Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi ' Stem Cells ' ndawana thize. Mhlawumbe ku-movie, ephephandabeni, noma ku-inthanethi. Abanye bathi lokhu kungalapha noma yisiphi isifo. Abanye bathi kuyesabisa kancane. Ngakho-ke ayini ngempela lawa ma-stem cell? Ingabe lokhu kuyinto ezoshintsha ikusasa lezokwelapha ngempela? Ake sixoxe ngakho ngqo, kalula, namuhla.
Kalula nje, ayini la ma-stem cell?
Cabanga ngebhola lobumba. Singenza noma yini ngalelo bhola lobumba, njengodoli, imbiza, isilwane. Yilokho amaseli okuqala anjalo. Lawa 'amangqamuzana amakhulu' noma 'amangqamuzana amakhulu' emzimbeni wethu. Lawa maseli anamakhono amabili amangalisayo.
1. Ukudala amaseli e-stem engeziwe (Ukuzivuselela): Iseli elilodwa le-stem lingahlukanisa futhi lidale amaseli e-stem engeziwe ohlobo olufanayo.
2. Ukwehlukanisa: Leli yikhono elimangalisayo kakhulu. Lawa maseli okuqala angaguquka abe yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamaseli akhethekile umzimba wethu oludingayo. Isibonelo, angaba amaseli egazi , amangqamuzana obuchopho ( ama-neurons ), amangqamuzana emisipha yenhliziyo, amangqamuzana esikhumba , amangqamuzana amathambo , njll.
Ayikho enye iseli emzimbeni wethu enaleli khono. Yingakho odokotela nososayensi benesithakazelo kangaka kula maseli okuqala.
Kungani amaseli okuqala ebaluleke kangaka?
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi amandla ala maseli angenza umehluko omkhulu kwezokwelapha esikhathini esizayo. Abalulekile ngezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko.
| Ukubaluleka | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa okusekelwe kumaseli | Cabanga ukuthi ingxenye yenhliziyo yomuntu inesifo. Bekungaba kuhle kangakanani uma singasebenzisa amaseli okuqala ukudala amaseli amasha emisipha yenhliziyo bese siwafaka engxenyeni enesifo? Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umuthi wokuvuselela . Kusho ukulungisa noma ukuvuselela izicubu noma izitho ezonakele. |
| Ukuqonda ukuthi izifo zenzeka kanjani | Ngokubheka indlela i-stem cell ekhula ngayo ibe yiseli lomdlavuza noma elinye iseli elinesifo elabhorethri, singathola ukuqonda okujulile kokuthi lezo zifo zivela kanjani ngempela. Lolu lwazi luzosiza kakhulu ekutholeni izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha. |
| Ukuhlola imithi emisha | Ngaphambi kokuba umuthi omusha unikezwe abantu, udinga ukuhlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi uphephile futhi usebenza kahle yini. Amaseli e-stem angasetshenziswa ukukhulisa amaseli ahlobene nezifo (isib., amaseli esibindi) elabhorethri, futhi umuthi omusha ungahlolwa kulawo maseli. Lokhu kunganikeza ukuqonda okungcono ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kubantu. |
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaseli okuqala?
Sikhuluma kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli okuqala.
1. Amaseli Esiqu Se-Embryonic
Lawa amaseli 'aphezulu' angenza konke. Njengoba igama lisho, atholakala kuma-embryo. Ngokukhethekile, atholakala ocwaningweni kuma-embryo angasetshenziswa ngemuva kokukhulelwa kwe-in vitro ( IVF ) bese esetshenziswa (ngemvume egcwele yabazali).
Elinye igama lala maseli yi-"pluripotent" cells. Lokhu kusho ukuthi angaba yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni. Ngenxa yaleli khono elingenamkhawulo, anamandla amakhulu okulungisa izicubu ezonakele yizifo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi atholakala kuma-embryo, kunezimpikiswano ezithile zokuziphatha emhlabeni ngalokhu.
2. Amaseli Esiqu Abadala
Naphezu kwegama elithi "omdala," lawa maseli akhona emizimbeni yazo zonke izingane, izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Kodwa awanamandla njengamaseli okuqala e-embryonic. Avame ukutholakala ngamanani amancane ezicutshini ezahlukahlukene, njengomnkantsha, isikhumba, ubuchopho kanye nesibindi.
Amaseli okuqala abantu abadala avame ukwenza amaseli aqondene nezicubu akuzo. Isibonelo, iseli lokuqala esikhumbeni lingakha amaseli esikhumba amasha, kodwa hhayi amaseli enhliziyo.
Intuthuko yakamuva kwezesayensi: amaseli e-iPS
Ososayensi manje sebethole into emangalisayo. Bangathatha iseli elivamile, elikhula njengesikhumba sethu bese 'belihlela kabusha' elabhorethri ukuze liziphathe njengeseli le-embryonic stem. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-incuted pluripotent stem (amaseli e-iPS) . Lokhu kuvule ithuba elihle lokwenza ucwaningo ngaphandle kwezinkinga zokuziphatha ezihambisana nama-embryo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje ngama-stem cells?
Yilokhu abantu abaningi abafuna ukukwazi. Lapha sidinga ukuqonda kahle umehluko phakathi kokwelashwa okusetshenziswa ngempumelelo njengamanje kanye nokwelashwa okulindelekile esikhathini esizayo .
Ukwelashwa okuvunyelwe futhi okusetshenziswayo okwamanje
Ukwelashwa kwamaseli e-stem okuvamile futhi okuphumelelayo emhlabeni namuhla ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem okwakha igazi. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngalokhu 'njengokufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo.'
Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa kakhulu:
- Kumdlavuza wegazi (isib. i-Leukemia, i-Lymphoma)
- Kwezifo ezithile zegazi (isib. `I-Sickle cell anemia`)
- Ukwakha kabusha umongo wamathambo obhujiswe yi-chemotherapy yomdlavuza
Ngenxa yale njongo, ama-stem cell atholakala emnkantsheni wethambo lomnikeli onempilo, noma egazini le-umbilical cord lapho kuzalwa umntwana.
Amathemba esikhathi esizayo kanye nenqubekela phambili yocwaningo
Ososayensi banethemba lokuthi ukwelashwa ngamaseli okuqala kuzosetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezifweni eziningi esikhathini esizayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu kusesesigabeni socwaningo .
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer
- Isifo sikashukela
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Ukulimala komgogodla
- Isifo samathambo
Okubalulekile: Uma inhlangano ithi "iqinisekisa ukwelashwa kwamaseli e-stem" kulezi zifo, cabanga kabili. Lokhu akukavunyelwa njengokwelashwa okuvamile. Xoxa nganoma yini nodokotela wakho.
Ingabe lezi zindlela zokwelapha ziphephile? Ingabe zikhona izingozi?
Njenganoma yiluphi ubuchwepheshe obusha bezokwelapha, ukwelashwa ngamaseli e-stem kunezingozi nezinselele zako. Ososayensi bayazi kahle lezi zinto futhi basebenza ukuthola izixazululo zazo.
- Ingozi yomdlavuza:Ngenxa yokuthi ama-stem cell anekhono lokuhlukana ngokushesha, ngezinye izikhathi angahlukana ngokungalawuleki futhi akhe amathumba.
- Ukulimala kwezakhi zofuzo: Kunokwenzeka ukuthi amaseli akhuliswe elabhorethri angase ahlupheke ngokulimala kwezakhi zofuzo.
- Ukwenqatshwa kwesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba: Isimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba singase sihlasele amaseli esiwanikezwe ngaphandle komzimba, siwaphathe 'njengezitha zakwamanye amazwe'.
- Izingozi zendlela yokwelapha: Izingozi ezihlobene nezinqubo zokuhlinzwa zokuthola noma zokujova amaseli (isib. imijovo ebuchosheni, enhliziyweni).
Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ukunciphisa lezi zingozi. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola ukwelashwa okunjalo emithonjeni engagunyaziwe nengajwayelekile kungaba yingozi kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amaseli e-stem awuhlobo olukhethekile 'lweseli eliyinhloko' elingaba yinoma yiliphi iseli emzimbeni. Anamandla amakhulu kwezokwelapha.
- Njengamanje, ukwelashwa ngamaseli e-stem kusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi kabanzi kuphela kumdlavuza wegazi njenge-leukemia kanye nezifo ezithile zegazi.
- Ukwelashwa kwezimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, isifo sikaParkinson, nesifo senhliziyo kusesesigabeni sokucwaninga futhi akukavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa okuvamile.
- Ngaphambi kokuba ukholwe noma yini oyibonayo ku-inthanethi noma kwenye indawo mayelana nokwelashwa ngamaseli e-stem, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ofanelekayo ngakho.
- Qaphela kakhulu "imitholampilo yamaseli e-stem" engagunyaziwe nengajwayelekile. Ungabeki impilo yakho engozini.
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