Zicabange ungumuntu ophilile kahle, ongenasifo noma ubuhlungu obuthile, oqhubeka nomsebenzi wakho wansuku zonke. Uzivocavoca, udla kahle, futhi uphuza. Kodwa ngokuzumayo, ngokungazelelwe, uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni sakho, ukuqina. Uqala ukujuluka, uba nobunzima bokuphefumula, futhi uzwa ubuhlungu obuwela engalweni yakho. Yini into yokuqala efika engqondweni yakho? "O, ingabe nginesifo senhliziyo?" Akusikho yini ukwesaba lokho? Kodwa lezi zimpawu azifani ngaso sonke isikhathi nezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuvamile esikwaziyo. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esifana, kodwa esihlukile kancane, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabesifazane abasebasha, abanempilo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection' noma '(SCAD)' ngamafuphi.
Kalula nje, iyini i-SCAD?
Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, empeleni kulula kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani. Cabanga ngenhliziyo yethu njengenjini esebenza njalo. Le njini idinga ukuhlinzekwa kwegazi njalo, okusho umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba, ukuze isebenze. Leli gazi lithwalwa liye emisipheni yenhliziyo yimithambo yegazi efana nohlelo oluncane lwamapayipi. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi imithambo yenhliziyo.
Manje, nakuba lo mthambo wenhliziyo ufana nepayipi, udonga lwawo lwakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu ezinamathele ndawonye. Njengekhekhe lezingqimba. Endabeni ye-SCAD, okwenzekayo ukuthi, ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, ukudabuka okuncane kwakheka ngokuzumayo kwenye yezingqimba ezingaphakathi kwalolu donga lwemithambo.
Cabanga ukuthi kwenzekani lapho ingaphakathi lepayipi lamanzi lidabuka kancane. Umfutho wamanzi ubangela ukuba amanzi avuza ngokudabuka futhi abhajwe phakathi kwezindonga ezimbili zepayipi. Ngokufanayo, uma kukhona ukudabuka emthanjeni, igazi eligeleza ngaphansi komfutho ophezulu liyavuza phakathi kwalezi zindwangu ezimbili bese liqoqana. Uma igazi libhajwe ngale ndlela, liqhuma odongeni lwemithambo ngaleso sikhathi, livimbe ukugeleza kwegazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-hematoma". Lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuncishiswa noma kuvimbeke ngokuphelele ngale ndlela, inani legazi elifinyelela emisipheni yenhliziyo liyancipha. Yilapho izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo esikhulume ngazo ngaphambili zivela khona.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-SCAD akuyona isifo senhliziyo, esivame ukubangelwa yi-cholesterol deposits (atherosclerosis) evimba imithambo yegazi. Lena inqubo ehluke ngokuphelele.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Ukubona kanjani?
Izimpawu ze-SCAD zifana kakhulu nezokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuvamile, ngakho-ke kulula ukuzidida lezi ezimbili. Kodwa uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukuziphatha njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha .
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ingcindezi | Lolu uphawu oluvame kakhulu. Kungase kuzwakale sengathi isifuba sakho siyaqina noma siyacinana. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Ungase uzizwe uphelelwa umoya futhi isifuba sakho singase sizizwe sigcwele. |
| Ubuhlungu engalweni, ehlombe, entanyeni, noma emhlathini | Ubuhlungu besifuba bungase budlulele engalweni yesobunxele, ehlombe, noma emhlathini. |
| Ukujuluka ngokweqile | Ungase uzizwe ubanda futhi ujuluka ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Isiyezi noma ikhanda elibuthakathaka | Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma ubuthakathaka. |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | Ukuhlanza kungahambisana nobuhlungu besisu. |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo | Ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha. |
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ungalibali isikhashana. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU) ngokushesha noma ushayele i-ambulensi. Lokhu akuyona into ongayigcina ekhaya.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-SCAD?
Lokhu kuyinto emangaza kakhulu nge-SCAD. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuvame ukwenzeka kubantu asebekhulile, abanezici eziyingozi ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye ne-cholesterol. Kodwa i-SCAD ayinjalo.
- Okuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane: Kubantu abayi-10 abane-SCAD, abangu-9 ngabesifazane.
- Ebancane: Lesi simo sivamile, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abanempilo abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40-50 abangenazo ezinye izici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo.
- Okuhlobene nokukhulelwa: Abanye besifazane bangase babe nalesi simo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngemva kokubeletha. Kukholakala ukuthi sibangelwa izinguquko zamahomoni kanye nokucindezeleka kokubeletha.
- Ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo: Ukuphakamisa izinsimbi ezisindayo ngokuzumayo, ukuvivinya umzimba okunzima, noma ukulimala okukhulu ngokomzwelo noma ukudabuka kungaba yimbangela yesifo se-SCAD.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha: Abantu abane-Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) (isifo esenza buthaka izindonga zemithambo yegazi), izifo zezicubu ezixhumeneyo njenge-Marfan syndrome, kanye ne-lupus nazo zisengozini.
Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu?
Uma uya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo, into yokuqala odokotela abayenzayo ukuhlola ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo yini. Benza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze bathole ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo yini. Kudingeka ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ukuze kutholakale ngokunembile i-SCAD.
| Ukuhlolwa | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram) | Umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo uyaqoshwa futhi izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ziyahlolwa. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi | Amazinga ama-enzyme aqongelela egazini lapho imisipha yenhliziyo yonakele ayahlolwa. |
| I-Angiogram ye-Coronary | Lolu yisivivinyo esiyinhloko nesibaluleke kakhulu sokuxilonga i-SCAD.Kufakwa ithubhu elincane ngomthambo engalweni noma emlenzeni bese kufakwa idayi ekhethekile emithanjeni yenhliziyo. Kube sekuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kubhekwe ngaphakathi kwemithambo. Endabeni ye-SCAD, lokhu kungabonisa ngokucacile ukuthi umthambo uqhume kanjani nokuthi ukugeleza kwegazi kuvinjiwe. |
| IVUS noma u-OCT | Lezi yizikena ezikhethekile ezenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-angiogram ukuze kubonakale ingaphakathi lomthambo ngokucacile. |
Kuphathwa kanjani? Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama?
Ukwelashwa kwe-SCAD kuhlukile kancane kunokwelapha ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuvamile. Ngokumangazayo, izimo eziningi ze-SCAD ziyaphela ngokwazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngemithi, ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa noma izinqubo ezinkulu. Umzimba ungaphulukisa umthambo odabukile ngokwawo.
Izindlela zokwelapha
- Ukwelashwa ngemithi: Imithi efana ne-aspirin yokuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi, ama-beta-blocker okulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi kanye nokukhulula imithambo yegazi, kanye nemithi yokulawula ubuhlungu besifuba ibalulekile.
- Ukulaliswa esibhedlela: Isiguli sigcinwa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile noma ewadini lesibhedlela izinsuku eziningana, futhi ukusebenza kwenhliziyo kuqashwe ngokucophelela.
- I-Angioplasty kanye ne-Stenting: Lokhu kwenziwa kaningi kakhulu. Kuphela uma umthambo uvalekile ngokuphelele futhi impilo yesiguli isengozini, kusetshenziswa ibhaluni ukufutha umthambo bese kufakwa idivayisi efana ne-mesh (stent) ukuze ihlale ivulekile.
- Ukuhlinzwa Kokudlula: Lokhu akuvamile ukwenziwa nge-SCAD.
Isikhathi sokululama siyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ngokuvamile kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe izinsuku ezi-3-5. Kungathatha amasonto amaningana noma izinyanga ukuthi umthambo odabukile uphole ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela ngokucophelela phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
Ngemva kokululama
Ngisho nangemva kokululama, kuzodingeka uqhubeke nokuya emtholampilo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wenhliziyo.
- Ukuvuselelwa Kwenhliziyo: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Lolu hlelo lukusiza ukuthi uvivinye umzimba ngokuphephile ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela, udle ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo, futhi ulawule ukucindezeleka.
- Izinguquko endleleni yokuphila: Udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi ugweme ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo kanye nemisebenzi ebeka umthwalo omkhulu emzimbeni wakho.
Uma kwenzeka i-SCAD, kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile futhi ukhathazekile, uzibuza ukuthi, "Ingabe into efana nalena izophinde yenzeke?" Khuluma ngokukhululekile ngalokhu nodokotela wakho. Funa iseluleko sengqondo uma kudingeka.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-SCAD yisimo esiphuthumayo esibangela ukuqhekeka kwemithambo yegazi enhliziyweni ngokuzumayo, yize inezimpawu ezifanayo nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kodwa ihlukile.
- Lesi simo sivame ukubonakala kwabesifazane abasebasha abaphilile abangekho engozini yokuthola ezinye izifo zenhliziyo.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukujuluka ngokweqile, ungazinaki. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
- Iningi leziguli ze-SCAD liyalulama ngokuphelele ngemithi, futhi ukuhlinzwa akuvamile.
- Ngemva kokululama, ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho, ukuqhubeka nokuya emtholampilo, kanye nokuhlanganyela ezinhlelweni zokuvuselela inhliziyo kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho yesikhathi esizayo.
- Unganqikazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokwesaba nokukhathazeka obhekana nakho ngemva kokubhekana nalesi simo futhi ufune ukwesekwa kwengqondo okudingekayo.
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