Imiphumela eyingozi yokwehluleka kwezinso: Ake sifunde nge-Uremia ngamagama alula

Cabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani uma ubungeke ukwazi ukukhipha udoti endlini yakho izinsuku ezimbalwa? Yonke indlu ibingangcola bese iqala ukunuka, akunjalo? Imizimba yethu iyafana. Uma 'isihlungi sikadoti' somzimba wethu, okungukuthi, izinso, singasebenzi kahle, ubuthi buqala ukuqongelela ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Leso simo esiyingozi, lapho izinga lobuthi landa khona futhi kuvela izimpawu, sibizwa ngokuthi i-Uremia. Lesi akusona isimo okufanele sidlalwe ngaso. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe.

Kalula nje, iyini i-Uremia?

I-uremia yisimo esiyingozi esenzeka lapho izinso zakho zingasebenzi kahle futhi zingakwazi ukuhlunga nokukhipha imfucuza egazini lakho. Lokhu kungumphumela wokugcina wokwehluleka kwezinso okungelashwa . Izimpawu ze-uremia zenzeka lapho amazinga emfucuza egazini lakho eba phezulu kakhulu.

Ngokuvamile, uma izinso zethu ziphilile, zihlunga imfucuza kanye noketshezi oluthe xaxa egazini. Le mfucuza kanye noketshezi kukhishwa emzimbeni ngesimo somchamo (umchamo). Zisiza futhi ekugcineni amazinga afanele ama-acid, ama-electrolyte, nama-hormone afana ne-vitamin D kanye ne-erythropoietin (EPO). Lapho izinso zonakele, le nqubo yokuhlunga ayisebenzi kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, ubuthi buyakheka emzimbeni.

I-uremia ivame ukubangelwa ukwehluleka kwezinso ngenxa yesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD) . Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi isifo sezinso sesigaba sokugcina (ESKD). Kungenzeka futhi uma ukwehluleka kwezinso kwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwezinso okungazelelwe, okunzima (ukulimala kwezinso okukhulu).

Ziyini izimpawu ze-uremia?

Izimpawu ze-uremia azibi zimbi kakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ziba zicashile ekuqaleni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu ngendlela efanele nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izimpawu zokuqala isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, kanye nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla . Ungase uzizwe unesicanucanu uma uvuka ekuseni. Ungase futhi ungabi nenzondo ngephunga lokudla. Abanye abantu bangase bangadli baze baqale ukudla. Uma ukufakelwa izinso kungeyona inketho, udokotela angase ancome ukuqala i-dialysis ngokushesha nje lapho lezi zimpawu ezincane ziqala.

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-uremia?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-uremia yisifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD), esibangela ukwehluleka kwezinso ngokuphelele. Noma yisiphi isifo esibangela i-CKD singagcina siholele ekuhlulekeni kwezinso kanye ne-uremia.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-CKD phakathi kwethu eSri Lanka yilezi:

• Isifo sikashukela
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension)

Kungaba nezinye izizathu eziningi ngaphandle kwalezi ezimbili. Ngakho-ke, uma unesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale unakekela impilo yezinso zakho.

Ubani osengozini enkulu?

Abantu abanokwehluleka kwezinso futhi abangakwazi ukuqala i-dialysis ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu ze-uremia basengozini enkulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, abantu abazi nokuthi banesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi bangatholi ukwelashwa abakudingayo ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwezinso.

Uma une-CKD, ikakhulukazi uma ukusebenza kwezinso okulinganiselwe (i-eGFR) kungaphansi kuka-45, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wezinso bese uqala ukwelashwa.

Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?

Udokotela wakho uzolandela izinyathelo eziningana ukuze ahlole i-uremia.

1. Lalela ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho.

2.Umlando wempilo yakho nowomndeni wakho uzobuzwa, ikakhulukazi mayelana nesifo sezinso.

3. Kuhlolwa umzimba ngokuphelele.

4. Kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kubheka kakhulu lezi zinto.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zivivinyo, izinto ezifana ne- ultrasound yezinso zingenziwa ukuze kutholakale imbangela yokwehluleka kwezinso.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-uremia?

Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha ngokuphelele i-uremia ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwezinso. Okusho ukuthi, ukuqala kabusha ukusebenza kwezinso, kungaba ngokwenziwa noma ngokwemvelo.

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha:

1. I-Dialysis

Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlanza igazi lakho usebenzisa umshini noma enye indlela.

• I-Hemodialysis: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthumela igazi emshinini ongaphandle komzimba wakho, ulihlanze, bese ulibuyisela emzimbeni wakho.
• I-Peritoneal Dialysis: Lokhu kusebenzisa ulwelwesi lwesisu sakho (i-peritoneum) kanye noketshezi olukhethekile ukuhlanza igazi lakho.

2. Ukufakelwa Kwezinso

Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha. Kulesi simo, izinso ezonakele zithathelwa indawo yinso evela kumuntu onempilo (ophilayo noma oshonile). Njengoba ukufakelwa izinso kungcono kune-dialysis, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukucabangela.

Ayikwazi yini ukwelashwa ngemithi?

Imithi ayikwazi ukwelapha ngokuphelele izimpawu ze-uremia. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze imithi efana nale ukusiza ukuvimbela eminye imiphumela ye-uremia emzimbeni:

• I-hormone ye-EPO yokuvimbela i-anemia.
• Amaphilisi e-iron uma unesifo sokuntuleka kwe-iron.
• I-calcium, i-vitamin D, kanye ne-phosphate binders ukuvimbela izifo zamathambo.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Bona udokotela wakho njalo ukuze uqaphe impilo yezinso zakho, ikakhulukazi uma unezici eziyingozi zesifo sezinso.

• Uma kukhona emndenini onesifo sezinso.
• Uma une-high blood pressure.
• Uma kukhona izinguquko endleleni yokuchama.
• Uma uvuvukele emaqakaleni, ezandleni, noma ebusweni (i-edema).
• Uma uthatha ama-NSAID njalo.

Ingabe i-uremia ingavinjelwa?

Ukuvimbela i-uremia empeleni kusho ukuvimbela noma ukulawula ukukhula kwesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (i-CKD). Uma une-CKD, ungenza lezi zinto ukusiza ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu:

• Sebenza eduze nodokotela wezinzwa.
• Gcina umfutho wegazi lakho, isifo sikashukela , kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha zilawulwa.
• Thatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela ngesikhathi esifanele.
• Gwema imithi (ikakhulukazi ama-NSAID), utshwala, kanye neminye imithi engalimaza izinso.
• Landela ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo nokungenawo usawoti omningi.
• Zivocavoce kahle.
• Gcina isisindo somzimba siphilile.
• Uma ubhema, yeka ngokushesha.