ʻO ka lolo ka ʻāpana kupaianaha a paʻakikī loa i loko o ko kākou kino. Ua like ia me kahi kamepiula nui. ʻO nā mea a pau a kākou e noʻonoʻo ai, e manaʻo ai, e hoʻomanaʻo ai, a e aʻo ai, ua hoʻomalu ʻia e kēia ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. No laila, i kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa o kēia kamepiula nui, ʻo ia ka "ʻili lāʻau" aia ma waho pono o ka lolo. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kapa mākou i kēia ʻo ka cerebral cortex , a i ʻole `(Cerebral Cortex)`.
He aha ka Cerebral Cortex?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka cerebral cortex ka papa lahilahi loa ma waho loa e hoʻopuni ana i ka ʻāpana nui o ko kākou lolo i kapa ʻia ʻo ka cerebrum. Inā ua ʻike ʻoe i ke kiʻi o ka lolo, ua like ia me ka wrinkled a me ka pelu ʻia, ʻeā? ʻO kēlā ʻano wrinkled ma muli o kēia cerebral cortex.
E noʻonoʻo, inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa i kahi ʻāpana pepa nui i loko o kahi pahu liʻiliʻi, pono ʻoe e pelu a kuʻi iā ia, ʻeā? Ma ke ʻano like, ua hana ʻia ko mākou lolo i nā wrinkles ma kēia ʻano e hoʻokipa i nā neurons he nui e like me ka hiki. Hoʻonui nui kēia mau wrinkles i ka ʻili o ka cortex cerebral. Ma kahi o 2,500 kenimika kuea e pololei! ʻAe kēia i ko mākou lolo e hana i ka ʻike hou aku a noʻonoʻo i nā mea paʻakikī.
ʻOiai he mau milimita wale nō ka mānoanoa o kēia papa, he 50% ia o ka nuipa holoʻokoʻa o ko kākou lolo. Ua manaʻo ʻia aia ma waena o 14 a me 16 biliona mau hunaola nerve .
ʻO nā ʻauwai hohonu i hana ʻia ma muli o kēia ʻano ʻūmiʻi ua kapa ʻia ʻo "sulci" a ʻo nā ʻāpana i hāpai ʻia ua kapa ʻia ʻo "gyri". ʻO kēia nā hale e noho ana nā miliona o nā hunaola nerve e pono ai no ka hana ʻana o ko kākou lolo.
No ke aha i kapa ʻia ai kēia ʻo 'Gray Matter'?
Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo 'gray matter'. ʻO ia ke ʻano o kēia ʻāpana o ka cerebral cortex. ʻAʻohe uhi momona o nā ʻaʻalolo ma kēia ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ʻo `(myelin)`. ʻO ia ke kumu he hina. Uhi ʻia nā olonā nerve i loko o ka 'white matter' i loko o ka lolo i ka `(myelin)`, no laila he keʻokeʻo.
ʻO nā ʻāpana nui o ka cerebral cortex a me kā lākou hana
Ua māhele nui ʻia ko kākou cortex cerebral i ʻelua hemispheres like. ʻO ia ka hemisphere hema a me ka hemisphere ʻākau . Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau hemispheres ʻelua kekahi i kekahi e kahi alahaka i hana ʻia me ka nui o nā olonā nerve i kapa ʻia ʻo "corpus callosum". Ma o kēia mea e hoʻololi ʻia ai ka ʻike ma waena o nā hemispheres ʻelua.
Eia kekahi, ua māhele ʻia kēlā me kēia o kēia mau hemispheres i ʻehā mau ʻāpana nui, a i ʻole lobes. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o kēia mau lobes nā hana kikoʻī. E nānā kākou i ko lākou ʻano.
| Lobe | Nā hana nui | Nā hōʻailona o ka hōʻino |
|---|---|---|
| Lobe mua ʻO ka ʻaoʻao mua loa o ka lolo, ma hope o ka lae |
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| Lobe Parietal Ma luna o ke poʻo, ma waena o nā iwi mua a me nā iwi parietal |
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| Lobe Manawa Ma luna o nā pepeiao pepeiao, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka lolo |
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| Lobe ʻokiʻoki Ma hope o ke poʻo, ma luna o ka ʻāʻī |
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He aha ka mea e hana inā ua hōʻino ʻia ka cerebral cortex?
Aia kekahi mau kumu nui e hiki ai ke hōʻino ʻia kēia ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka lolo. Eia kekahi laʻana:
- Nā puʻupuʻu lolo
- Hahau
- Ke kahe nei ke koko i loko o ka lolo
- Nā maʻi autoimmune
- Nā ʻeha poʻo koʻikoʻi
E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka papa ma luna, ʻokoʻa loa nā hōʻailona ma muli o ka ʻāpana o ka lolo i hōʻino ʻia. No ka laʻana, hiki ke loli ke ʻano o ke kanaka inā hōʻino ʻia ka lobe frontal. Pēlā nō, hiki ke nalowale ka ʻike o ke kanaka inā hōʻino ʻia ka lobe occipital.
He mea nui loa: Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi āu i ʻike ai kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, mai manaʻo i kekahi mea a e ʻike koke i ke kauka a kauka paha i kūpono. He mea koʻikoʻi loa nā pilikia e pili ana i ka lolo, no laila he mea nui ka ʻimi koke ʻana i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lapaʻau.
ʻO ka lolo ke kikowaena hoʻomalu o ko kākou kino. ʻO ia ka mea e hoʻolilo iā kākou "iā kākou." No laila, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i ka cerebral cortex, ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kēlā supercomputer, he mea kōkua nui ia i ka ʻike ʻana i ko kākou olakino.
Leka Lawe-Home
- ʻO ka cerebral cortex ka ʻāpana noʻonoʻo waho loa o ko kākou lolo. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia he "mea hina."
- ʻO kona mau ʻūlū a me nā pelu e ʻae iā ia e hoʻokomo i nā hunaola aʻalolo he nui aʻe ma kahi liʻiliʻi.
- Ua māhele ʻia i ʻehā mau ʻāpana nui (frontal, parietal, temporal, a me occipital), a he mau hana kūikawā ko kēlā me kēia (e like me ka ʻōlelo, ka ʻike, ka hoʻomanaʻo, a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana).
- ʻOkoʻa nā hōʻailona o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka cortex cerebral ma muli o kahi i hana ʻia ai ka hōʻino.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hōʻailona e pili ana i ka lolo, he mea nui loa ia e pale i ka nānā ponoʻī ʻana a e ʻike koke i kāu kauka.
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