Wake wambona umuntu ohamba ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile ezama ukungena esitolo, ebhange, noma ehhovisi elinezitebhisi? Noma abazali bezama ukuthola isikole esifanele ingane enezidingo ezikhethekile? Sonke sizibonile lezi zinto okungenani kanye empilweni yethu. Abantu abanjengalaba kufanele babe nelungelo lokuphila, ukufunda, nokusebenza ngokuzimela, njengathi sonke, ngaphandle kokwesaba umphakathi futhi ngaphandle kosizo lwanoma ubani? Ukulwela lelo lungelo kubizwa nje ngokuthi "iNhlangano Yamalungelo Okukhubazeka" noma inhlangano yamalungelo abantu abakhubazekile.
Iyini ngempela le nhlangano yamalungelo?
Kalula nje, lokhu kufana nokulwela amalungelo abantu. Umgomo oyinhloko lapha ukunikeza abantu abanokukhubazeka ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo amathuba namalungelo afanayo nabantu abangenakho ukukhubazeka. Okusho ukuthi, ukudiliza izithiyo emphakathini nokudala indawo lapho wonke umuntu ephathwa khona ngokulinganayo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi zithiyo:
- Izithiyo zomzimba: Isibonelo, izitebhisi ezingafinyeleleki ngezihlalo zabakhubazekile, iminyango emincane, namabhasi aphezulu.
- Izithiyo zezikhungo: Ezinye izinhlangano azithandi ukuqasha abantu abakhubazekile futhi azibaniki izikhungo ezifanele.
- Izithiyo zomphakathi: Abantu emphakathini bababheka ngesihawu, bababeke eceleni, bese becabanga ukuthi, "Laba bantu abakwazi ukwenza lezi zinto."
Umgomo walo mkhankaso ukususa zonke lezi zithiyo nokudala umphakathi lapho abantu abakhubazekile bengaphila khona ngesithunzi.
Lolu hambo lwaqala kanjani? - Isifundo esivela emhlabeni
Nakuba amazwe amaningi emhlabeni namuhla ekhuluma ngamalungelo abantu abakhubazekile, lesi simo satholakala kuphela ngemva komzabalazo omkhulu. Ake sibheke emuva kulowo mlando okwesikhashana, ngoba izwe lethu nalo linokuningi okufanele likufunde kuwo.
Emuva ngawo-1800, abantu abakhubazekile babephathwa ngendlela engenabuntu. Babebhekwa njengomthwalo emphakathini. Abanye baguqulwa baba amasekisi, abanye bavalelwa ezibhedlela nasezikhungweni zengqondo. Abantu abaningi babecabanga ukuthi laba bantu bagula ngengqondo, ngakho-ke baze babafake emisebenzini yokuvala inzalo ngenkani.
Nokho, ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, lapho amasosha alimele nakhubazekile eqala ukubuyela ezweni, izimo zengqondo emphakathini zaqala ukushintsha kancane kancane. Uhulumeni waqala ukubasiza nokuthuthukisa amadivayisi amasha obuchwepheshe. Lokhu kwavumela abantu abakhubazekile ukuba bazimele ngandlela thile.
Ngisho nangemva kweMpi Yezwe II, amaqhawe empi akhubazekile ayengakwazi ukufinyelela izinsizakalo zokuvuselela kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi ayekudinga.Bacindezela uhulumeni ukuba abanikeze zona. Nakuba lokhu kwaletha intuthuko enkulu, babesenenkinga yokufinyelela izindlu zangasese zomphakathi, amahhovisi, izitolo kanye namabhasi.
Lolu shintsho lwathola ukukhuthazwa okukhulu ngenhlangano yamalungelo oluntu e-United States ngawo-1960, lapho abantu abakhubazekile banikezwa ithuba lokujoyina amanye amaqembu acindezelwe futhi balwele amalungelo abo.
Eminye imithetho ebalulekile eyashintsha umlando
Ngenxa yalo mzabalazo, kwamiswa imithetho eminingana ebalulekile emhlabeni wonke eyashintsha izimpilo zabantu abakhubazekile. Lena futhi iyisibonelo esihle kwabenzi bezinqubomgomo ezweni lethu.
| Umthetho / Umthetho | Umehluko omkhulu ulethwe |
|---|---|
| Umthetho Wokuvuselelwa Ka-1973 | Izikhungo zikahulumeni kanye nezinkontileka zikahulumeni zavinjelwa ukubandlulula abantu abakhubazekile emsebenzini. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kwamiswa imithetho efuna ukuthi abantu abakhubazekile babe nokufinyelela okulinganayo kunoma yiluphi uhlelo oluthola uxhaso lukahulumeni (izikole, ezokuthutha zomphakathi). |
| Umthetho Wezemfundo Yabo Bonke Abantwana Abakhubazekile ka-1975 | Yaqinisekisa ilungelo lazo zonke izingane lokufunda. Yagcizelela ukuthi izingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile kufanele zifundiswe emakilasini avamile. |
| Umthetho WaseMelika Okhubazekile (ADA, 1990) | Lo mthethosivivinywa ubanzi kakhulu. Wenqabela ukubandlululwa kwabantu abakhubazekile kuzo zonke izindawo, okuhlanganisa imisebenzi, izindawo zomphakathi (izitolo, amahhotela, amabhayisikobho), izinsizakalo zikahulumeni, ezokuthutha kanye nokuxhumana. Wenze izinto ezifana nokwakha imigwaqo yezihlalo zabakhubazekile zaba yimpoqo. |
Umehluko olethwe emfundweni yezingane
Umthetho wezemfundo oshiwo ngenhla wandiswa kamuva waba yi-Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Omunye wemibono ebaluleke kakhulu eyethulwa lapha "Izinhlelo Zemfundo Yomuntu Ngamunye" (IEPs) .
Lokho kusho ukuthi, kuyo yonke ingane enezidingo ezikhethekile, abazali nothisha baleyo ngane bayahlangana ukuze bakhe uhlelo lokufunda oluqondene naleyo ngane. Kungaba kuhle kangakanani uma lokhu kungafakwa ohlelweni lwemfundo lwezwe lethu?
Isimo sanamuhla nalokho esingakwenza
Akwanele ukudlulisa imithetho. Impi ayikapheli. Ngisho nanamuhla, abantu abakhubazekile emhlabeni wonke, ngisho nasezweni lethu, kufanele babhekane nokucwaswa okuhlukahlukene kanye nezimo zengqondo ezingalungile.
Nathi singaba negalelo kulolu shintsho. Akudingeki kube yinto enkulu. Singaqala ngento encane.
- Masishintshe indlela esicabanga ngayo: Masiyeke ukubheka umuntu okhubazekile ngesihawu. Masiqonde ukuthi unamakhono, amaphupho, nemizwa efana neyethu.
- Inhlonipho: Hlonipha ubumfihlo babo. Basize kuphela uma bedinga usizo. Ungabaphoqi ukuthi basize.
- Cabanga ngokufinyeleleka: Hlola ukuthi indawo yakho yokusebenza noma izitolo ovame ukuzivakashela zinezici zokufinyeleleka ezivumela abantu abakhubazekile ukuthi bangene. Uma kukhona ukushiyeka, khuluma nabantu abafanele ngazo.
- Yiba Izwi: Ungesabi ukukhulumela abantu abakhubazekile uma ubona umehluko uvela.
Ekugcineni, lokhu kuyinkinga yobuntu kunokuba kube ngumthetho. Kungumthwalo wethu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuphila ngesithunzi . Inhlalakahle yengqondo evela ekudaleni umphakathi onjalo izozwakala ngumphakathi wonke. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ezwa ukungakhululeki ngenxa yokukhubazeka, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokusekelwa kwezokwelapha kanye nokwezenhlalo okutholakalayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amalungelo abantu abakhubazekile ayilungelo labantu eliyisisekelo. Kufanele futhi babe namathuba alinganayo emphakathini.
- Nakuba imithetho nezinqubomgomo zibaluleke kakhulu, ukushintsha izimo zengqondo ezingalungile ezigxile kakhulu emphakathini kubaluleke nakakhulu.
- Ngaphezu kwezinguquko zomzimba, njengokudala indlela yokungena esihlalweni sabakhubazekile, kubalulekile futhi ukwenza ushintsho endleleni esicabanga ngayo.
- Sonke singaba negalelo ekwakheni umphakathi ohlanganisa bonke abantu ohloniphayo, ongabandlululi, futhi ohlanganisa abantu abakhubazekile.
- Uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe ezwa ubuhlungu ngenxa yokukhubazeka, xoxa nodokotela wakho ngosizo nesiqondiso esitholakalayo.
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