So tɛkrɛma mu kokoram haw wo? Momma yɛnka ho asɛm!

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛyɛ hu kakra sɛ wubehu kuru ketewaa bi anaa nsensanee bi wɔ wo tɛkrɛma so, ɛnte saa? Anaasɛ wote nka sɛ ɛyɛ den kakra bere a woremene aduan no? Ebia woresusuw ho sɛ ebia eyinom betumi ayɛ tɛkrɛma mu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne anaa. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka nea tɛkrɛma mu kokoram yɛ, nea ɛde ba, ne sɛnkyerɛnne, ayaresa, ne sɛnea wobɛbɔ wo ho ban afi ho.

Dɛn ne Tɛkrɛma mu Kokoram?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, tɛkrɛma mu kokoram ne bere a nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo tɛkrɛma mu no fi ase nyin a wuntumi nni so na ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm. Yɛn tɛkrɛma fi ase bɛn dompe ketewa a wo hwene hyia wo kɔn (wɔsan frɛ eyi hyoid bone, a ɛyɛ dompe a ɛwɔ wo hwene ase, baabi a wo kɔn fi ase) na ɛtrɛw kɔ w’ano ase nyinaa.

Afei hwɛ, wɔde din abien frɛ saa kokoram yi a egyina baabi a ɛba so.

• Sɛ wunya kokoram wɔ wo tɛkrɛma anim, a wubetumi ahu a, nnuruyɛfo frɛ no anom kokoram anaa anom tɛkrɛma kokoram .
• Nanso, sɛ kokoram ba tɛkrɛma no mu, bɛn menewa , baabi a wuntumi nhu a, wɔfrɛ no oropharyngeal cancer anaasɛ tɛkrɛma ase kokoram. Eyi mu dɔ kakra, enti ebia ɛrenyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubehu.

Kokoram ahorow bɛn na ɛba tɛkrɛma mu?

Ɛwom sɛ kokoram ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aba tɛkrɛma so de, nanso nea ɛtaa ba ne squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Squamous cells yɛ nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ tratraa bi a ɛwɔ yɛn honam ani fã a ɛwɔ akyi paa no. Fa no sɛ te sɛ plaster a ɛwɔ ɔfasu bi atifi no. Mpɛn pii no, SCC ba nipadua no mmeae a owia taa bɔ no. Nanso, ebetumi nso ayɛ kɛse wɔ mmeae te sɛ ntini a ɛwɔ ano no mu a ɛyɛ honam ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ nwini a ɛwɔ ano no mu no nso.

Tɛkrɛma mu kokoram yi abu so dɛn?

Nokwarem no, mpɛn pii no, tɛkrɛma mu kokoram ho yɛ na koraa . Ɛyɛ nea ennu kokoram a wɔahu no foforo wɔ ɔman te sɛ United States mu no 1%. Nanso wobu no sɛ kokoram a abu so kakra wɔ ti ne kɔn mu kokoram mu .

Ade foforo ne sɛ mmarima betumi anya tɛkrɛma mu kokoram a ɛte sɛɛ mmɔho abien sen mmea . Afei nso, ɛtaa ba nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 40. Enti eye sɛ wobɛhwɛ yiye kakra wɔ eyi ho bere a worenyin no.

Dɛn ne tɛkrɛma mu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Nea edi kan koraa no, ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na tɛkrɛma mu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne da adi. Sɛ́ ebia kokoram no da adi anaasɛ ɛnte saa, ne sɛnea ɛte no gyina baabi a akisikuru no wɔ ne baabi a yare no atrɛw akodu so. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebia sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ koraa.

Nanso, akyi sɛnkyerɛnne kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a wɔtaa hu a wobetumi ahu:

• Nneɛma kɔkɔɔ (nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyi ``erythroplakia'') anaa nsensanee fitaa (``leukoplakia'') wɔ wo tɛkrɛma so. Ebia eyinom ankasa renkɔ.
• Akuru anaa akisikuru a ɛwɔ tɛkrɛma no nkyɛn a mogya tu ntɛmntɛm .
• Kuru kɔkɔɔ anaa fitaa a ɛwɔ tɛkrɛma so a ɛnsa . Sɛ saa kuru yi nsa wɔ adapɛn abien kosi abiɛsa akyi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wugye adwenem naayɛ.

Nea ɛka eyi ho no, sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo betumi ada adi, enti hwɛ eyinom nso yiye:

• Wote nka sɛ honam ani a ɛwɔ ano no mu ayɛ den.
• Menewa mu yaw a ɛnkɔ (chronic pharyngitis). Ɛte sɛ nea wo menewa mu yɛ wo yaw bere nyinaa .
• Kɔn mu yaw .
• Aso mu yaw (eyi betumi aba titiriw sɛ tɛkrɛma mu kokoram no atrɛw akɔ menewam a).
• Nkate a ɛne sɛ biribi akɔhyɛ menewam.
• Tɛkrɛma anaa ano afã afoforo a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Ɔhyew a ɛba tɛkrɛma so.
• Ɛyɛ den anaa ɛyaw bere a wɔrewe aduan anaa wɔremene no.
• Ɛnne a ɛyɛ den , anaasɛ ɛnne a ɛsakra.
• Anom a ɛho ahonhon.
• Nse a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Nsakrae a ɛba mpofirim wɔ sẽ a wode redi dwuma no mu (te sɛ nea ɛnyɛ nea ɛfata bio).

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, yɛsrɛ wo kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Dɛn na ɛde tɛkrɛma mu kokoram ba?

Abenfo da so ara rebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobehu nea ɛde eyi ba ankasa. Nanso nea wonim ne sɛ tɛkrɛma mu kokoram ba bere a nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ fi ase nyin a wontumi nni so no. Wɔda so ara resua nea enti a nnipa binom nya bi na afoforo nnya bi, ne nea enti a saa nkwammoaa yi nyin a wontumi nni so. Nhwehwɛmufo pii gye di sɛ nsakrae a ɛba awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu (DNA mutations) a ɛka tɛkrɛma no na ɛde kokoram ahorow yi ba . Saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi te sɛ akwankyerɛ nhoma ma yɛn nkwammoaa, na ɔhaw ahorow sɔre bere a saa akwankyerɛ ahorow no ankɔ yiye no.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde tɛkrɛma mu kokoram ba?

Abenfo ahu nneɛma pii a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya tɛkrɛma mu kokoram no yɛ kɛse. Yɛfrɛ eyinom sɛ asiane ahorow. Asiane abien a ɛho hia na tumi wom sen biara ne sigaretnom ne asanom bebrebe (nsanom ho haw). Sɛ wowɔ eyinom abien no nyinaa a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no yɛ kɛse mpo. Susuw ho hwɛ, nnuru a epira a ɛwɔ sigaret mu no sɛe wo tɛkrɛma mu nkwammoaa, na nsa betumi ama saa ɔsɛe no asɛe kɛse. Ɛte sɛ nea worehwie acid agu kuru so.

Nneɛma afoforo a ɛde asiane ba ne:

• HPV (Human Papillomavirus) yareɛ: Eyi ne ade titiriw a ɛde tɛkrɛma mu kokoram ba. Ɛntaa mma sɛ ebetumi ama anom tɛkrɛma nso anya kokoram. HPV yɛ mmoawa a abu so yiye na ɛtaa mfa sɛnkyerɛnne biara mma.
• Tawa a wɔwe: Tawa a wɔwe ka betel nut ho nso yɛ asiane kɛse. Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a abu so wɔ yɛn man yi mu, enti ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ yiye titiriw wɔ eyi ho.
• Betel nut a wɔwe: Betel nut a wɔwe nkutoo mpo ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya tɛkrɛma mu kokoram no yɛ kɛse.
• Abusua abakɔsɛm a ɛfa anom anaa anom kokoram ho: Abusua abakɔsɛm nso di dwuma.
• Woanya kokoram pɛn (titiriw squamous cell carcinoma).

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu tɛkrɛma mu kokoram? (Nyare a Wɔahu) .

Mpɛn pii no, ntini ho nnuruyɛfo na wodi kan susuw sɛ tɛkrɛma anya kokoram . Eyi betumi ayɛ bere a wɔreyɛ wo sẽ nhwehwɛmu daa, anom kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu, anaa bere a w’abusua oduruyɛfo (Primary Care Physician - PCP) reyɛ wo nhwehwɛmu sɛ wowɔ tebea foforo bi anaa.

Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu pii a, wo duruyɛfo betumi ayɛ nea edidi so yi:

• Wɔbɛhyerɛn hann soronko bi (fluorescent hann) wɔ w’ano mu de ahwehwɛ ntini biara a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so.
• Wɔde afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (endoscope) a mfoninitwa afiri ne kanea abata ho di dwuma de hwɛ ano ne menewa mu. Eyi ma wotumi hu emu yiye.
• Wɔhwɛ ntini a ɛwɔ kɔn no mu no sɛ ɛho ahonhon anaa. Yɛsan frɛ eyinom ‘ahohoro’. Eyinom betumi ahonhon bere a kokoram wɔ hɔ no.

Sɛ oduruyɛfo bi hu tɛkrɛma mu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, ɛda adi sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ wɔn nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu . Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔbɛfa ntini a ɛka no no ketewaa bi na wɔde akɔma afiri a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu. Ɛhɔ no, ɔyare ho ɔbenfo bi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ ntini no mu hwɛ sɛ ebia kokoram nkwammoaa wɔ mu anaa. Ɛte sɛ nea ɔsraani a ɔhwehwɛ nkurɔfo ho nsɛm mu rehwehwɛ adanse!

Nea ɛka ho no, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkra sɛ wɔnyɛ mfonini mu nhwehwɛmu te sɛ eyinom na ama wɔahu baabi a kokoram no atrɛw akodu ne sɛnea ɛsõ:

• CT scan (CT - kɔmputa so mfoninitwa afiri) .
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu
• PET mfonini (positron emission tomography mfoninitwa mfiri) .

Dɛn ne nnuru a wɔde sa tɛkrɛma mu kokoram? (Ayaresa)

Tɛkrɛma mu kokoram ayaresa gyina nneɛma pii so. Wosusuw sɛnea akisikuru no kɛse te, faako a ɛwɔ, ne baabi a kokoram nkwammoaa no atrɛw akodu no ho. Ayaresa atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi apaw:

• Tɛkrɛma mu kokoram oprehyɛn:Eyi taa hwehwɛ sɛ woyi tɛkrɛma no fã bi anaa ne nyinaa (``glossectomy''). Ɛtɔ da bi a, wɔyɛ ``neck dissection'' nso de tew kokoram no a ɛtrɛw kɔ nipadua no afã afoforo so (``metastasis''). Fa no sɛ woretwa dua a aporɔw nkorabata bi sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛrentrɛw nkɔ nipadua no afã afoforo.
• Mframa a wɔde sa yare: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnuruyɛfo de mframa a wɔde sa yare di dwuma de tew akisikuru no so ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn. Nanso mpɛn pii no, wɔde ma wɔ oprehyɛn akyi de kum kokoram nkwammoaa biara a aka. Ɛtɔ mmere bi nso a, sɛ kokoram no atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo dedaw a, wɔde di dwuma sɛ aduru biako.
• Nnuru a wɔde sa yare: Eyinom bi ne nnuru a wɔde sa yare , nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa , ne ayaresa a wɔde wɔn ani asi so . Eyinom nyinaa yɛ adwuma de ko tia kokoram nkwammoaa na wɔsɛe wɔn.

Sɛ wunya tɛkrɛma kokoram a, hokwan bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wo ho bɛtɔ wo? (Nsusuwii) .

Sɛ wohu tɛkrɛma kokoram na wɔsa no ntɛm a . Ɛno nti na ɛho hia kɛse sɛ woka kyerɛ oduruyɛfo ntɛm ara sɛ wuhu sɛ wo tɛkrɛma so akisikuru, nsensanee, anaa akuru foforo bi wɔ hɔ a ɛrensa a. Dodow a wotwɛn kyɛ no, dodow no ara na ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobɛsa.

Sɛ wɔyɛ tɛkrɛma kokoram oprehyɛn wie a, kasa mu ayaresa ne oprehyɛn a wɔde san yɛ no betumi aboa wo ma woasan atumi akasa na woamene. Enti mma ɛnhaw wo, abenfo bi wɔ hɔ a wobetumi aboa. Ebia ebegye bere kakra, nanso sɛ wode wo ho hyɛ mu a, wubetumi asan aba sɛnea na ɛte kan no.

Nnipa dodow ahe na wotumi tra ase wɔ tɛkrɛma mu kokoram mu?

Sɛnea obi a ɔwɔ tɛkrɛma mu kokoram betumi atra ase no gyina sɛ ebia kokoram no atrɛw akɔ mmeae afoforo anaa.

Saa ‘nkwa dodow’ yi de nnipa a wɔwɔ kokoram bi ne asiane a ɛwɔ mu ma wɔn a wɔwɔ nnipa dodow no ara mu no toto ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ mfe anum a wɔde tra ase wɔ kokoram pɔtee bi ho no yɛ 93% a, ɛno kyerɛ sɛ nnipa 100 biara a wɔwɔ saa kokoram no ne ne fã no mu 93 da so ara te ase wɔ mfe anum akyi wɔ bere a wɔahu sɛ wɔanya bi no.

Nanso kae sɛ saa nkwagye dodow yi yɛ akontaabu ara kwa. Wɔnkyerɛ wo bere tenten a wobɛtra ase anaa ayaresa a ɛbɛyɛ yiye ama wo yiye. Ɛsono sɛnea obiara nipadua ne sɛnea yare no kɔ so no. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa na woanya nsɛm pii.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi asiw tɛkrɛma mu kokoram ano? (Ayaresa a wɔde siw ano) .

Wɔrentumi nsiw tɛkrɛma mu kokoram ano koraa. Nanso, nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so kɛse :

• Kwati tawa ne nsa:Ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so asiw tɛkrɛma mu kokoram ano ne sɛ wobɛtwe wo ho afi tawa (sigaret, beedis, sigaret, tawa a wɔwe) ne nsa ho. Eyinom ne nneɛma atitiriw abien a ɛde asiane ba. Bere a wɔagyae mfe pii mpo no, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya ano ne menewam kokoram ahorow nyinaa betumi atew kɛse.
• Nya HPV aduru no: HPV yɛ ade titiriw a ɛde menewam kokoram ba. Ɛtaa ba na ɛntaa mma yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne. HPV aduru no betumi abɔ obi ho ban afi tɛkrɛma mu kokoram ho, ne kokoram a ɛba awotwaa mu, ɔbarima akyi berɛmo, awotwaa mu, ne akyi berɛmo mu. Bisa wo duruyɛfo no eyi ho asɛm.
• Di nnuaba, nhabannuru, ne aburow a wɔayam pii: Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wubenya w’aduannuru afi nnuan a wɔayɛ no foforo a wɔannoa mu. To nam kɔkɔɔ, anonne a asikre wom, ne nnuan a wɔayɛ no yiye ano hye. Bisa wo duruyɛfo no aduan pa ho nhyehyɛe a ɛfata wo ho asɛm.
• Hwɛ wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo daa: Wɔ saa nhyiam ahorow yi mu no, wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu daa sɛ ebia wowɔ anom kokoram anaa. Nea ɛka ho no, anom akwahosan pa so wɔ mfaso ma wo nipadua nyinaa akwahosan ne yiyedi.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wuhu sɛ akuru foforo, akisikuru, nsensanee, akuru, anaa kɔla sesa wɔ wo tɛkrɛma so, titiriw sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ bɛboro adapɛn abien a , hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Mma w’ani ngu so kɛkɛ. Ebia ɛnyɛ aniberesɛm biara, nanso eye sɛ wobɛma wɔahwɛ mu.

Nea ɛka ho no, kɔ wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn daa ma wosiesie wo sẽ na ɔnkɔhwɛ wo. Wɔ nnipa dodow no ara fam no, ɛno kyerɛ asram asia biara. Nanso, wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo begyina w’ahiade so akyerɛ wo mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ woba. Sɛ biribi wɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ a, ebia wobetumi ahu bere a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu daa no.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ tɛkrɛma mu kokoram a, ebia wobɛpɛ sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:

• Wunim nea ɛma saa akisikuru yi ba?
• So kokoram no atrɛw? Sɛ saa a, ɛnde akodu he?
• Dɛn ne anammɔn a edi hɔ a mɛfa so? Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ?
• Ayaresa bɛn na mihia?
• Bere tenten ahe na ayaresa gye?
• So ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ mɛgye m’ahome afi adwuma anaa sukuu mu?
• Bere bɛn na mehu sɛ ayaresa no yɛ yiye anaa?
• Nsunsuanso bɔne bɛn na efi ayaresa mu ba? Dɛn na wobetumi ayɛ wɔ wɔn ho?

Ɛnyɛ nsɛmmisa yi nko, na mmom biribiara a ɛwɔ w’adwenem, adwenem naayɛ ketewaa bi mpo no, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa oduruyɛfo no. Wɔwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu nka, w’abam abu, na ebia woadi awerɛhow kɛse mpo bere a wote sɛ wo anaa obi a wodɔ no wɔ tɛkrɛma mu kokoram no. Nanso mma nsuro, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu.Wo duruyɛfo wɔ hɔ sɛ ɔbɛboa wo. Wobetumi ne wo akasa afa ayaresa a wobetumi apaw ho na wɔanya nneɛma a wɔde bɛboa wo wɔ anammɔn biara a wobɛtu.

Sɛ wohu no ntɛm na wɔsa yare a, ɛyɛ ade titiriw. Enti, sɛ wohu sɛ baabi foforo, akuru anaa biribi foforo biara a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ wɔ wo tɛkrɛma so a – ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo. Yɛ ntɛm, gye nkwa! Ɛnyɛ wo nko ara, yɛn nyinaa wɔ ha sɛ yɛbɛboa wo wɔ akwantuo yi mu.

` Tɛkrɛma Kokoram, Tɛkrɛma Kokoram, Anom Kokoram, Kokoram Nsɛnkyerɛnne, Kokoram De Ba, Kokoram Ayaresa, HPV