Wake wezwa igama elithi ' Stem Cells ' ngaphambili? Mhlawumbe wake wezwa ngalo kudokotela, ohlelweni lwe-TV, noma esihlokweni sephephandaba. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyindaba eyinkimbinkimbi, lawa ma-stem cell empeleni angenye yezinto ezimangalisa kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu ngendlela elula kakhulu, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, ayini la ma-stem cell?
Cabanga nje unenqwaba yezingcezu zeLego zohlobo olufanayo. Ungasebenzisa lezo zingcezu zeLego ukwakha indlu, imoto, umkhumbi, noma yini oyifunayo. Amaseli e-stem anjalo.
Amaseli e-stem awuhlobo lweseli "eliyisisekelo" noma "eliyinhloko" emzimbeni wethu elinamandla okuba yinoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lweseli elikhethekile.
Isibonelo, iseli le-stem lingakhula libe yiseli lesikhumba, iseli lobuchopho (iseli lemizwa ), iseli lemisipha yenhliziyo, iseli lethambo , noma iseli legazi. Futhi, la maseli angenza amaseli e-stem engeziwe, okungukuthi, angahlukana futhi enze amaseli afana nawo ngokuphindaphindiwe. Leli khono elimangalisayo yingakho ethole ukubaluleka okukhulu kwezokwelapha.
Ngakho-ke, kungani la ma-stem cell ebaluleke kangaka?
Lawa maseli abaluleke kakhulu ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha lwesikhathi esizayo ngenxa yamandla awo. Abalulekile ngezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko.
1. Ukwelashwa okusekelwe kumaseli: Cabanga ngomuntu ohlaselwe yinhliziyo futhi ingxenye yenhliziyo yakhe ifile futhi yaba buthakathaka. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, bazokwazi ukusebenzisa amaseli okuqala ukudala amaseli enhliziyo amasha, anempilo bese bewafaka endaweni eyonakele ukuze babuyisele inhliziyo . Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi umuthi wokuvuselela . Le ndlela isivele isetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwezinye izifo zegazi kanye nomdlavuza .
2. Ukuqonda ukuthi izifo zenzeka kanjani:Ososayensi bangabuka iseli eliyinhloko, isibonelo, likhula libe yiseli lezinzwa elebhu. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi batadishe kahle ukuthi kwenzekani kumaseli ezinzwa ezifweni ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson noma isifo sika-Alzheimer . Ukuqonda kahle ukuthi isifo sikhula kanjani kungasiza ekutholeni ukwelashwa.
3. Ukuhlola imithi emisha: Ngaphambi kokuba umuthi omusha unikezwe abantu futhi uhlolwe, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uphephile futhi usebenza kahle yini. Ngakho-ke, amaseli akhethekile ahlobene nesifo okukhulunywa ngaso (isibonelo, amaseli e-pancreatic esifo sikashukela) angadalwa elabhorethri kusuka kumaseli okuqala, futhi umuthi omusha ungasetshenziswa kulawo maseli futhi imiphumela yawo ingahlolwa.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaseli okuqala?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli okuqala. Ake sibheke lezi ngokwehlukana.
| Uhlobo lweseli | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Amaseli Esiqu Se-Embryonic | Lokhu kutholakala kuma-embryo angasetshenziswanga anikelwe, angasetshenziswanga ngemuva kokukhulelwa kwe-in vitro (IVF). Lawa maseli anekhono elimangalisayo lokuba yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni. Yingakho ebizwa nangokuthi 'i-pluripotent' . Anamandla amakhulu okulungisa izicubu nezitho ezonakele yizifo. |
| Amaseli Esiqu Abadala | Naphezu kwegama lawo, la maseli atholakala emizimbeni yezingane, izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Awaguquguquki njengamaseli e-embryonic. Isibonelo, iseli le-stem elikhulile esikhumbeni lingakha amaseli esikhumba engeziwe kuphela. Kodwa futhi abaluleke kakhulu. Amaseli e-stem egazini le-umbilical cord nawo angaphansi kwalesi sigaba. |
| Amaseli E-Pluripotent Stem Cells (ama-iPSC) Akhiqizwe Nge-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (ama-iPSC) | Lokhu kuyintuthuko yakamuva kwezesayensi. Ososayensi manje sebengathatha iseli elivamile elidala, njengeseli lesikhumba sakho, bese benza ushintsho oluncane lwezakhi zofuzo elabhorethri, bese belibuyisela emuva libe yiseli le-embryonic 'elingase lisebenze'. Lokhu kuyintuthuko enkulu, ngoba kugwema izinkinga zokuziphatha ezihlobene nokusebenzisa ama-embryo. |
Yikuphi ukwelashwa okwenziwayo njengamanje kusetshenziswa la ma-stem cell?
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ama-stem cell angelapha zonke izifo, kodwa iqiniso lihlukile.
Ukwelashwa kwamaseli e-stem okuvunyelwe kabanzi futhi okuphumelelayo emhlabeni wonke ukufakelwa komnkantsha . Lokhu kuhilela ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem akha igazi. Lawa angatholakala egazini lomnkantsha noma egazini le-umbilical cord.
Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa kakhulu:
- Ngomdlavuza wegazi: Isibonelo, ngezifo ezifana ne -leukemia kanye ne-lymphoma .
- Ezinye izifo ezihlobene negazi: Izifo ezifana ne -sickle cell anemia .
- Ukuvuselela umongo wamathambo owonakele ngenxa yokwelashwa komdlavuza: Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ukubuyisela umongo wamathambo owonakele ngenxa yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukwelashwa okuningi kwamaseli okuqala kwezinye izifo (isib. isifo samathambo, isifo sikashukela, isifo sikaParkinson) kusesesigabeni socwaningo . Ngakho-ke, uma uzwa ngokwelashwa okunjalo ndawana thize, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabanga kabili futhi ngokuqinisekile ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo.
Ingabe zikhona izingozi ngalezi zindlela zokwelapha?
Yebo, njengazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha, kunezingozi ezithile.
- Uma la maseli ekhula ngendlela engalawuleki, kungenzeka ukuthi kwakheke izimila ezinomdlavuza .
- Umonakalo wezakhi zofuzo ungenzeka emaseli akhuliswe elabhorethri.
- Ngezinye izikhathi umzimba ungabona la maseli asanda kutshalwa kabusha “njengawangaphandle” bese uwalahla (uwahlasele).
- Kukhona futhi izingozi ezithile ezihlobene nezindlela (isib. ukuhlinzwa) eziqoqa noma zifake amaseli emzimbeni.
Izinselele ocwaningweni lwamaseli e-stem
Nakuba ucwaningo ngamaseli okuqala e-embryonic seluqhubeke amashumi eminyaka, ucwaningo ngamaseli okuqala e-embryonic lwaqala ngo-1998. Ngakho-ke kusekuningi okusazotholakala ngawo.
Enye yezinselele ezinkulu yizinkinga zokuziphatha . Kunemibono ehlukene mayelana nokuthola amangqamuzana avela kuma-embryo, futhi abanye abantu abavumelani nalolu cwaningo.
Enye inselele ubunzima bokukhulisa amaseli okuqala abantu abadala elabhorethri kanye nengozi yawo ephezulu yokukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo. Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu, ososayensi basazama ukuvula izimfihlo zala maseli amangalisayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amaseli e-stem angamaseli "ayinhloko" angaba yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni.
- Njengamanje, lezi zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo futhi zivunyelwe ikakhulukazi ukufakelwa umnkantsha wamathambo kubantu abanomdlavuza wegazi njenge-leukemia.
- Izindlela zokwelapha ngamaseli e-stem zezimo ezifana ne-Parkinson's, isifo sikashukela, nesifo senhliziyo zisesesigabeni socwaningo futhi azikasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa okuvamile.
- Nakuba ezinye izikhungo ezizimele zithi zinikeza ukwelashwa okusezingeni locwaningo, ukuphepha kwazo kanye nempumelelo yazo akunakuqinisekiswa.
- Ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwamaseli okuqala, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela wakho oqeqeshiwe futhi uthole iseluleko esifanele.
Amaseli esiqu, amaseli esiqu, ucwaningo lwamaseli esiqu, ukwelashwa kwamaseli, ucwaningo lwezokwelapha, ukufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo, ukufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo, amaseli esiqu sombungu, amaseli esiqu omuntu omdala
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho