Shin ka taɓa duba rahoton jininka, wato, Cikakken Ƙidayar Jini (FBC), ka ga kalmar 'Lymphocytes'? Wataƙila an nuna ta da kibiya da ke nuna cewa ƙimar ta fi ko ƙasa da yadda aka saba. Don haka, ganin wannan na iya zama ɗan ban tsoro. Menene waɗannan lymphocytes? Me yasa suke da mahimmanci ga jikinmu? Kada ka damu, za mu yi magana game da komai a cikin sauƙi da haske a yau.
A taƙaice dai, menene waɗannan lymphocytes?
Lymphocytes wani nau'in farin jini ne a cikin jininka. Ka yi tunanin jikinmu a matsayin ƙasa. Tsarin garkuwar jikinmu shine rundunar wannan ƙasar. Lymphocytes sojoji ne da aka horar musamman, masu matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin wannan rundunar. Babban aikinsu shine yaƙi da maƙiyan da ke shiga jikinmu, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma kare mu daga cututtuka.
Akwai manyan nau'i biyu na waɗannan sojojin lymphocytes .
- Kwayoyin T lymphocytes (ƙwayoyin T): Waɗannan kamar kwamandojin sojoji ne. Suna sarrafa martanin tsarin garkuwar jiki, kuma suna neman da kuma lalata ƙwayoyin da ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa da suka shiga jiki kai tsaye.
- B lymphocytes (ƙwayoyin B): Waɗannan su ne masu kera makamai na rundunar. Suna yin sunadaran musamman da ake kira antibodies . Waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi kamar makamai masu linzami ne na homing. Suna manne wa abokan gaba, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda suka shiga jiki kuma suna hana su aiki.
Menene ainihin aikin lymphocytes ga jiki?
Babban aikin lymphocytes shine kare jikinmu. Suna yaƙi da abubuwan da ba a sani ba, ko antigens , waɗanda ke shiga jiki. Waɗannan maƙiyan sun haɗa da ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, har ma da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
Amma, abin mamaki ma, lymphocytes suna da kyakkyawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya . Ba sa taɓa mantawa da maƙiyin da suka taɓa fuskanta. Ka yi tunanin, ka kamu da cutar kyanda tun kana yaro. A lokacin, lymphocytes ɗinka suna yaƙi da ƙwayar kyanda kuma suna haddace bayanai game da ita. Muna kiran ƙwayoyin da ke ɗauke da wannan ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Sannan, idan ƙwayar kyanda iri ɗaya ta yi ƙoƙarin sake shiga jikinka wata rana, waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya suna gane ta da sauri, suna sanar da sojoji cewa tsohon abokin gaba ya dawo, kuma da sauri suna samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ake buƙata don lalata ta.
Dalilin da yasa da zarar ka kamu da cuta kamar ciwon daji ko kyanda, ba za ka sake kamuwa da ita ba shine saboda yawan tunawa da waɗannan ƙwayoyin lymphocytes. Allurar rigakafi da muke samu don kare kanmu daga cututtuka suna aiki akan wannan ƙa'ida. Abin da allurar rigakafi ke yi shine baiwa jiki ƙwayar cuta mai rauni da kuma horar da ƙwayoyin lymph ɗinmu don gane wannan maƙiyin.
Ta yaya ƙwayoyin T da ƙwayoyin B suke aiki tare?
Waɗannan ƙwayoyin T da ƙwayoyin B kamar mutane biyu ne ke aiki a ƙungiya ɗaya, amma suna da ayyuka daban-daban. Suna taimaka wa junansu wajen yaƙi da abokan gaba.
Kwayoyin T - Kwamandoji da Runduna ta Musamman na rundunarmu!
Babban aikin ƙwayoyin T shine lalata ƙwayoyin da suka kamu da cutar da kuma sarrafa aikin garkuwar jiki gaba ɗaya. Akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin T da dama:
- Kwayoyin T masu guba: Waɗannan su ne rundunonin sojoji na musamman. Suna zuwa kai tsaye ga ƙwayoyin da suka kamu da cutar ko kuma waɗanda suka kamu da cutar kansa, suna haɗe su, suna lalata membrane na tantanin halitta, sannan su aika enzymes a ciki don kashe tantanin halitta.
- Ƙwayoyin T na Taimako: Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, waɗannan suna taimakawa wasu ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki. Wasu ƙwayoyin T na taimako suna nuna alamun ƙwayoyin B, "Ga maƙiyi, yi ƙwayoyin rigakafi da sauri." Wasu kuma suna taimakawa wajen kunna ƙwayoyin T masu kisa.
- Kwayoyin T masu daidaita jiki : Waɗannan su ne mutanen da suka san lokacin da ya kamata su daina faɗa. Idan yaƙi ya ƙare, suna samar da sinadarai da ke hana garkuwar jiki amsawa. Idan ba su yi ba, sojojinmu za su iya kai hari ga ƙwayoyin halittarmu masu kyau.
Kwayoyin B - masana'antun makamai!
Babban aikin ƙwayoyin B shine ƙirƙirar makamai da ake kira antibodies. Suna iya yin takamaiman ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda suka keɓance ga kowane abokin gaba. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu da ƙwayoyin B ke amsawa:
- Babban martanin garkuwar jiki: Idan aka haɗu da antigen a karon farko, ƙwayoyin B suna motsawa. Wasu ƙwayoyin B suna zama ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwa. Sauran ƙwayoyin B suna zama ƙwayoyin plasma kuma suna fara yin ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda suka keɓance ga wannan takamaiman antigen. Wannan tsari na iya ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa.
- Amsar garkuwar jiki ta biyu: Idan maƙiyin ɗaya ya dawo jiki wata rana, ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwa da aka kafa a baya sun gane shi da sauri. Sannan suna rabuwa da sauri, suna zama ƙwayoyin jini, kuma cikin sauri suna samar da adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda suka dace da wannan maƙiyin.
Yadda ake fahimtar ƙimar lymphocytes a cikin rahoton jini?
NakuAdadin lymphocytes a cikin jini na iya bambanta kaɗan dangane da shekaru, jinsi, yankin zama, da salon rayuwa. Duk da haka, akwai nau'ikan ƙima da aka yarda da su gabaɗaya.
| Rukunin shekaru | Tsarin Lymphocyte na Al'ada (a kowace microlita na jini) |
|---|---|
| Manya | Tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta 1,000 zuwa 4,800 |
| Yara | Tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta 3,000 da 9,500 |
Yawanci, lymphocytes suna samar da tsakanin kashi 20% zuwa 40% na jimillar ƙwayoyin jinin ku.
Menene ma'anar karuwar lymphocytes (Lymphocytosis)?
Idan adadin lymphocytes a cikin jini ya fi yadda aka saba, a likitanci muna kiransa lymphocytosis . Kada ka firgita idan ka ga wannan. A mafi yawan lokuta, karuwar adadin lymphocytes alama ce mai kyau cewa garkuwar jikinka tana yaƙi da kamuwa da cuta a cikin jikinka.
Duk da haka, wani lokacin mawuyacin yanayi na iya haifar da ƙaruwar lymphocytes.
- Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta kamar hepatitis
- Syphilis
- Mononucleosis
- Tarin fuka
- HIV da AIDS
- Ciwon thyroid
- Cututtuka kamar tari mai tsanani
- Ciwon daji na jini kamar su lymphoma ko cutar sankarar bargo
Menene raguwar lymphocytes? (Lymphocytopenia)
Idan adadin lymphocytes a cikin jini ya yi ƙasa da yadda aka saba, muna kiransa lymphocytopenia . Wannan yanayin na iya faruwa ne sakamakon ƙananan cututtuka kamar mura ko mura. Haka kuma, adadin lymphocytes na iya raguwa saboda wasu dalilai masu tsanani.
- HIV ko AIDS
- Ciwon tarin fuka ko typhoid
- Ciwon hanta mai ƙwayar cuta (Viral Hepatitis)
- Cututtukan autoimmune kamar lupus
- Radiation ko chemotherapy don ciwon daji
- Ba kasafai ake samun yanayin kwayoyin halitta na haihuwa ba,
Akwai wasu alamu da ke haifar da canje-canje a matakan lymphocytes?
Abu mai mahimmanci da za a tuna a nan shi ne cewa ƙaruwa ko raguwar adadin lymphocytes ba ya haifar da alamun cutar da kanta . Kuna samun alamun cutar ne saboda dalilin da ya sa aka canza adadin lymphocytes. Misali, idan adadin lymphocytes ɗinku ya canza saboda ciwon daji ko kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, kuna iya nuna alamun da suka shafi wannan cutar.
| Alamomin gama gari na wata cuta da ke cikinta |
|---|
| Kumburin lymph nodes (kumburi a wuya, hammata, da kuma makwancin gwaiwa) |
| Gumi mai yawa da daddare |
| Zazzabi mai ɗorewa ba tare da wani dalili ba |
| Ciwon ciki ko kumburi |
| Rashin ci da kuma asarar nauyi |
| Wahalar numfashi |
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Lymphocytes ƙungiya ce ta sojoji masu matuƙar muhimmanci a jikinka waɗanda ke kare ka daga cututtuka.
- Idan rahoton lymphocytes ɗinka a cikin jininka ya fi ko ƙasa da yadda aka saba, sau da yawa yana iya zama alama cewa jikinka yana yaƙi da kamuwa da cuta.
- Kada ka firgita ko ka yanke shawarar cewa kana da rashin lafiya ta hanyar duban ƙimar da ke cikin rahoton jinin.
- Abu mafi mahimmanci shine koyaushe a nuna wa likitanka sakamakon gwajin jininka. Likitan zai yi la'akari da sauran dabi'un da ke cikin rahotonka, alamominka, da lafiyarka gaba ɗaya kafin ya ba ka shawara mafi kyau.
👩🏽⚕️ Ƙarin tambayoyi (Tambayoyi akai-akai)
💬 🧐 Menene waɗannan lymphocytes?
Lymphocytes wani nau'in ƙwayoyin jinin fararen jini ne a jikinmu. A taƙaice dai, waɗannan su ne 'sojoji' da ke kare jikinmu daga cututtuka. Su ne waɗanda ke ƙarfafa garkuwar jikinmu ta hanyar yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasashen waje kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.
💬 🛡️ Me yasa ake kiran waɗannan ƙwayoyin lymphocytes 'soja'?
Domin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta za su iya gane duk wani ƙwayar cuta da ke shiga jikinmu su kuma yi yaƙi da su. Akwai manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin lymphocytes guda biyu (ƙwayoyin T da ƙwayoyin B). Tare, suna aiki kamar rundunar sojoji kuma suna kare jikinmu daga rashin lafiya, shi ya sa muke kiransu 'sojoji' a cikin wannan labarin.
💬 🩸 Me ake nufi idan matakin lymphocytes a cikin gwajin jini ya canza?
Gabaɗaya, idan an ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin lymphocytes a cikin gwajin jini (Cikakken Ƙidayar Jini), hakan yana nufin cewa waɗannan sojoji suna yaƙi da wasu cututtuka a cikin jikinka. Haka kuma, idan wannan matakin ya yi ƙasa sosai, garkuwar jikinka na iya yin rauni kaɗan. Don haka ci gaba da karanta labarinmu don sanin ainihin wannan.
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