Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i ke ʻano kupaianaha a paʻakikī o ke kaʻina hana o ka hanu ʻana? Me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia, hana ʻia kēia ma mua o iwakālua tausani mau manawa i ka lā. ʻOiai mākou e hiamoe ana, e hana ana, a e pāʻani ana, ʻo ke koa nui ma hope o kēia hana kupaianaha o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ko mākou kino me ka oxygen e pono ai, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka oxygen , a me ka hoʻokuke ʻana i nā kinoea pono ʻole, ʻo ia ko mākou mau māmā . No laila i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i nā māmā, he mea nui ia no ko mākou ola.
He aha nā māmā? Aia lākou ma hea?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo nā māmā ka ʻāpana nui o kā mākou ʻōnaehana hanu , ka pūnaewele o nā ʻōpū e pili ana i ko mākou hanu ʻana. Loaʻa iā mākou ʻelua mau māmā. Aia lākou i loko o ko mākou umauma, ʻo ia ka wahi ma waena o ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻōpū, ma kēlā ʻaoʻao kēia ʻaoʻao. Kāhea pū mākou i kēia ʻo ka thorax.
ʻAʻole like loa ko kākou mau māmā. He ʻokoʻa iki nō.
Māmā ʻĀkau
Ua māhele ʻia ka māmā ʻākau i ʻekolu ʻāpana, a i ʻole ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he 'lobes' . He pōkole iki ia ma mua o ka māmā hema, akā ʻoi aku ka laulā. Ua uhi ʻia ko kākou mau māmā ʻelua e kahi membrane pale i kapa ʻia ʻo 'pleural tissue' .
Māmā hema
ʻElua lobes o ka māmā hema. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia ma mua o ka ʻākau. ʻO ke kumu o kēlā, ʻo ia ke hana i kahi no ko kākou puʻuwai. Aia ko kākou puʻuwai ma kahi e pono ai ke kikowaena o ka māmā hema. No laila, ma ka māmā hema, aia kahi hakahaka liʻiliʻi i ʻoki ʻia e kūpono i ka puʻuwai, a mākou e kapa nei ʻo 'cardiac notch' .
He aha ka mea e hana maoli ana i loko o nā māmā?
ʻO ka hana nui o nā māmā, ʻo ia ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka oxygen i nā cell i loko o ko kākou kino a me ka wehe ʻana i ke kalapona ʻokikene, kahi huahana ʻōpala i hana ʻia e nā cell, mai ke kino. Hana ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he 12 a 20 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia minuke.
E noʻonoʻo ʻoe e hanu ana.
1. Ke hanu ʻoe ma kou ihu a waha paha, hele ka ea ma ke kua o kou puʻu a komo i loko o kou trachea , ka ʻōpū hanu nui.
2. A laila māhele ʻia kēia trachea i ʻelua lālā. Kāhea mākou i kēia mau 'bronchial tubes' . Hoʻopili kekahi i ka māmā ʻākau, a ʻo kekahi i ka māmā hema.
3. I loko o nā māmā, māhele kēia mau ʻōmole i nā lālā liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo 'bronchi' a me nā ʻōmole liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo 'bronchioles' .
4. ʻO ka hope loa, pili kēia mau kahawai liʻiliʻi i kahi hui o nā ʻeke ea liʻiliʻi e like me ka puʻu hua waina. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea ʻo 'alveoli' . ʻO kēia nā lio hana nui i loko o ko kākou mau māmā. Ma o kēia mau ʻeke ea e hoʻohui ʻia ai ka oxygen i ka ea a kākou e hanu ai i ke koko.
Ma hope o ka omo ʻana i ka oxygen, haʻalele ke koko i nā māmā a hele i ka puʻuwai. Mai laila mai, hoʻopuka ka puʻuwai i kēia koko waiwai oxygen ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ia ka manawa e loaʻa ai i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana a me nā ʻiʻo i loko o ko kākou kino ka oxygen e pono ai e ola.
Ke hoʻohana nā ʻāpana o ke kino i ka oxygen, hana lākou i ke kalapona ʻokikene ma ke ʻano he huahana ʻōpala. Hoʻi ia i ke koko a hele i nā māmā. Ke hanu mākou i waho, haʻalele kēia kinoea kalapona ʻokikene i makemake ʻole ʻia mai ke kino.
I mea e hana pono ai nā māmā, pono e wehe ʻia kēia mau ala ea i ka wā e hanu ai a hanu i loko a i waho. Pono hoʻi ʻaʻohe mumū a i ʻole ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana o ka mucus.
Pehea e pale ai nā māmā iā lākou iho?
He nui nā ʻano pale kupaianaha o ko kākou ʻōnaehana hanu e pale ai i nā mea ʻino e like me ka lepo a me nā germs i ka lewa mai ke komo ʻana i loko o ko kākou mau māmā i ka wā e hanu ai kākou.
- Nā lauoho liʻiliʻi ma ka ihu: Hana kēia e like me ke kānana e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ea. Pale lākou i nā mea e like me nā ʻāpana lepo nui mai ke komo ʻana i ka ihu.
- ʻO ka mucus i hana ʻia i loko o nā ʻōmole trachea a me nā bronchial: Mālama kēia mucus i nā ala ea i ka pulu. Hoʻopaʻa pū ia i nā mea e like me ka lepo a me ka bacteria.
- ʻO Cilia: He mau ʻano lauoho liʻiliʻi kēia i loko o ko kākou mau ala ea. Neʻe mau lākou i luna, e hoʻokuke ana i ka mucus a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe i ka puʻu. A laila hiki iā mākou ke ʻū a ale paha iā lākou. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu nui e pōʻino ai ka puhipaka, ʻo ia ka hōʻino ʻia ʻana o kēia mau cilia e ka uahi.
Nā maʻi maʻamau a me nā kūlana e pili ana i nā māmā
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, he nui nā maʻi e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ko kākou mau māmā. He liʻiliʻi kekahi, aʻo kekahi hiki ke mau a koʻikoʻi. Aia ma lalo kekahi o nā mea maʻamau.
| Inoa Kūlana | I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi... |
|---|---|
| Asthma | Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana ma muli o ke ālai ʻia ʻana o ke ala ea. |
| ʻO ka bronchitis | ʻO ka hōʻailona nui ka ʻū. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i ka wā pōkole a i ʻole ka wā lōʻihi (mau). |
| Ka maʻi pulmonary obstructive mau loa (COPD) | He maʻi hanu e ʻoi mālie ana ka ʻino i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa a ʻaʻole hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia. |
| Pneumonia | Hiki i kahi germ e komo ana i loko o nā māmā ke hoʻopiha i nā māmā i ka wai, a hiki ke koi ʻia ka mālama ʻia ʻana i ka haukapila. |
| ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu | He maʻi e hoʻopilikia nui ai i nā māmā, akā hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. |
| Ka maʻi ʻaʻai māmā | ʻO ka puhipaka ka mea nui e pilikia ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai māmā. |
| Covid-19 (COVID-19) | He maʻi viral e hiki ai ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi hanu ʻoluʻolu a koʻikoʻi paha. |
He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi akemāmā?
Inā he pilikia kou i ka māmā, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o nā hōʻailona ma lalo nei. He mea kēia e pono ai ke makaʻala .
- Pōkole o ka hanu : Pōkole o ka hanu ʻoiai ke hana nei i nā hana liʻiliʻi.
- ʻEha umauma : ʻEha e ʻoi aʻe ka ʻeha i ka wā e hanu hohonu ai a ʻūhū paha.
- Kuke: He kuke mau loa, ʻoi aku hoʻi ka mea e mau ana no nā pule. He ʻūpē koko.
- Luhi: Manaʻo mau o ka luhi nui.
- ʻŪhū: He leo hūhū mai ka umauma mai.
- Ka pehu ʻana o nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae a me nā wāwae: Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia i kekahi mau maʻi māmā.
Inā hoʻomau ʻoe i kēia mau hōʻailona, mai hoʻowahāwahā iā lākou. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa e hana ai, ʻo ia ke ʻike koke i kāu kauka a ʻimi i ka ʻōlelo aʻo.
Pehea e nānā ai i ke olakino o ka māmā?
Ke hele ʻoe e ʻike i ke kauka, hiki iā ia ke nānā iā ʻoe a loaʻa kekahi mau manaʻo e pili ana i kou mau māmā. Eia kekahi laʻana:
- Hoʻolohe ʻia ka umauma me ka stethoscope a nānā ʻia no nā leo ʻē (crackles, wheezing).
- Helu ʻoe i ka nui o nā hanu āu e lawe ai i kēlā me kēia minuke.
- Hoʻopili ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Pulse Oximeter i kahi manamana lima a ana i ka pae oxygen i loko o ke koko.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻokolokolo kino, pono paha nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole e ʻike pololei i ke kūlana.
Nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi o nā māmā
ʻAe kēia i ke kauka e ʻike i ke kūlana i loko o kou mau māmā.
- X-ray umauma
- Nānā CT
- ʻO ke kiʻi ʻana o ka ultrasound
- Nānā MRI
Nā Hoʻāʻo Hana Mama
Ke ana kēia mau hoʻokolohua i ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o kou mau māmā.
- Spirometry: He hoʻāʻo e ana i ka wikiwiki a me ka nui o ka ea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hanu i waho.
- Hoʻāʻo hele wāwae ʻeono minuke: Ke ana kēia i ke ʻano o ka loli ʻana o kou pae oxygen a me ka helu o ka puʻuwai i kou hele ʻana no 6 mau minuke.
Nā kaʻina hana e pono ai ka anesthesia
I kekahi mau hihia, pono paha e hoʻouna i kahi kāmela i loko o nā māmā e nānā i loko a lawe paha i kahi ʻāpana ʻiʻo (biopsy) no ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana.
- Bronchoscopy: He kaʻina hana e hoʻokomo ʻia ai kahi ʻōmole palupalu me kahi kāmela liʻiliʻi ma o nā alaloa ea e nānā ai i nā māmā.
- ʻO ka biopsy māmā: Lawe ʻia kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo mai ka māmā a nānā ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope.
Nā mea hiki iā kākou ke hana e mālama i ke olakino o ko kākou mau māmā
Nui nā mea hiki iā kākou ke hana e mālama i ke olakino o ko kākou mau māmā, a e mālama i nā maʻi māmā inā loaʻa iā kākou ia.
- E pale loa i ka puhipaka: ʻO kēia ka mea maikaʻi loa a koʻikoʻi loa hiki iā ʻoe ke hana. E hoʻōki i ka puhipaka ʻana i nā cigarette, beedis, a me ka vaping pū kekahi.
- E mālama i ke kaumaha olakino: I ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaumaha o ke kino, ʻoiai ke hōʻiliʻili ka momona ma ka ʻōpū, ua kaupalena ʻia ka hiki o nā māmā ke hoʻonui.
- E hoʻoikaika kino i nā manawa a pau:Hoʻonui ka hoʻoikaika kino i ka hiki ke hoʻoikaika kino i ka māmā. Eia nō naʻe, inā he mea hou ʻoe i ka hoʻoikaika kino, e nīnau mua i kāu kauka.
- E ʻai i nā meaʻai olakino.
- E inu i ka wai he nui: E kōkua kēia i ka hoʻomāmā ʻana i ka mucus i loko o kou mau māmā a e maʻalahi ai ka wehe ʻana.
- E pale iā ʻoe iho mai nā maʻi: E holoi pinepine i kou mau lima. E noho mamao aku mai ka poʻe maʻi. E kiʻi i nā lāʻau pale i ʻōlelo ʻia e kāu kauka.
Leka Lawe-Home
- He ʻōkana koʻikoʻi kou mau māmā e hāʻawi ana i ka oxygen i ke kino a hoʻopau i ke kalapona ʻokikene.
- ʻO ka puhipaka ka pōʻino nui loa hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kou mau māmā. I mea e ola ai kou mau māmā, pono ʻoe e hoʻōki loa i ka puhipaka.
- Mai hoʻowahāwahā i nā hōʻailona e like me ke kuʻi mau, ka pōkole o ka hanu, a i ʻole ka ʻeha o ka umauma. He mau hōʻailona paha kēia o kahi maʻi māmā. E ʻike koke i kāu kauka .
- He mea nui ka nohona olakino (ʻai maikaʻi, hoʻoikaika kino) i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino o kou mau māmā.
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