Amabala amnyama embonweni wakho? Konke nge-Scotoma ngamagama alula!

Wake waphawula ukuthi uma ubheka into ethile, ngokuzumayo ubona ichashazi elincane elimnyama, noma ngezinye izikhathi indawo encane efiphele phakathi kwalokho okubonayo? Mhlawumbe awuzange uyinake kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinto zingaba uphawu lwenkinga ngokubona kwethu. Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Scotoma . Akukho okufanele sikwesabe, ake sikuqonde kalula lokhu.

Iyini i-Scotoma? Ake sithole kalula!

Kalula nje, i-scotoma yisimo lapho sinendawo emnyama ensimini yethu evamile yokubona, noma ingxenye yensimu yethu yokubona engabonakali. Cabanga ngakho njengohlamvu olulodwa noma ezimbili ezifiphazwayo uma ufunda iphephandaba, noma indawo ebonakala ifiphazwa uma ubuka i-TV. Yilokho okuyikho. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kwenzeka esweni elilodwa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka kuwo womabili amehlo.

Leli igama lesiGreki elisho 'ubumnyama'. Ngakho-ke, okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi imizwa engxenyeni yeso lethu ebizwa ngokuthi i-'retina' , noma 'i-optic nerve' ethwala imiyalezo esuka lapho iya ebuchosheni, ayisebenzi kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho imiyalezo evela kuleyo ngxenye iya ebuchosheni ayihambi, ngakho asiyiboni leyo ngxenye, njengechashazi elimnyama. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba okwesikhashana, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba unomphela. Lesi simo singavela ezifweni ezithinta i-optic nerve noma izingxenye ezithile zobuchopho.

Sizibona kanjani izinto? Ake siqonde kancane.

Ukuze uqonde i-scotoma, kungcono ukuqonda nje ukuthi sibona kanjani izinto. Zicabange ubheka imbali enhle.

1. Ukukhanya kuboniswa kuleyo mbali futhi kufinyelela esweni lakho.

2. Uma ukukhanya kungena esweni, kuwela engxenyeni efana nesikrini ngemuva kweso ebizwa ngokuthi i-retina . I-retina iqukethe izigidi zamaseli azwela ukukhanya.

3. Lawa maseli aguqula ukukhanya kube yizimpawu zikagesi, njengenzwa ekhamera.

4. Ngemuva kwalokho, lezi zimpawu zikagesi ziyiswa ebuchosheni ngenzwa ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-optic nerve .

5. Ubuchopho yibo obuhlaziya lezi zimpawu futhi bukwenze uqonde ukuthi, "O, lena imbali ebomvu enhle."

Uyaqonda manje? Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona iphutha noma umonakalo ku-retina, i-optic nerve, noma izingxenye zobuchopho ezihlobene nombono, lowo myalezo awuhambi kahle. Yilapho kuvela khona izinkinga zokubona njenge-scotoma.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ze-scotoma?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-scotoma. Abanye abantu bawabiza nangokuthi ``scotomata`` (okusho ukuthi kunezingaphezu kweyodwa). Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusekelwe lapho kuvela khona ibala elimnyama, noma ngezinye izikhathi kusekelwe kumbala owubonayo (isb. ``xanthic scotoma`` - ukubona ibala eliphuzi).

Ngokuyinhloko, i-scotoma 'enhle' kanye ne-scotoma 'engembi'Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-glaucoma. Ku-'positive' ungabona into ethile, njengebala elimnyama, njengombala. Kodwa ku-'negative' awuqapheli nokuthi unalelo bala elimnyama. Litholakala kuphela uma udokotela ehlola amehlo akho. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi ngabe lisesweni elilodwa ('icala elilodwa' noma 'icala elilodwa') noma kuwo womabili amehlo ('icala elilodwa' noma 'icala elilodwa').

Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko:

1. I-Central Scotoma

Okwenzekayo kulesi simo ukuthi indawo emnyama, noma ukufiphala, iphakathi nendawo yalokho okubukayo. Kwabanye abantu, ibukeka njengebala elimnyama eliqondile. Kwabanye, ibukeka sengathi iyabonakala uma ubheka phambili, kodwa indawo ephakathi ayicacile, ibukeka ifiphele. Cabanga ukuthi uma ubheka ubuso bomuntu, ubona uhlangothi lwesokudla lwekhala lakhe kuphela. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Central Scotoma'.

2. I-Scotoma Ecwebezelayo

Lona uhlukile kancane. Ubukeka njengephethini egobile, enamagagasi, ecwebezelayo. Ngezinye izikhathi usuka ekukhanyeni uye ebumnyameni, bese ubuyela ekukhanyeni futhi. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuphambuka kwesikhashana ezimpawini zikagesi zobuchopho. Uma une -migraine ene-aura , kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabhekana nento ebizwa ngokuthi i-'scintillating scotoma.' Lokhu ngokuvamile akuhlali isikhathi eside futhi kuyanyamalala ngemva kwesikhashana. Abanye abantu babona la maphethini acwebezelayo ngaphambi kokuba bathole ikhanda le-migraine.

3. I-Paracentral Scotoma

Kulesi simo, indawo emnyama ayikho phakathi nalokho okubukayo, kodwa iseduze kancane . Ngokusho kodokotela, itholakala ngaphakathi kwamadigri ayi-10 ukusuka endaweni oyibukayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba khona ama-'Paracentral Scotoma' angaphezu kweyodwa afana nalawa.

4. I-Junctional Scotoma

Lokhu kwenzeka uma kunomonakalo endaweni lapho i-optic nerve yethu (`optic nerve`) kanye ne-optic chiasm (`optic chiasm`) kuhlangana khona. Le `optic chiasm` iyindawo enobume obungu-'X' eduze kwesisekelo sobuchopho, lapho i-optic nerve ingena khona ebuchosheni. Yilapho eminye yemicu evela emithanjeni yamehlo ishintsha khona. Ngakho-ke uma kukhona umonakalo lapha, kuvela uhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kokubona.

Manje usunombono oqondile ngalezi zinhlobo? Khumbula, odokotela kuphela abangaxilonga lezi zinhlobo ngokunembile.

Ingabe le scotoma iyenzeka kuwo wonke umuntu?

Eqinisweni, sonke sinendawo engabonakali ngokwemvelo emehlweni ethu . Yilapho i-optic nerve idlula khona nge-retina iye ebuchosheni. Awekho amangqamuzana azwela ukukhanya kuleyo ndawo. Kodwa ngokuvamile asikuqapheli. Uyazi ukuthini? Ubuchopho bethu buhlakaniphe kakhulu , bugcwalisa leso sikhala futhi businika isithombe esiphelele. Futhi kulinganiswa ngokubona okuvela kwelinye iso.

Kodwa-ke, i-scotoma esikhuluma ngayo ihlukile endaweni emnyama yemvelo, futhi ibangelwa yisimo esithile sezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke akuwona wonke umuntu, yenzeka ngezizathu ezithile.

Uma une-scotoma, yiziphi izimpawu ongase ube nazo?

Izimpawu ze-scotoma zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, futhi zingahluka kuye ngohlobo. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile:

• Ingxenye yesithombe osibukayo ibonakala ivinjiwe noma iphambene. Ingase ibonakale njengechashazi elimnyama, ichashazi elimpunga, noma isikhala esingenalutho.
• Ukungakwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala ethile. Isibonelo, obomvu ubonakala unsundu.
• Kudingeka ukukhanya okukhulu ukuze ubone kahle. Ukuzwa ukuthi umbono mubi nakakhulu ezindaweni ezimnyama.
• Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ubone izinto ezincane zintanta phambi kwamehlo akho ('ama-eye floaters') noma ubone ukukhanya okukhanyayo.

Okubalulekile: Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, ungazinaki. Kungcono ukubona udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha bese umhlola, njengoba lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuqala zesimo esibucayi kakhulu.

Yini ebangela i-scotoma?

Akukho imbangela eyodwa ye-scotoma, kodwa ziningi. Lokhu kungaba yizinkinga nge-retina yakho, ubuchopho, noma i-optic nerve. Nazi ezinye zezimbangela eziyinhloko:

• Umdlavuza : Umdlavuza wobuchopho noma wamehlo.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) : Lesi yisifo esithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa.
• Ukulimala kwe-retina : Isibonelo, ukulimala okubangelwa yinto eshaya iso, noma ukusha kwe-retina.
• I-Glaucoma : Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso ikhuphuka futhi yonakalise inzwa yokubona.
• Isifo sohlangothi : Ukulimala kwamangqamuzana obuchopho ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni.
• Ukuguga Okuhlobene Nokuguga Kwe-Macular Degeneration (AMD) : Lesi yisimo lapho umbono ophakathi weso uphazamiseka khona.
• Isifo Sikashukela : Isifo sikashukela singalimaza imithambo yegazi emehlweni.
• Imiphumela emibi yemithi ethile .

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimbangela eziqondile zezinhlobo ze-scotoma okuxoxwe ngazo.

Izimbangela zeCentral Scotoma

Lesi simo lapho ungakwazi ukubona khona ngqo isikhungo salokho okubukayo singabangelwa yilokhu:

• Lokho okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambilini mayelana nokuwohloka kwe-macular .
• Ukuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi , ikakhulukazi lezo ezithinta izingxenye zobuchopho ezilawula ukubona.
• Izimila zobuchopho .
• Izibazi ezibangelwa ukulimala kwamehlo .
• Ukulimala Kobuchopho Obubuhlungu (i-TBI)

Izimbangela ze-Junctional Scotoma

Le scotoma, eyenzeka lapho kuhlangana khona i-optic nerve kanye ne-optic chiasm, ingabangelwa yilokhu okulandelayo:

• Izimila ze-pituitary gland : Le gland iseduze kakhulu ne-optic chiasm.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, isibonelo , i-craniopharyngioma .
• Ama-Aneurysm ayenzeka lapho izindonga zemithambo yegazi ziba buthakathaka futhi zivuvukala njengebhaluni.
• Ezinye izifo, isibonelo i-syphilis kanye nesifo sofuba .
• Izimo ezisusa i-myelin, njenge- multiple sclerosis, zilimaza i-myelin sheath ezungeze izinzwa.

Izimbangela ze-Paracentral Scotoma

La mabala amnyama avela kancane eceleni kwesikhungo sokubona angabangelwa yilokhu okulandelayo:

• I-Glaucoma : Ngezinye izikhathi i-arcuate paracentral scotoma ingenzeka.
• I-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela .
• Ukwephuka kwe-retinal kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-retinal .

Izimbangela Zokuqaqamba Kwe-Scotoma

Ama-Scotoma, abonakala njengamaphethini akhazimulayo, anamagagasi, angabangelwa yilokhu:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elibangelwa yi-migraine , okungukuthi, ikhanda elibuhlungu elihambisana noma elingenayo i-'aura'.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (Umfutho wegazi ophezulu - Umfutho wegazi ophakeme) .
• Izinguquko emazingeni ama-hormone .
• Ezinye izinkinga ngenqubo yokujiya kwegazi (`Ukuphazamiseka kokujiya kwegazi`).
• I-Retinitis Pigmentosa : Leli yiqembu lezifo ezithinta i-retina, okubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono kancane kancane.
• I-retinopathy ehlobene nomdlavuza .

Cabanga ukuthi lezi zimbangela zihlukahlukene kangakanani. Yingakho kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma ubona ngisho noshintsho oluncane embonweni wakho.

Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-scotoma?

Uma usola ukuthi une-scotoma, kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela wamehlo. Uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezinkinga zamehlo (umlando wezokwelapha). Ngemuva kwalokho, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele : Lokhu ukuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu. Kuhilela ukuhlola umbono wakho kanye nempilo yamehlo akho usebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokukhanyisa amehlo akho nokukuvumela ukuthi ufunde izinhlamvu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo: Lokhu kuwukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Kuhilela ukugcina amehlo akho endaweni eyodwa nokulinganisa ukuthi ungabona kude kangakanani okuzungezile nokuthi umbono wakho ubucayi kangakanani ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zensimu yakho yokubona. Kungase kudingeke uhlale phambi komshini okubuza ukuthi ungabona yini ukukhanya okuncane. Lena yindlela ongathola ngayo ukuthi lawo mabala amnyama akuphi ngqo.
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) : Lena futhi indlela yokuthwebula izithombe engenabuhlungu, engaphakathi kweso. Ifana nokuskena. Ithatha izithombe ezinqamula izingqimba ze-retina kanye ne-optic nerve. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo noma ukuvuvukala.

Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo, uma udokotela esola ukuthi i-scotoma ibangelwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha (isib. isifo sikashukela, i-glaucoma, isimila sobuchopho), angase ancome ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe (njengokuhlolwa kwegazi, i-MRI scan).

Iphathwa kanjani i-Scotoma?

Ukwelapha i-scotoma empeleni kumayelana nokwelapha isimo esiyisisekelo esibangele lokho . Isibonelo, uma i-scotoma ibangelwa i-glaucoma, ingalawulwa ngokwelapha i-glaucoma (amaconsi amehlo, ukwelashwa nge-laser, noma ukuhlinzwa). Ngokufanayo, ezimweni ezifana nokuwohloka kwe-macular, isifo sohlangothi, noma umdlavuza, ukwelapha isimo esiyisisekelo kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, amanye ama-scotoma awadingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile . Isibonelo, uma i-scotoma ekhazimulayo esikhulume ngayo iza ne-migraine, ngezinye izikhathi iyaphela ngemva kokulala kancane, ukuphumula, nokuphuza amanzi.

Uma une-scotoma efana nale kanye ne-migraines, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokunciphisa izinhlungu, imithi ekhethekile efana ne -triptans , noma imithi yokulwa nokuquleka ukusiza ukulawula i-migraines yakho.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela, uthole imbangela eqondile, bese uthola ukwelashwa okufanele, kunokuba uzelapha.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela le scotoma ukuthi ingenzeki?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, okwamanje ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ngokuphelele i-scotoma ukuthi ingenzeki kwezinye izimo. Isibonelo, kunezinye izimo ezibangelwa izici zofuzo.

Kodwa-ke, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulawula ezinye izimo eziyisisekelo kunganciphisa ingozi yokuthola i-scotoma. Isibonelo:

• Uma une -migraines , ukusebenzisa imithi enikezwe udokotela wakho kahle nokunciphisa ukuvama kwe-migraines nakho kunganciphisa ukwenzeka kwe-scotomas ehambisanayo.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela , kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwamehlo akho okubangelwa isifo sikashukela.
• Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) , udinga ukulawula lokho futhi.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo . Lokhu kuvumela izifo ezifana ne-glaucoma ukuthi zitholakale futhi zelashwe zisesencane.
• Ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla kahle, ukuzivocavoca, nokugwema ukubhema) kuhle empilweni yamehlo iyonke, kanye nomzimba wonke.

Kalula nje, ukunakekela amehlo ethu kuyinto engcono kakhulu esingayenza.

Kwenzekani uma ngithola i-scotoma? Ayini amathuba esikhathi esizayo?

Isiphetho se-scotoma, ukuthi sizoba ngcono, sizohlala sinjalo, noma sizoba sibi kakhulu , kuncike embangela yaso .

• Amanye amabala amnyama awesikhashana. Isibonelo, lapho i-migraine iphela, noma lapho umfutho wegazi ubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile, i-scotoma ehambisanayo iyanyamalala.
• Kodwa-ke, uma i-scotoma ibangelwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha, ingase ingapheli noma ingase ikhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isibonelo, ama-scotoma abangelwa i-glaucoma engalashwanga noma ukuwohloka kwe-macular angase akhule kancane kancane.

Ukuba ne-scotoma, ikakhulukazi i-scotoma ephakathi esikhulume ngayo, kungathinta ikhono lakho lokufunda nokushayela . Ngoba kunzima ukwenza lezo zinto uma ungakwazi ukubona isikhungo sento ethile.

Uma kunjalo, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinsiza zokubona okuphansi . Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukukhanya okufanele
• Izikhulisi zokufunda
• Imishini engakufundela

Izinto ezinjengalezi zingakusiza ukuthi ufeze imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela uma ngine-scotoma? Yiziphi izimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho noma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu , bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ungalibali.

Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimpawu zenzeka ngokuzumayo nge-scotoma, zingase zibe yisimo esiphuthumayo. Shayela u-911 ngokushesha, noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo lesibhedlela esiseduze:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu eliqala ngokuzumayo.
• Izinkinga zokukhuluma.
• Ukuba ndikindiki ezithweni zakho noma ebusweni.
• Isicanucanu.
• Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kanye nokuntanta phambi kwamehlo, kanye nomthunzi omnyama noma ibala elimnyama. Lezi yizimpawu zokuqhekeka kwe-retina.Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise: Ukwephuka noma ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal ngokuvamile akubuhlungu, kodwa kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha!

Khumbula, ukunganaki lezi zimpawu ezinzima kungaholela ekulimaleni kwamehlo okungapheli noma kwezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Igama elithi 'scotoma' lingase lingajwayelekile kuwe njengegama elithi 'indawo engaboni', kodwa womabili asho into efanayo. I-scotoma ingasho ukuthi ubona into engekho, noma ingasho ukuthi awukwazi ukubona into ofuna ukuyibona. Abanye abantu abanama-scotoma abaqapheli nokuthi banawo.

Njenganoma yisiphi isimo sezokwelapha, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho . Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba yinto encane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lokuqala lokuthile okungathi sína kakhulu.

Uma unesifo esibangela izinkinga ezinkulu zokubona, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinto ezingakusiza (isib. amaqembu okusekelana, izinsiza zokubona okuphansi). Amehlo akho ayimpahla eyigugu, ngakho-ke kungumthwalo wakho wemfanelo ukuwanakekela. Uyaqonda? Ungakhathazeki, noma yini ingaxoxwa nodokotela wakho futhi kungatholakala ikhambi.

I- Scotoma, indawo emnyama, umbono, izifo zamehlo, i-retina, inzwa yokubona, i-glaucoma, i-migraine, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo