Uma ungumama okhulelwe, omunye wemibuzo emikhulu nebucayi engqondweni yakho cishe uthi, ‘Ingabe ingane yami iyabuzwa ubuhlungu?’ Lesi yisihloko esijulile kakhulu. Ngisho nangaphakathi kwezokwelapha, kunemibono ehlukene ngalokhu. Abanye odokotela nososayensi bathi izingane azibuzwa ubuhlungu kuze kube amasonto angama-24 (izinyanga eziyi-6). Kodwa abanye bathi zingabuzwa ubuhlungu zisencane amasonto ayi-12 (izinyanga ezi-3). Ngakho-ke kwenzekani ngempela? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.
Yimiphi imibono ehlukene ngalokhu?
Kunzima ukunikeza impendulo eqondile kulo mbuzo, ngoba asikwazi ukubuza ingane esibelethweni ukuthi, "Ingabe kuyabuhlungu?" Ngakho-ke abacwaningi kuye kwadingeka bafunde ngokuthuthukiswa komzimba wengane, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho kanye nesimiso sezinzwa, bese befinyelela eziphethweni ezithile ngalokho.
Esikhathini esidlule, kuze kube ngawo-1980, odokotela babecabanga ukuthi ngisho nezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa azikwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu. Isizathu kwakuwukuthi ubuchopho bazo babungakakhuli ngokugcwele. Kodwa manje lowo mbono usushintshe ngokuphelele.
Ososayensi manje sebekhuluma ngomqondo obizwa ngokuthi 'i-nociception.' Kalula nje, yikhono lokubona umonakalo . Lihlukile kancane ebuhlungwini. Ngoba alidingi ukuqwashisa. Kodwa manje sekuyamukelwa ukuthi impendulo yokucindezeleka ebangelwa yi-'nociception' emzimbeni wengane ingathinta ukukhula kobuchopho bayo.
Izinhlangano zezokwelapha ezihamba phambili emhlabeni, isibonelo, amakolishi aseMelika naseBrithani odokotela bezifo zabesifazane (i-ACOG, i-RCOG), anombono wokuthi umntwana akakwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu kuze kube amasonto angama-24-25 . Kodwa-ke, kunemibono ephikisanayo. Ake sibheke yomibili imibono ngokucacile.
| Inganekwane 1: Ubuhlungu buzwakala kuphela ngemva kwamasonto angama-24 | Inganekwane 2: Ubuhlungu bungazwakala emavikini angu-12 |
|---|---|
| Ukuxhumana okubalulekile kukhula phakathi kwe-cortex, ingxenye yobuchopho ephethe kakhulu inkumbulo nokucabanga, kanye ne-thalamus, ingxenye yobuchopho ethwala imizwa efana nobuhlungu iye kwi-cortex, ngemva kwamasonto angama-24. | Akucaci ukuthi i-cortex iyadingeka ngempela yini ukuze kubonwe ubuhlungu. Kungenzeka ukuthi ubuhlungu bubonakala ngezinye izingxenye eziyinhloko zobuchopho. |
| Nakuba ingane engaphansi kwamasonto angu-28 ingase ibonakale isabela ezintwebeni ezibuhlungu, ngokuvamile kuba nje ukusabela okuguqukayo noma kwama-hormone. Akusibo ubuhlungu bangempela. | Ama-receptor obuhlungu aqala ukukhula ebusweni besikhumba emavikini ayi-7, bese exhuma ebuchosheni emavikini ayi-12-15. |
| Ukuxhumana kwezinzwa okuhlukanisa phakathi kokuthinta okungenangozi nokuthile okubuhlungu kuvela ngasekupheleni kokukhulelwa. | Izingxenye zobuchopho, njenge-thalamus kanye nesiqu sobuchopho, ezihilelekile ekuqondeni, ziqala ukukhula ku-trimester yokuqala. |
Cabanga nje, le mpikiswano iyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezokwelapha, manje kungenzeka ukugcina umntwana ephila ngisho noma ezalwa emavikini angama-22-23. Odokotela manje sebeyakwamukela ukuthi izingane ezizalwa zisesigabeni esiphansi kangaka sokukhulelwa zizwa ubuhlungu.
Le ndaba izithinta kanjani ezinye izinqumo?
Lolu daba lobuhlungu bengane luthinte ngqo imithetho yokukhipha isisu kanye nokuhlinzwa kwengane emhlabeni jikelele.
Izinqumo mayelana nokukhipha isisu
Lokhu 'ukucindezeleka kwengane' kusetshenziswe ukunquma imikhawulo yesikhathi sokuvumela ukukhipha isisu emazweni amaningi. Amanye amazwe avimbela ukukhipha isisu ngemva kwamasonto athile okukhulelwa ngenxa yalesi sizathu.
Kodwa uma sibheka idatha, ukukhishwa kwezisu okuningi emhlabeni kwenzeka ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa. Isibonelo, ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-CDC e-United States, ukukhishwa kwezisu okungaphezu kuka-93% kwenzeka ngaphambi kwamasonto ayi-13 . Ngaphansi kuka-1% kwenzeka ngemva kwamasonto angama-21. Impikiswano phakathi kososayensi mayelana nale mikhawulo yesikhathi isaqhubeka.
Ukuhlinzwa Kwengane Esanda Kuzalwa
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka ukuze kwelashwe izinkinga ezithile zokuzalwa ngesikhathi umntwana esesesibelethweni. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'ukuhlinzwa kwengane'.
Ingabe odokotela bacabanga ngobuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okunje? Yebo, nakanjani.
Ngokuvamile, umuthi wokubulala izinzwa onikezwa umama ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa uwela i-placenta bese uthinta ingane. Kodwa abanye ososayensi bathi lokhu kukodwa akubuqedi ngokuphelele ubuhlungu noma ingcindezi ingane engase iyizwe.
Ngakho-ke,Ekuhlinzweni okwenziwa ngemva kwekota yesibili (ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-13), odokotela bavame ukunikeza umntwana umuthi wokuqeda izinhlungu ngqo. Banikeza nomntwana umuthi wokumgcina enganyakazi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuvimbela ukusabela okunamandla kokucindezeleka okubangelwa ukuhlinzwa ukuthi kungathinti kabi ukukhula kobuchopho bomntwana kanye nesimiso sezinzwa.
Ukunikeza ingane i-anesthesia ngqo ngale ndlela kubhekwa njengokuphephile kumama nakumntwana . Imiphumela emibi ayivamile kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Akukho ukuvumelana okucacile kwezokwelapha mayelana nokuthi umntwana osesiswini uzwa ubuhlungu nini. Ngenkathi abanye bethi ngemva kwamasonto angama-24, abanye bathi kungaba amasonto ayi-12.
- Isizathu esiyinhloko sale mpikiswano ukungaqiniseki ngokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zobuchopho ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa ukuze zizwe ubuhlungu.
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Nociceptionyikhono lokubona umonakalo. Nakuba ingadingi ukuqaphela, ukucindezeleka ekubangelwe kungathinta ukukhula komntwana. - Uma ingane ihlinzwa umbungu, odokotela bazosebenzisa imithi yokubulala izinhlungu ukuze banciphise ingcindezi enganeni futhi banciphise umonakalo ongaba khona ekukhuleni kwayo.
- Lesi yisihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi esibucayi. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngalokhu, kungcono ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngakho.
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