Abin da ya kamata ku sani game da Aduhelm (Aducanumab) don cutar Alzheimer

Kalmomi ba za su iya bayyana baƙin ciki da rashin taimako da muke ji ba lokacin da ƙaunataccenmu, wataƙila uwa, uba, ko aboki, ya kamu da cutar Alzheimer , wadda ke haifar da asarar tunawa. Likitoci da masana kimiyya a duk faɗin duniya suna aiki tuƙuru don nemo maganin wannan cuta. Sakamakon irin wannan ƙoƙarin, duniya ta fara magana game da maganin Aducanumab , wanda ke ƙarƙashin sunan Aduhelm. Amma duk da cewa akwai babban bege ga wannan maganin, akwai kuma ce-ce-ku-ce mai yawa. Yanzu an dakatar da samar da wannan maganin. Don haka a yau, bari mu yi magana game da menene wannan Aduhelm, yadda yake aiki, da kuma dalilin da ya sa ba ya samuwa.

A taƙaice dai, menene wannan Aduhelm (Aducanumab)?

Aduhelm magani ne da ake ba marasa lafiya a farkon cutar Alzheimer, wato waɗanda ke da ɗan rauni a hankali . Yana cikin wani nau'in magunguna na musamman da ake kira monoclonal antibodies .

Ka yi tunanin, idan cutar Alzheimer ta bulla, wani nau'in furotin da ake kira amyloid yana taruwa tsakanin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwarmu, yana ajiye kansa kamar shara. Muna kiran wannan amyloid plaques . Waɗannan plaques suna lalata ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa kuma suna sa su mutu. Babban aikin maganin Aduhelm shine gano plaques na amyloid da ke taruwa a cikin kwakwalwa da kuma taimaka wa jiki ya cire su.

Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da maganin ta wata hanya daban, inda ta yi watsi da shawarwarin kwamitin ba da shawara na hukumar. Sakamakon haka, wasu kwararrun likitoci sun yi tambaya kan bukatar karin bincike kan aminci da ingancin maganin.

Duk da haka, kamfanin da ya ƙera wannan maganin ya daina samar da shi gaba ɗaya a shekarar 2024. Za mu ga dalilin daga baya.

Ta yaya wannan maganin yake aiki a jiki?

Wannan magani ne da ake bayarwa sau ɗaya a wata ta hanyar allurar IV. Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, ɗaya daga cikin manyan alamun cutar Alzheimer shine tarin furotin da ake kira amyloid-beta a cikin kwakwalwa, yana samar da plaques. Wannan yana sa ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa su mutu, wanda shine babban dalilin rashin tunawa da canje-canje a ɗabi'a.

Masana kimiyya sun yi tunanin cewa ta hanyar cire plaque ta wannan hanyar, ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa za su daina mutuwa kuma za a sarrafa ci gaba da lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ƙwarewar tunani.

Shin wannan maganin yana da tasiri sosai? Me yasa ake ta muhawara a kai?

Wannan ita ce tambayar da mutane da yawa ke yi. An gudanar da manyan bincike guda biyu don bincika ingancin maganin Aduhelm.

1. Bincike na farko: Wannan ya nuna cewa maganin Aduhelm ya rage yawan amyloid plaques a cikin kwakwalwa. Hakanan ya ɗan rage saurin raguwar ƙwaƙwalwa da ikon yin ayyukan yau da kullun ga waɗanda suka sha babban maganin. Amma maganin bai iya dakatarwa ko magance cutar ba.

2. Nazari na biyu: Wannan binciken bai nuna wata fa'ida ga marasa lafiya ba. Saboda haka, an dakatar da wannan binciken a tsakiyar lokaci.

Sakamakon wannan bincike ɗaya kawai bai isa ya gamsar da hukumar ba da shawara ta FDA ba. Amma FDA ta yanke shawarar amincewa da maganin. Amma a lokaci guda, ta ba Biogen, kamfanin da ke yin maganin, shekaru tara don gudanar da wani bincike don tabbatar da ingancin maganin. Wannan amincewa kwatsam ta haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce, kuma wasu manyan asibitoci sun yanke shawarar kada su ba wa marasa lafiyarsu shi har sai an sami ƙarin bayani game da maganin.

Bambanci tsakanin Aducanumab da Lecanemab

Akwai wani magani mai suna Lecanemab (Leqembi) wanda yayi kama da Aducanumab (Aduhelm). Hakanan kwayar halittar monoclonal ce. Duk waɗannan suna aiki ne ta hanyar niyya ga sunadaran amyloid a cikin kwakwalwa. Duk da haka, akwai ɗan bambanci kaɗan a yadda suke aiki. Wato, waɗannan magunguna biyu suna aiki a matakai biyu daban-daban a cikin tsarin samuwar amyloid plaque. Lecanemab ya sami amincewar FDA a shekarar 2023. Bincike ya nuna cewa yana iya rage ci gaban cutar da kusan kashi 20%-30%.

Menene illar Aducanumab?

Kamar kowace magani, Aducanumab na iya haifar da illa . Wasu daga cikinsu na iya zama masu tsanani, don haka yana da mahimmanci a san su.

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine idan wani da ke shan wannan nau'in maganin ya fuskanci wata alama ta daban, ya kamata ya sanar da likitansa nan take.

To me yasa aka daina wannan maganin?

A watan Janairun 2024, Biogen ta sanar da cewa za ta daina kera da sayar da Aducanumab gaba daya. Mutane da yawa sun yi tunanin cewa hakan ya faru ne saboda matsalolin tsaro ko rashin inganci. Amma ba wannan ne ainihin dalilin ba.

Kamfanin ya bayyana cewa an yi wannan matakin ne saboda ya yanke shawarar mayar da hankali kan albarkatunsa (kudi, ƙungiyoyin bincike, da sauransu) kan haɓaka da tallata wasu magungunan Alzheimer, musamman magunguna kamar Lecanemab. Wato, wannan shawara ce ta kasuwanci da kula da albarkatu, ba shawara ce da aka yanke ba saboda damuwa game da amincin maganin ko ingancinsa.

Da wannan shawarar, bayan 1 ga Nuwamba, 2024, har ma marasa lafiya da suka karɓi wannan maganin bisa takardar likita ba za su sake samunsa ba.