Ƙarfin Kwakwalwarka Mai Ban Mamaki: Menene Ƙarfin Jijiyoyi?

Shin kana ganin kwakwalwarka koyaushe iri ɗaya ce kuma ba ta canzawa? Ba haka ba ne. Kwakwalwarmu wata gaɓa ce mai ban mamaki wadda ke canzawa koyaushe a rayuwarmu, tana daidaitawa yayin da muke koyon sabbin abubuwa, kuma tana ƙara ƙarfi da gogewa. Wannan baiwar kwakwalwa ta canzawa da daidaitawa ta wannan hanyar ita ce abin da muke kira neuroplasticity a magani. A taƙaice, lokacin da ka koyi wani sabon abu, ka yi aiki da sabuwar fasaha, ko kuma ka fuskanci wani yanayi mai zurfi kamar baƙin ciki ko mamaki, kwakwalwarka tana daidaitawa daidai gwargwado. Hanyar da ke taimaka wa wannan faruwa ana kiranta neuroplasticity.

Ta yaya neuroplasticity ke shafar rayuwarmu?

Ka yi tunanin cewa wani ya rasa ikon magana saboda wata cuta kamar gurguwar jiki ko bugun jini. Amma bayan wani lokaci, wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa wanda ba shi da lahani ya karɓi aikin magana. A hankali, tare da gyara, mutum zai iya amfani da wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa don sake magana. Wannan misali ne mai kyau na neuroplasticity. Hakazalika, mutumin da ke fama da rashin ji yana iya samun jin gani ko wari mai kaifi. Wannan saboda kwakwalwa tana haɓaka aikin sauran ji don rama asarar. Kowace gogewa da muka samu, kowace hulɗa da muke da ita, tana sa hanyar sadarwa tsakanin jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwarmu ta sake ginawa da sake tsara ta. Da farko, lokacin da kwakwalwa ta saba da wani sabon abu, aikinsa kawai yake canzawa. Muna kiran wannan Aiki Mai Rarraba Jiki . Amma idan ka yi abu ɗaya akai-akai, tsarin jiki na kwakwalwa zai fara canzawa. Muna kiran wannan Tsarin Rarraba Jiki . Ka yi tunanin kana ƙoƙarin inganta matsayin bugunka lokacin da kake buga wasan kurket. Kana da hannuwa biyu, amma yanzu kana amfani da su ta wata hanya mafi kyau. A lokaci guda, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwarka waɗanda ke da alaƙa da wannan aikin suna fara aiki tare ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Yayin da kake ci gaba da yin atisaye, sabbin haɗi masu ƙarfi (synapses) suna samuwa tsakanin waɗannan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi. Wannan shine abin da koyo yake.

Wasu daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da neuroplasticity ke aiki

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban da kwakwalwa ke canzawa a cikin manufar neuroplasticity. Bari mu dubi kaɗan daga cikinsu.

• Samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi (Neurogenesis):Kwakwalwar manya tana samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi kaɗan fiye da yaro, amma masana sun yi imanin cewa wannan tsari har yanzu yana faruwa a cikin hippocampus , wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa wanda yake da mahimmanci ga abubuwa kamar ƙwaƙwalwa da koyo.
• Rashen Ƙwayoyin Jijiyoyi: Idan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi suka lalace, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi masu lafiya da ke kusa suna tsiro sabbin rassan (dendrites) don taimakawa wajen cike gibin. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen dawo da aiki a yankin da ya lalace.
• Tsarin Haɗa Jini: Idan aka maimaita wannan aikin, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi masu dacewa suna haɗuwa, kuma bayan lokaci, sabbin haɗi (synapses) suna haɗuwa a tsakaninsu. Wannan yana faruwa da sauri a lokacin ƙuruciya.
• Ƙarfafa Synaptic: Yayin da kake ci gaba da yin wani sabon abu, haɗin jijiyoyi (synapses) da ke tattare da shi suna ƙaruwa. Wannan yana sa sadarwa tsakanin jijiyoyi ta fi inganci.
• Gogewar Synaptic: Ka yi tunanin ba ka yi amfani da wani abu da ka koya ba. To, haɗin jijiyoyi da aka kafa dangane da shi zai iya raunana kuma ya ɓace. Wannan ba abu ne mai kyau ba. Kamar kwakwalwa tana "tsarkake" kanta ta hanyar cire abubuwan da ba dole ba. Wannan yana sa kwakwalwa ta fi aiki.

Ka'idojin Neuroplasticity: Yadda ake Horar da Kwakwalwa?

Idan kwakwalwarmu ta canza sakamakon abubuwan da muka fuskanta, za mu iya inganta wannan tsari ta hanyar samar wa kwakwalwa ƙarin abubuwan da za su amfani? Za mu iya amfani da wannan ilimin don taimaka wa kwakwalwa ta murmure daga ƙarin lalacewa? Eh. Bisa ga waɗannan ra'ayoyin, masu bincike Jeffrey A. Kleim da Theresa A. Jones sun gabatar da ƙa'idodi 10 na neuroplasticity. Sun bayyana yadda ilmantarwa ke taimaka wa kwakwalwa ta warke daga lalacewa.

Me za mu iya yi don inganta lafiyar kwakwalwa da kuma yanayin jijiyoyi?

Dr. Tansy ta shawarci waɗanda ke son kiyaye lafiyar kwakwalwarsu da kuma amfani da wannan damar da ake kira neuroplasticity su bi tsarin "GARKUWA".

• S - Barci: Sami barci mai kyau na awanni 7-8 kowace dare. Barci yana da mahimmanci don ƙarfafa tunanin mutum da kuma cire gubar da ba a so daga kwakwalwa (misali plaques waɗanda zasu iya haifar da ciwon hauka).
• H - Magance Damuwa : Nemo hanyar da za ku bi don magance damuwarku. Zai iya zama bimbini, motsa jiki, sha'awa, ko karanta littafi. Damuwa mai tsawo na iya haifar da kumburi a kwakwalwa.
• Ni - Mu'amala da wasu: Kiyaye dangantaka mai ƙarfi ta zamantakewa, kamar yin magana da mu'amala da abokai da dangi nagari. Wannan yana kare lafiyar kwakwalwa .
• Motsa Jiki: Yi motsa jiki na matsakaicin lokaci zuwa mai ƙarfi na akalla mintuna 150 a kowane mako (kwana 5, mintuna 30 a kowace rana). Motsa jiki yana ƙarfafa haɓakar sabbin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi.
• L - Koyi sabbin abubuwa: Koyi kuma ka yi aiki da sabbin abubuwa, sabbin ƙwarewa, waɗanda ke ƙalubalantarka. Wannan yana ƙarfafa synapses a cikin kwakwalwarka.
• D - Abinci : Abinci mai wadataccen kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, wake, hatsi cikakke, mai mai lafiya, da ƙarancin nama ja (misali, abincin Bahar Rum) yana da matuƙar amfani ga kwakwalwa.

Jinkirin jijiyoyi yana ƙaruwa bayan raunin kwakwalwa ko bugun jini mai tsanani don taimakawa wajen murmurewa. Misali, wannan ikon yana kan kololuwa a cikin watanni biyu zuwa uku na farko bayan bugun jini. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a sami ingantaccen magani na murmurewa a wannan lokacin. Yi magana da likitanka game da wannan kuma ka sami jagora mai kyau.