i-RMSF kunoma yimuphi ubudala. Kodwa-ke, kubikwa ukuthi ivame kakhulu kwabesilisa nakubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-40. Usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-RMSF enzima uma :

• Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala.
• Uma une-"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency"
• Uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka.

Ivame kangakanani iRocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)?

E-United States, kubikwa amacala angaba ngu-6,000 e-RMSF minyaka yonke. Naphezu kwegama elithi "Rocky Mountain," empeleni livame kakhulu ezifundazweni ezifana neNorth Carolina, Tennessee, Missouri, Arkansas, kanye ne-Oklahoma. I-RMSF ivame kakhulu ukwenzeka ehlobo, lapho amakhizane eba maningi khona futhi abantu bengaphandle kakhulu.

I-Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) iwuthinta kanjani umzimba wami?

Amabhaktheriya abangela i-RMSF, `R. rickettsii`, angena egazini lakho ngokulunywa yizimpukane. Amabhaktheriya abe esehlasela imithambo yegazi yakho, amaseli emisipha, kanye nezicubu. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi igazi liphume emithanjeni yegazi yakho, uketshezi luqoqeke ezicutshini zakho, futhi lonakalise imisipha yakho, imizwa, kanye nezitho zomzimba.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)?

Uma ulunywe yi-tick ethelelekile, ungase uqale ukuba nezimpawu ze-RMSF zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwamasonto amabili. Izimpawu zivame ukukhula kancane kancane ezinsukwini eziningana. Ekuqaleni zingase zihlanganise umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha .

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Abanye abantu bazoqala ukuqubuka zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu (cishe ama-50%). Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi ukuqubuka kuvele.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-RMSF yilezi:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Isifiso sokudla
• Ubuhlungu noma ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba - ngokuvamile kuqala ezihlakaleni nasemaqakaleni bese kusakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Isisu esibuhlungu
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya (i-photophobia)

Izimpawu ezinzima ezingase zivele kamuva:

• Ukudideka
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya)
• Ukukhathazeka, ukungaphumuli, noma ukukhathazeka
• Ukuquleka
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka emilenzeni

I-Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) isakazeka kanjani?

Amakhizane athwala futhi asakaze i-RMSF. E-United States, ikhizane lezinja laseMelika kanye nekhizane lezinkuni laseRocky Mountain yizona ezibangela lokhu. Kwezinye izindawo, ezinye izinhlobo zamakhizane, njengekhizane lezinja elinsundu, nazo zingasakaza i-RMSF.

Ingabe i-RMSF iyathelelana kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye?

Cha, iRocky Mountain Spotted Fever ayithelelani (okungukuthi, ayithelelani).

Wazi kanjani ukuthi umkhaza ulunywe?

Uma ungaboni umkhaza emzimbeni wakho, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukubona ukuthi ulunywe umkhaza. Umkhaza ungashiya uphawu lapho ulunywe khona, ungashiya ubomvu, noma ungaphela ngaphandle kwezimpawu nhlobo.

Itholakala kanjani iRocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)?

Udokotela wakho uzoxilonga i-RMSF ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni ngokomzimba, izimpawu zakho, nokuthi ngabe ulunywe yini yi-tick. Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokuhlolwa kwesikhumba kungasiza ekuxilongeni i-RMSF, imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ayitholakali ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuqala ukwelashwa.

Uma uke waya endaweni lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi kube khona amakhizane emasontweni amabili edlule, noma ngabe awukhumbuli ukulunywa yikhizane noma ukuba nekhizane emzimbeni wakho, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubo ukuze banqume ukuthi bazoyelapha yini i-RMSF.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-RMSF?

Udokotela wakho angaxilonga i-RMSF ngokuhlolwa kwegazi nokuhlolwa kwesikhumba, kodwa imiphumela ingathatha isikhathi ukuthi ibuye. Udokotela wakho cishe kuzodingeka anqume ukuthi uzoyelapha yini i-RMSF ngaphambi kokuba imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa ibuye.

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kuthathwa isampula yegazi lakho ukuze kuhlolwe amagciwane abangela i-RMSF. Igazi lakho ngokuvamile alitholakali line-RMSF kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-7-10 ngemva kokugula. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uphinde uhlolwe igazi uma ukugula kwakho kuba kubi kakhulu noma ngemva kokuba usululame.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba: Ithuluzi elikhethekile elibizwa ngokuthi i-punch lisetshenziswa ukuthatha ucezu oluncane lwesikhumba esilondeni esikhumbeni sakho (lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengokugwazwa noma umuzwa omncane wokucasuka). Isampula yesikhumba bese ihlolwa izimpawu zebhaktheriya i-R. rickettsii.

Iphathwa kanjani iRocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)?

I-RMSF yelashwa ngama -antibiotic , avame ukuthathwa izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10.

Ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kakhulu uma uqala ukwelashwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu izimpawu zakho ziqalile. Uma uqala ama-antibiotic sekwephuzile, i-RMSF ingalimaza umzimba wakho futhi ibangele izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila.

Uma uba nezinkinga, ungadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kungafaka ukumpontshelwa igazi, ukuphefumula ngomshini, noma okunye ukwelashwa.

Yimiphi imithi esetshenziswayo ye-RMSF?

I-Doxycycline iyona kuphela i-antibiotic enconywayo yokwelapha i-RMSF. Uma une-allergy ku -doxycycline , udokotela wakho angakunika i-chloramphenicol njengenye indlela. Kodwa-ke, i-chloramphenicol kunzima ukuyithola kwamanye amazwe, futhi ayisebenzi kahle ku-RMSF njenge -doxycycline .

Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu ze-RMSF?

Uma izimpawu zakho zingezimbi kakhulu, ungase ukwazi ukuzilawula ekhaya ngemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi yimiphi imithi ephephile ukuyisebenzisa.

Ngizolulama ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-RMSF?

Uma uqala ama-antibiotic ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu zakho ze-RMSF ziqala, kufanele uzizwe ungcono zingakapheli amahora angu-48. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka uthathe ama-antibiotic izinsuku ezimbalwa ezengeziwe. Ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono, qhubeka uthatha yonke imithi njengoba uyalelwe. Uma izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Ngingayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yeRocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)?

Ukugwema ukulunywa yizimpukane kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi ye-RMSF.

• Gunda igceke lakho njalo. Utshani obungaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-1.5 buheha imikhaza.
• Uma uhamba ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, sebenzisa izindlela ezihlanziwe kuphela.
• Sebenzisa izifutho zezinambuzane eziqukethe izithako ezixosha amakhizane (isibonelo, lezo eziqukethe i-DEET).
• Uma uya ehlathini noma ezindaweni ezinotshani obude, gqoka izingubo ezimboza umzimba wakho ngangokunokwenzeka. Ezinye izingubo ziza zilashwe kusengaphambili ukuze zivikeleke ezifweni.
• Hlola umzimba wakho ukuthi awunazo yini izimpukane ngemva kokubuya ngaphandle. Uma kungenzeka, cela omunye umuntu ukuthi ahlole izindawo ongaziboni (njengomhlane wakho noma isikhumba sekhanda).
• Vikela izilwane zakho ezifuywayo ezifweni zama-tick ngemithi enconywe udokotela wezilwane. Hlola njalo ama-tick ngemva kokuba ephumile.

Yini ongayilindela uma ungenwa yiRocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)?

Iningi labantu liyalulama kwi-RMSF ngaphandle kwezinkinga zesikhathi eside uma lithola ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezinkinga ezinkulu ngokwanele ukuthi zidinge ukulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze bathole ukwelashwa.

Ngisho noma uphilile, ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside zingavela.

Izinkinga Zomkhuhlane Obangelwa Yizimpukane Ezivela Emaweni AseRocky Mountain (RMSF)

Ngisho noma ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, abanye abantu abane-RMSF bangaba nezinkinga ezinkulu noma ezisongela ukuphila, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Ukulimala kwezinso okukhulu
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu
• I-anemia
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Ukopha kwangaphakathi
• I-Sepsis (isimo esifana noshevu wegazi)
• Ukukhubazeka okuyingxenye
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kwendle (`ukungakwazi ukuzibamba`) noma umchamo (`ukungakwazi ukuzibamba`)
• I-gangrene edinga ukunqunywa
• Ukutheleleka/ukuvuvukala kobuchopho (i-encephalitis)
• Ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba

Umbono wama-RMSF

Amathuba okululama ngenxa ye-RMSF mahle uma elashwa kusenesikhathi. E-United States, izinga lokufa ngenxa ye-RMSF, ngisho noma belashwa, liphakathi kuka-5% no-10%. Kwamanye amazwe, njengeMexico neBrazil, leli phesenti liphezulu kakhulu.

Uma ugula kakhulu nge-RMSF, ungase ube nemiphumela yesikhathi eside ngisho nangemva kokuba usululame. Isibonelo:

• Ukulimala kwemizwa noma ukukhubazeka
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono
• Izinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa, njengezinkinga zokulinganisela noma isiyezi (i-vertigo)

Ingabe iRocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

I-RMSF ivame ukuxazululeka ngokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase baqhubeke nokuba nezimpawu ngisho nangemva kokuba ukutheleleka sekuphelile, ngenxa yokulimala kwemizwa nezicubu.

Uma ingelashwa, amathuba okufa ngenxa ye-RMSF aphakathi kuka-20% no-30%.

Ingabe i-RMSF ingenzeka izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa?

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzothola i-RMSF izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi uma usuthole i-RMSF, uba `nokuzivikela' kuyo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho uyazi ukuthi ungayilwa kanjani nayo, ngakho ngeke iphinde yenzeke.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani uma ngine-RMSF?

Uma udokotela wakho ekwelapheni i-RMSF, qiniseka ukuthi uthatha yonke imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe. Uma uyeka ukuthatha ama-antibiotic kusenesikhathi, ungase ubuye ugule.

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ungazilawula kanjani kangcono izimpawu zakho ekhaya. I-RMSF ingaba yimbi kakhulu ngokushesha. Uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha noma uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela mayelana neRocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)?

Uma ulunywe yi-tick, noma uma uke waba sendaweni lapho kukhona khona ama-tick futhi unezimpawu ze-RMSF, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Ngisho noma ulunywe yikhikhi kodwa ungenazo izimpawu, awudingi ukubona udokotela okwamanje - ukuthatha ama-antibiotics ngaphandle kokugula ngeke kusize ekuvimbeleni i-RMSF.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze:

• Uma umkhuhlane ungaphezu kuka-39.4 Celsius (103 Fahrenheit)
• Uma ukhwehlela igazi
• Uma izandla noma izinyawo zakho zivuvukele
• Uma unesifo sesisu esibuhlungu kakhulu
• Uma unokudideka noma ezinye izinguquko zengqondo
• Uma kwenzeka ukuxhuzula
• Uma une-nausea noma ubuthakathaka ezithweni zakho
• Uma uhlanza kakhulu

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

• Ngingawuthatha kanjani umuthi wami?
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma eziya ziba zimbi okufanele ngiziqaphele?
• Ngizolulama ngokushesha kangakanani?
• Kufanele ngize nini ukukubona futhi?

Izinto Okufanele Uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Ofanele Uwuthathe Ekhaya)

Ama-tick awagcini nje ngokucasula - ukulunywa kwawo okuncane kungakwenza ugule kakhulu. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) ukugwema ukulunywa ama-tick. Kodwa-ke, uma ulunywe yi-tick futhi unezimpawu, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokululama ngokushesha. Nakekela impilo yakho futhi uhlale uphephile!

Amakhizane , Umkhuhlane Onamabala Ezintaba Ezinamadwala, Umkhuhlane, Ukuqubuka Kwesikhumba, Ukutheleleka Kwamagciwane, Ukuvikelwa Kwamakhizane, Ama-antibiotic