Cishe uke wahlangana negama elithi ' Stem Cells ' kumamuvi, ezihlokweni zezindaba, noma ku-inthanethi. Abanye bathi bangelapha noma yisiphi isifo, kanti abanye bathi kungaba yingozi. Ngakho-ke, ayini ngempela ama-stem cell? Ingabe ayalishintsha ngempela ikusasa lezokwelapha? Ake sikuchaze kalula.
Ngamagama alula, Ayini Amaseli E-Stem?
Cabanga ngesigaxa sobumba. Ungasibumba sibe udoli, imbiza, noma isithombe esiqoshiwe. Amaseli esiqu asebenza ngendlela efanayo; angamaseli 'ayisisekelo' noma 'ayinhloko' omzimba. Lawa maseli anamakhono amabili amangalisayo:
1. Ukuzivuselela: Iseli eliyisisekelo lingahlukana futhi lidale olunye uhlobo lwalo.
2. Ukwehlukanisa: Lesi yisici sabo esimangalisayo kakhulu. Amaseli e-stem angaguquka abe amaseli akhethekile adingwa ngumzimba. Isibonelo, angaba amaseli egazi , amaseli obuchopho ( ama-neurons ), amaseli emisipha yenhliziyo, amaseli esikhumba , noma amaseli amathambo .
Ayikho enye iseli emzimbeni wakho enokuguquguquka okunjalo, yingakho odokotela nososayensi bejabule kangaka ngamakhono abo.
Kungani Amaseli E-Stem Ebaluleke Kangaka?
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-stem cell ayisihluthulelo senguquko kwezempilo yesikhathi esizayo. Abalulekile ngezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko:
| Ukubaluleka | Incazelo Elula |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa okusekelwe kumaseli | Cabanga ngomuntu onenhliziyo eyonakele. Uma singasebenzisa ama-stem cell ukukhulisa amaseli emisipha yenhliziyo anempilo bese siwafaka endaweni eyonakele, lokho kungaba ushintsho. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi i-Regenerative Medicine — isayensi yokulungisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni izicubu nezitho ezonakele. |
| Ukuqonda Ukuqhubeka Kwesifo | Ngokubona indlela i-stem cell ephenduka ngayo ibe yiseli lomdlavuza noma iseli elinesifo elabhorethri, abacwaningi bangaqonda kangcono ukuthi izifo ziqala futhi zikhule kanjani. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekutholeni izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha. |
| Ukuhlola Imithi Emisha | Ngaphambi kokuhlola imithi emisha kubantu, kumelwe siqinisekise ukuthi iphephile futhi isebenza kahle. Ososayensi bangakha amaseli aqondene nesifo (isb., amaseli esibindi) elabhorethri besebenzisa amaseli okuqala ukuhlola ukuthi umuthi usabela kanjani, okuhlinzeka ngesithombe esicacile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo. |
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Zamaseli E-Stem?
Ngokuvamile, sihlukanisa amaseli okuqala abe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Amaseli Esiqu Se-Embryonic
Lawa amaseli 'aphezulu' anamandla amakhulu. Njengoba igama lisho, atholakala kuma-embryo, ikakhulukazi lawo asele ekwelashweni kokuzala (njengobaIVF ) futhi isetshenziselwa ucwaningo ngemvume egcwele yabazali.
Lawa aziwa ngokuthi amaseli 'a-pluripotent', okusho ukuthi angaphenduka cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, athembisa kakhulu ukulungiswa kwezicubu, yize ukusetshenziswa kwawo kusalokhu kuyindaba yempikiswano yokuziphatha emhlabeni wonke.
2. Amaseli Esiqu Abadala
Naphezu kwegama, la maseli atholakala kuwo wonke umuntu—izinsana, izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Anamandla amancane kunamaseli e-embryonic futhi avame ukutholakala ngamanani amancane ezicutshini ezifana nomnkantsha, isikhumba, ubuchopho kanye nesibindi.
Amaseli e-stem amadala ngokuvamile anqunyelwe ekukhiqizeni amaseli athile ezicutshini lapho ehlala khona. Isibonelo, amaseli e-stem esikhumba avame ukukhiqiza amaseli esikhumba amasha, hhayi amaseli enhliziyo.
Intuthuko Yesayensi: Amaseli e-iPS
Ososayensi bathole indlela yokuthatha iseli elivamile elidala, njengeseli lesikhumba, bese 'belihlela kabusha' elabhorethri ukuze liziphathe njengeseli le-embryonic stem. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-Induced Pluripotent Stem (amaseli e-iPS) . Lokhu kuphumelela kuvule iminyango emisha yocwaningo ngenkathi kudlula ukukhathazeka kokuziphatha okuhlobene namaseli e-embryonic.
Yiziphi Izindlela Zokwelapha Zamanje?
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokwelashwa okuqinisekisiwe kanye nocwaningo lokuhlola .
Ukwelashwa Okuvunyelwe Futhi Okusetshenzisiwe Okwamanje
Ukwelashwa okuvamile nokuphumelela kakhulu namuhla ukufakelwa kweseli le-stem elenza igazi , okuvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi 'ukufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo'.
Lokhu ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwalokhu:
- Umdlavuza wegazi (isb., I-Leukemia, I-Lymphoma)
- Izinkinga ezithile zegazi (isb., i-Sickle cell anemia)
- Ukubuyisela umongo wethambo owonakaliswe yi-chemotherapy.
Lawa maseli e-stem avame ukutholakala kubanikeli abanempilo noma egazini le-umbilical cord eliqoqwe lapho kuzalwa.
Amathemba Esikhathi Esizayo kanye Nocwaningo Lokuhlola
Ososayensi basebenzela ukusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwamaseli e-stem kwezinye izimo eziningi. Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi lezi zisesesigabeni sokuhlola:
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer
- Isifo sikashukela
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Ukulimala komgogodla
- Isifo samathambo
Okubalulekile: Uma kukhona umtholampilo othi unikeza 'imithi yokwelapha yamaseli e-stem eqinisekisiwe' yalezi zimo, qaphela kakhulu. Lokhu akukavunywa okwamanje. Xoxa njalo ngezinketho ezinjalo nodokotela wakho oyinhloko.
Ingabe Lezi Zindlela Zokwelapha Ziphephile?
Njenganoma yiluphi ubuchwepheshe obusha bezokwelapha, ukwelashwa ngamaseli ayisisekelo kunezingozi abacwaningi abasebenza ukuzinciphisa:
- Ingozi Yokwakheka Kwesimila: Ngenxa yokuthi amaseli okuqala ahlukana ngokushesha, kunengozi yokuthi angakhula ngokungalawuleki, akhe izimila.
- Ukulimala Kwezakhi Zofuzo: Amaseli asetshenziswa elabhorethri angase ashintshe izakhi zofuzo.
- Ukwenqatshwa Kwamasosha Omzimba: Amasosha omzimba wakho angase abone amangqamuzana anikelayo 'njengabahlaseli bakwamanye amazwe' bese ewahlasela.
- Izingozi Zokuhlinzwa: Izinqubo ezidingekayo ukuze kuvunwe noma kufakwe amangqamuzana (njengokujova ebuchosheni noma enhliziyweni) zinezingozi zokuhlinzwa.
Ukufuna ukwelashwa 'emitholampilo yamaseli e-stem' engaqinisekisiwe noma engajwayelekile kungaba yingozi kakhulu. Njalo beka phambili ukunakekelwa okuphephile nokusekelwe ebufakazini.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amaseli e-stem 'angamaseli ayinhloko' ahlukile akwazi ukuba yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni futhi anamandla amakhulu okwelapha.
- Njengamanje, ukwelashwa kwamaseli e-stem okuphumelelayo kusetshenziselwa kakhulu umdlavuza wegazi kanye nezinkinga ezithile zegazi.
- Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela, isifo sikaParkinson, nesifo senhliziyo kusacwaningwa futhi akukavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa okuvamile.
- Ngaphambi kokuba ukholelwe ulwazi oluthola ku-inthanethi mayelana nokwelashwa ngamaseli e-stem, sicela uqinisekise nodokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ofanelekayo.
- Qaphela 'imitholampilo yamaseli e-stem' engaqinisekisiwe ethembisa imiphumela emangalisayo. Ungabeki impilo yakho engozini.
amaseli okuqala, ucwaningo lwamaseli okuqala, ukwelashwa kwamaseli okuqala, umuthi wokuvuselela, ucwaningo lwezokwelapha, ukufakelwa komnkantsha
