Ingabe amehlo akho omile? Kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa ye-Xerophthalmia!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi amehlo akho omile, sengathi kukhona okuthile ngaphakathi kuwo? Noma ingabe ukuthola kunzima ukubona ekukhanyeni okuncane ebusuku? Lokhu kungase kubonakale njengezinto ezincane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba izimpawu zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Xerophthalmia, esibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin A. Ake sithole okwengeziwe ngalokhu namuhla.

Kuyini i-Xerophthalmia? Kalula nje...

I-Xerophthalmia ngokwezwi nezwi isho ukuthi “iso elomile.” Kodwa kungaphezu nje kwamehlo omile. Empeleni kuyiqoqo lezimpawu ezithinta amehlo uma kungekho vithamini A eyanele emzimbeni. Ukuntuleka kwevithamini A kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: 1. Ukungatholi ivithamini A eyanele ekudleni esikudlayo. 2. Ngisho noma sithola ivithamini A, imizimba yethu ayikwazi ukuyisebenzisa kahle. Into eyingozi kakhulu ngalesi simo ukuthi singaholela ebumpumputheni uma singelashwa kahle.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization, izingane ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-250 emhlabeni wonke zihlushwa ukuntuleka kweVithamini A. Futhi, izingane ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-2.8 zihlushwa yi-Xerophthalmia. Into edabukisayo kakhulu ukuthi, izingane ezingaba ngu-350,000 ziba yizimpumputhe minyaka yonke ngenxa yalokhu. Lokho kusho ukuthi, i-Xerophthalmia iyimbangela ehamba phambili yobumpumputhe ezinganeni.

Ziyini lezi zimpawu? Uzibona kanjani?

Izimpawu ze-Xerophthalmia zivame ukuvela ngokulandelana okuthile. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini: 1. Ubumpumputhe basebusuku / i-Nyctalopia: Lena enye yezimpawu zokuqala. Ungase ungakwazi ukubona kahle ebusuku, ezindaweni ezikhanyayo kancane, isibonelo, endaweni yokudlela, ebhayisikobho, noma lapho izibani zikhanya ekhaya. Uma ngokuzumayo usuka endaweni ekhanyayo uye endaweni emnyama, amehlo akho nawo athatha isikhathi eside ukujwayela ubumnyama. Cabanga ukuthi kungaba nzima kangakanani ukube ubungaboni kahle lapho uhamba emgwaqweni ebusuku. 2. I-Conjunctival Xerosis: Ulwelwesi oluncane olumboza ingxenye emhlophe yeso lakho (i-Sclera) kanye nengaphakathi leso lakho libizwa ngokuthi i-"Conjunctiva". Ku-Xerophthalmia, le "Conjunctiva" iba yomile. `(Xerosis)` yigama lezokwelapha elisho ukoma. 3. Amabala e-Bitot: Kulokhu, kuvela ingxenye emhlophe yeso, ngokuvamile eyisikwele, enegwebu, amabala esiliva ampunga. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi `(amabala e-Bitot)`. 4. Ukoma kolwelwesi olungaphambili lweso elimnyama (i-Corneal xerosis): Ingxenye ecacile nebaluleke kakhulu yeso ephambi kweso elimnyama ibizwa ngokuthi i-cornea. Ukoma kolwelwesi nakho kuyisibonakaliso se-xerophthalmia. Eqinisweni, i-cornea yindawo okufanele ibe nomswakama. 5. Izilonda ze-cornea:Uma i-cornea yomile futhi yonakele, ingaba nezilonda, njengemigodi. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi izilonda ze-cornea. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu. 6. Ukuthamba nokufiphala kwe-cornea (i-Keratomalacia): Yilapho i-cornea iba thambile futhi ibe namafu. Lokhu kungabangela izibazi ngisho nobumpumputhe obuhlala njalo. I-Keratomalacia uhlobo olubi lwe-xerophthalmia. 7. I-Xerophthalmic fundus: I-retina yakho, ingxenye yeso eqoqa ukukhanya, ingaba nezilonda kanye nezinguquko zesakhiwo.

Kungani sithola i-Xerophthalmia? Ziyini izimbangela?

Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuntuleka kweVithamini A. IVithamini A ibalulekile ekuboneni kwethu ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: umswakama kanye nombala.

• Ukuze kube nomswakama: I-Vitamin A ibalulekile ukugcina ama-cornea ethu emanzi futhi akhiqize umswakama odingekayo. Uma ama-cornea omile, angonakala futhi abangele ngisho nokungaboni.
• Ngemibala: I-Vitamin A iyadingeka futhi ukuze kukhiqizwe imibala ethile edingwa yi -retina yethu ukuze isebenze kahle. Uma i-vitamin A inganele, ikhono lokukhiqiza lemibala liyancipha. Ikakhulukazi, lokhu kuthinta ukusebenza kwezinduku, okusisiza sibone ebumnyameni. Yingakho umbono wasebusuku uncipha.

Ukuntuleka kwevithamini A kwenzeka uma singatholi ivithamini A eyanele ekudleni esikudlayo, noma imizimba yethu ingakwazi ukusebenzisa ivithamini A ngendlela efanele. Lesi simo sivamile emazweni asathuthuka, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ezibalulekile.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, uma ubona udokotela, cishe uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze athole lesi simo.

• Umlando ophelele wezokwelapha : Udokotela uzobuza ngokudla kwakho kanye nemikhuba yakho yezempilo .
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele: Womabili amehlo ahlolwa kahle.
• Izimpawu zomtholampilo: Udokotela uzohlola izimpawu zamehlo akho (isib. ama-cataract, ukoma).
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungalinganisa izinga likavithamini A egazini.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuzivumelanisa nezimo kokubona ebusuku kanye nobumnyama:Lezi zivivinyo zilinganisa ukuthi ubona kahle kangakanani ekukhanyeni okuphansi nasebumnyameni, nokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani amehlo akho ukujwayela ubumnyama.
• I-Impression cytology: Lena inqubo ekhethekile ehlola isampula yamaseli athathwe ebusweni beso (conjunctiva).
• I-Electroretinogram (ERG): Lokhu kuhlola kulinganisa indlela amehlo akho asabela ngayo ekukhanyeni.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Ukwelapha lesi simo kulula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma sibonakala kusenesikhathi.

• Izithasiselo zeVithamini A: Udokotela wakho angase akunike amaphilisi noma isiraphu yeVithamini A.
• Izinyembezi zokwenziwa: Kuthiwa lezi zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukoma emehlweni.
• Ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa endaweni yokwelapha: Uma kukhona uhlobo oluthile lokutheleleka, unganikezwa amafutha asetshenziswa endaweni yokwelapha.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha iVithamini A njengoba udokotela wakho ekuyalele. Ngoba ukuthatha iVithamini A eningi kakhulu kungaba yingozi emzimbeni.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sinciphise ukuthuthukiswa kwe-xerophthalmia?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lokhu ukufaka ukudla okuqukethe i-vitamin A eyanele ekudleni kwethu. Nazi ezinye zalezo zinhlobo zokudla:

• Imifino eluhlaza okotshani: isipinashi, i-kale, imifino eluhlaza okotshani, njll. I-kale nayo ilungile.
• Izithelo eziphuzi neziphuzi: Izithelo ezifana ne-papaya, i-mango, ne-orange.
• Imifino ephuzi: ithanga, izaqathi, ubhatata, ama-beet.
• Isibindi: Isibindi sesilwane sicebile ngevithamini A.
• Iqanda eliphuzi .
• Amafutha esibindi senhlanzi: Isibonelo, amafutha esibindi se-cod.
• Ukudla okuqinisiwe: Ezinye izimpushana zobisi kanye nokusanhlamvu kuqiniswe ngevithamini A.

Odokotela baqapha abantu abaswele i-vitamin A lapho bebanika izithasiselo, ngoba i-vitamin A eningi kakhulu ingaba yingozi.

Kwenzekani uma une-Xerophthalmia?

Lesi simo singelapheka ngokuphelele uma selashwa kahle. Yilezo izindaba ezinhle. Kodwa-ke, uma singelashwa, kunengozi enkulu yokuba yimpumputhe. Yingakho kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho ubona izimpawu.

Kufanele simbone nini udokotela ngalokhu?

Uma uzwa noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki noma ushintsho ekuboneni kwakho, noma ngabe kuyinto encane nje njengamehlo omile,Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Udokotela wakho noma wengane yakho uzohlola amehlo akho nesikhumba sakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile. Bazokwazi ukubona noma yikuphi ukoma esikhumbeni sakho nasemahlweni. Udokotela angabona ezinye zezinguquko emehlweni akho ezingabangelwa ukuntuleka kwevithamini A. Bazobuza nangokudla kwakho kanye nemikhuba yokudla yengane yakho futhi bakunike iseluleko.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Xerophthalmia ne-Keratomalacia?

Kalula nje, i-Xerophthalmia iyiqembu lezifo zamehlo ezibangelwa ukuntuleka kweVithamini A. I-Keratomalacia, okuwukuthamba kwe-cornea, yisimo esingeseqembu le-Xerophthalmia. Okusho ukuthi, i-Keratomalacia iyingxenye ye-Xerophthalmia.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Xerophthalmia ne-Xerostomia?

Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili ukuthi kukhulunywa ngokoma ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba.

• I-Xerophthalmia isho amehlo omile.
• I-Xerostomia isho umlomo owomile.

Okokugcina, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane uma unezimpawu zamehlo. Kodwa uma unezimpawu ezinjalo, bona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Esimweni esifana ne-Xerophthalmia, amaphilisi e-Vitamin A ayisisombululo esilula. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola imiphumela emihle. I-World Health Organization kanye nezinye izinhlangano eziningi zenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ekuqedeni ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin A emazweni asathuthuka. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukunciphisa ubumpumputhe nezifo ezingavinjelwa ezinganeni. Ngakho-ke, masiqaphele lokhu futhi sinakekele ukudla kwethu nokondleka kwezingane zethu.