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Mob plab heev thiab tsis nco qab dab tsi li... Cia peb kawm txog tus kab mob tsawg tsawg no? (Acute Hepatic Porphyria)

Mob plab heev thiab tsis nco qab dab tsi li... Cia peb kawm txog tus kab mob tsawg tsawg no? (Acute Hepatic Porphyria)

Xav txog seb, tsis muaj laj thawj dab tsi, koj mam li mob plab uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau. Nrog rau qhov ntawd, koj ob txhais ceg kuj tsis muaj zog, koj xav tias koj yuav tsaus muag, thiab koj xeev siab. Txawm tias tom qab mus ntsib ntau tus kws kho mob thiab ua ntau qhov kev kuaj mob, tseem tsis tau pom qhov ua rau muaj mob. Koj lossis ib tus neeg koj paub puas tau muaj qhov kev paub no? Tej zaum qhov ua rau muaj mob yog ib yam mob caj ces tsawg heev uas ntau tus neeg hauv peb lub tebchaws tsis tau hnov ​​​​​​txog. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib qho mob zoo li no, Acute Hepatic Porphyria , lossis AHP.

Hais yooj yim xwb, Acute Hepatic Porphyria (AHP) yog dab tsi?

AHP yog ib qho mob caj ces tsis tshua muaj uas cuam tshuam rau peb lub paj hlwb thiab qee zaum peb daim tawv nqaij. Nws tsis tshua muaj uas nws cuam tshuam txog li 5 ntawm 100,000 tus neeg. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov tsos mob sai sai, hnyav, thiab mob. Qee zaum, cov no tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.

Yuav kom nkag siab qhov no, cia peb tham me ntsis txog cov ntshav hauv peb lub cev. Peb cov qe ntshav liab muaj cov protein hu ua " Hemoglobin ". Nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog khaws cov pa oxygen uas nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws thaum peb ua pa thiab xa mus rau txhua lub cev thiab cov nqaij hauv lub cev. Nws zoo li 'kev pabcuam xa khoom' uas nqa cov pa oxygen.

Muaj lwm yam khoom tseem ceeb uas tseem ceeb rau kev ua cov protein no hu ua "Hemoglobin", thiab peb hu nws tias "Heme" .

Qhov uas tshwm sim hauv lub cev ntawm ib tus neeg uas muaj kab mob AHP yog qhov txo qis lossis poob ntawm cov enzyme uas xav tau ntawm qee theem hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom no hu ua "Heme". Nws zoo li thaum ua zaub mov, yog tias ib qho khoom xyaw ploj lawm, cov zaub mov yuav tsis tuaj yeem npaj tau zoo.

Qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov enzyme no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv peb lub siab . Peb kuj hu ua lub siab '(Hepatic)'. Yog vim li ntawd tus kab mob no thiaj li tau raug hu ua 'Acute Hepatic Porphyria' .

Tam sim no, yuav ua li cas thaum peb ua tsis tau `(Heme)`? Cov khoom siv raw uas tau siv rau nws, uas yog `(Porphobilinogen – PBG)` thiab `(Aminolevulinic acid – ALA)`, pib sib sau ua ke hauv daim siab. Cov tshuaj lom no sib sau ua ke hauv cov ntshav thiab mus ncig thoob plaws lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua rau peb lub paj hlwb puas tsuaj. Vim yog qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas ua rau cov tsos mob xws li mob hnyav , loog , thiab xeev siab tshwm sim.

Cov hom kab mob AHP tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?

Muaj plaub hom AHP tseem ceeb. Txhua hom yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov enzyme sib txawv hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim "(Heme)". Tab sis tag nrho plaub hom feem ntau cuam tshuam rau lub siab thiab lub paj hlwb.

Mob Porphyria Mob Porphyria (AIP)

Qhov no yog hom uas cuam tshuam rau 80% ntawm cov neeg mob AHP, uas yog, feem ntau. Hauv qhov no, muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov enzyme '(Hydroxymethylbilane synthase - HMBS)'. Qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog kev hloov pauv hauv '(HMBS)' gene. Hauv kev kho mob, peb hu qhov no ua '(mutation)' gene . Qhov no qee zaum tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm niam txiv mus rau menyuam. Lossis qee zaum nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis raws cai hauv ib tus neeg uas tsis muaj keeb kwm tsev neeg.

Cov tsos mob ntawm AHP zoo li cas?

Tsis yog txhua tus neeg uas muaj AHP muaj cov tsos mob zoo ib yam. Tej zaum ib txhia neeg yuav tsis muaj cov tsos mob li thoob plaws lawv lub neej. Tab sis tej zaum ib txhia neeg yuav muaj cov tsos mob hnyav heev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub txog cov tsos mob no.

Lub cev system raug cuam tshuam Cov tsos mob uas pom ntau zaus
Mob plab (hais txog lub plab) Mob plab hnyav heev, tsis paub vim li cas (qhov no yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ), xeev siab, ntuav, cem quav.
Lub paj hlwb Tej yam mob xws li loog loog, tsis muaj zog, mob nqaij thiab qaug zog, thiab tsis tshua muaj kev tuag tes tuag taw.
Lub siab lub ntsws Tsis nyob twj ywm, ntxhov siab, tsis meej pem, pom kev tsis tseeb.
Lub plawv thiab ntshav siab Lub plawv dhia ceev ceev, ntshav siab.
Lwm yam ntaCov zis hloov xim liab tsaus los yog xim av (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tus kab mob hnyav heev).

Vim tias tus kab mob no tsis tshua muaj, cov tsos mob no feem ntau yuav raug yuam kev nrog rau lwm cov kab mob uas pom ntau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev kuaj mob qeeb.

Dab tsi yog cov yam ua rau tus kab mob hnyav zuj zus tuaj?

Ib tug neeg uas muaj AHP tuaj yeem ua neej nyob li qub. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj tej yam uas ua rau muaj tus kab mob no. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub txog cov no.

  • Qee cov tshuaj: Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qee cov tshuaj xws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj '(Barbiturates)' thiab '(Sulfa)'. Yog tias koj muaj AHP, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham ua ntej noj tshuaj.
  • Kev haus dej cawv: Cawv yog qhov ua rau mob hnyav dua.
  • Kev noj zaub mov kom nruj lossis kev yoo mov: Kev noj zaub mov uas muaj calories thiab carbohydrates tsawg (starch) tuaj yeem ua rau tus kab mob hnyav dua.
  • Kev Hloov Pauv Hormonal: Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov poj niam, cuam tshuam nrog lawv lub voj voog ncig.
  • Kev Nyuaj Siab thiab Kev Kab Mob: Txhua yam kev ntxhov siab rau lub cev, txawm tias yog ib qho mob sib kis xws li kub taub hau lossis mob khaub thuas, tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav dua.

Thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob?

Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob no, thov tsis txhob xav tias lawv zoo li qub. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kho mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

  • Yog koj mob plab hnyav uas tsis paub meej, rov tshwm sim dua.
  • Yog tias cov tsos mob ntawm lub paj hlwb xws li loog thiab qaug zog tshwm sim tib lub sijhawm.
  • Yog koj paub tias muaj ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg muaj tus kab mob '(Porphyria)'.
  • Yog koj pom tias koj cov zis hloov xim liab/xim av tsaus.

Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob hnyav, xws li mob tsis taus, ua pa nyuaj, tsis meej pem, lossis poob ceg, mus rau chav kho mob ceev (ETU) ntawm tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Puas muaj kev kho mob rau AHP?

Vim qhov no yog ib yam kab mob uas los ntawm noob caj noob ces, tseem tsis tau muaj tshuaj kho tau. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov kev kho mob zoo heev los tswj thiab tiv thaiv kom tus kab mob no loj zuj zus.

Thaum mob hnyav, yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob thiab kho mob.

  • Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau tus kab mob loj hlob tuaj thiab tiv thaiv nws.
  • Cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog raug muab los tswj qhov mob hnyav.
  • Cov tshuaj muab rau kom tswj tau qhov xeev siab thiab ntuav.
  • Los ntawm kev muab cov piam thaj (qab zib) rau lub cev, uas yog, qabzib nrog cov ntsev los ntawm cov hlab ntsha, kev tsim cov tshuaj lom hauv lub siab tuaj yeem txo qis.
  • Ua ib qho kev kho mob tshwj xeeb , kev txhaj tshuaj '(Heme)' yog ua '(Hemin infusions)'. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev muab '(Heme)' sab nraud, xa lub cim rau lub siab hais tias, "Koj muaj '(Heme)', koj tsis tas yuav ua ntxiv lawm," thiab nres kev tsim cov tshuaj lom.
  • Sib nrug ntawm qhov no, tam sim no muaj cov tshuaj niaj hnub tsim los ntawm kev siv tshuab caj ces los tiv thaiv tus kab mob kom tsis txhob rov tshwm sim rau cov neeg uas muaj mob hnyav zuj zus.

Tus kws kho mob uas kuaj koj yuav txiav txim siab seb yuav kho qhov twg zoo tshaj plaws rau koj.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

  • Kab mob siab Acute Hepatic Porphyria (AHP) yog ib yam kab mob tsis tshua muaj uas ua rau muaj cov tsos mob hnyav. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob no ua neej nyob li qub.
  • Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog cov tsos mob ntawm lub paj hlwb (tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj zog) nrog rau mob plab hnyav uas tsis paub ua cas.
  • Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tsis txhob noj tej yam uas ua rau tus kab mob hnyav zuj zus, xws li tej tshuaj, cawv, thiab kev yoo mov.
  • Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob txawv txawv, tshwj xeeb yog tias ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg muaj tus kab mob no, nco ntsoov mus ntsib kws kho mob.
  • Tam sim no muaj cov kev kho mob zoo heev los tswj tus kab mob no thiab tswj kev rov tshwm sim dua. Yog li ntawd, tsis tas yuav ntshai.

AHP, Mob Porphyria Mob Siab Hnyav, Porphyria, Mob plab, Cov kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb, Cov kab mob caj ces, Heme, Hemoglobin, Porphyrin, Cov kab mob tsis tshua muaj

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 2 + 7 =
Mob plab heev thiab tsis nco qab dab tsi li... Cia peb kawm txog tus kab mob tsawg tsawg no? (Acute Hepatic Porphyria)

Mob plab heev thiab tsis nco qab dab tsi li... Cia peb kawm txog tus kab mob tsawg tsawg no? (Acute Hepatic Porphyria)

Xav txog seb, tsis muaj laj thawj dab tsi, koj mam li mob plab uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau. Nrog rau qhov ntawd, koj ob txhais ceg kuj tsis muaj zog, koj xav tias koj yuav tsaus muag, thiab koj xeev siab. Txawm tias tom qab mus ntsib ntau tus kws kho mob thiab ua ntau qhov kev kuaj mob, tseem tsis tau pom qhov ua rau muaj mob. Koj lossis ib tus neeg koj paub puas tau muaj qhov kev paub no? Tej zaum qhov ua rau muaj mob yog ib yam mob caj ces tsawg heev uas ntau tus neeg hauv peb lub tebchaws tsis tau hnov ​​​​​​txog. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib qho mob zoo li no, Acute Hepatic Porphyria , lossis AHP.

Hais yooj yim xwb, Acute Hepatic Porphyria (AHP) yog dab tsi?

AHP yog ib qho mob caj ces tsis tshua muaj uas cuam tshuam rau peb lub paj hlwb thiab qee zaum peb daim tawv nqaij. Nws tsis tshua muaj uas nws cuam tshuam txog li 5 ntawm 100,000 tus neeg. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov tsos mob sai sai, hnyav, thiab mob. Qee zaum, cov no tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.

Yuav kom nkag siab qhov no, cia peb tham me ntsis txog cov ntshav hauv peb lub cev. Peb cov qe ntshav liab muaj cov protein hu ua " Hemoglobin ". Nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog khaws cov pa oxygen uas nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws thaum peb ua pa thiab xa mus rau txhua lub cev thiab cov nqaij hauv lub cev. Nws zoo li 'kev pabcuam xa khoom' uas nqa cov pa oxygen.

Muaj lwm yam khoom tseem ceeb uas tseem ceeb rau kev ua cov protein no hu ua "Hemoglobin", thiab peb hu nws tias "Heme" .

Qhov uas tshwm sim hauv lub cev ntawm ib tus neeg uas muaj kab mob AHP yog qhov txo qis lossis poob ntawm cov enzyme uas xav tau ntawm qee theem hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom no hu ua "Heme". Nws zoo li thaum ua zaub mov, yog tias ib qho khoom xyaw ploj lawm, cov zaub mov yuav tsis tuaj yeem npaj tau zoo.

Qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov enzyme no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv peb lub siab . Peb kuj hu ua lub siab '(Hepatic)'. Yog vim li ntawd tus kab mob no thiaj li tau raug hu ua 'Acute Hepatic Porphyria' .

Tam sim no, yuav ua li cas thaum peb ua tsis tau `(Heme)`? Cov khoom siv raw uas tau siv rau nws, uas yog `(Porphobilinogen – PBG)` thiab `(Aminolevulinic acid – ALA)`, pib sib sau ua ke hauv daim siab. Cov tshuaj lom no sib sau ua ke hauv cov ntshav thiab mus ncig thoob plaws lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua rau peb lub paj hlwb puas tsuaj. Vim yog qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas ua rau cov tsos mob xws li mob hnyav , loog , thiab xeev siab tshwm sim.

Cov hom kab mob AHP tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?

Muaj plaub hom AHP tseem ceeb. Txhua hom yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov enzyme sib txawv hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim "(Heme)". Tab sis tag nrho plaub hom feem ntau cuam tshuam rau lub siab thiab lub paj hlwb.

Mob Porphyria Mob Porphyria (AIP)

Qhov no yog hom uas cuam tshuam rau 80% ntawm cov neeg mob AHP, uas yog, feem ntau. Hauv qhov no, muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov enzyme '(Hydroxymethylbilane synthase - HMBS)'. Qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog kev hloov pauv hauv '(HMBS)' gene. Hauv kev kho mob, peb hu qhov no ua '(mutation)' gene . Qhov no qee zaum tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm niam txiv mus rau menyuam. Lossis qee zaum nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis raws cai hauv ib tus neeg uas tsis muaj keeb kwm tsev neeg.

Cov tsos mob ntawm AHP zoo li cas?

Tsis yog txhua tus neeg uas muaj AHP muaj cov tsos mob zoo ib yam. Tej zaum ib txhia neeg yuav tsis muaj cov tsos mob li thoob plaws lawv lub neej. Tab sis tej zaum ib txhia neeg yuav muaj cov tsos mob hnyav heev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub txog cov tsos mob no.

Lub cev system raug cuam tshuam Cov tsos mob uas pom ntau zaus
Mob plab (hais txog lub plab) Mob plab hnyav heev, tsis paub vim li cas (qhov no yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ), xeev siab, ntuav, cem quav.
Lub paj hlwb Tej yam mob xws li loog loog, tsis muaj zog, mob nqaij thiab qaug zog, thiab tsis tshua muaj kev tuag tes tuag taw.
Lub siab lub ntsws Tsis nyob twj ywm, ntxhov siab, tsis meej pem, pom kev tsis tseeb.
Lub plawv thiab ntshav siab Lub plawv dhia ceev ceev, ntshav siab.
Lwm yam ntaCov zis hloov xim liab tsaus los yog xim av (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tus kab mob hnyav heev).

Vim tias tus kab mob no tsis tshua muaj, cov tsos mob no feem ntau yuav raug yuam kev nrog rau lwm cov kab mob uas pom ntau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev kuaj mob qeeb.

Dab tsi yog cov yam ua rau tus kab mob hnyav zuj zus tuaj?

Ib tug neeg uas muaj AHP tuaj yeem ua neej nyob li qub. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj tej yam uas ua rau muaj tus kab mob no. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub txog cov no.

  • Qee cov tshuaj: Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qee cov tshuaj xws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj '(Barbiturates)' thiab '(Sulfa)'. Yog tias koj muaj AHP, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham ua ntej noj tshuaj.
  • Kev haus dej cawv: Cawv yog qhov ua rau mob hnyav dua.
  • Kev noj zaub mov kom nruj lossis kev yoo mov: Kev noj zaub mov uas muaj calories thiab carbohydrates tsawg (starch) tuaj yeem ua rau tus kab mob hnyav dua.
  • Kev Hloov Pauv Hormonal: Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov poj niam, cuam tshuam nrog lawv lub voj voog ncig.
  • Kev Nyuaj Siab thiab Kev Kab Mob: Txhua yam kev ntxhov siab rau lub cev, txawm tias yog ib qho mob sib kis xws li kub taub hau lossis mob khaub thuas, tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav dua.

Thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob?

Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob no, thov tsis txhob xav tias lawv zoo li qub. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kho mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

  • Yog koj mob plab hnyav uas tsis paub meej, rov tshwm sim dua.
  • Yog tias cov tsos mob ntawm lub paj hlwb xws li loog thiab qaug zog tshwm sim tib lub sijhawm.
  • Yog koj paub tias muaj ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg muaj tus kab mob '(Porphyria)'.
  • Yog koj pom tias koj cov zis hloov xim liab/xim av tsaus.

Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob hnyav, xws li mob tsis taus, ua pa nyuaj, tsis meej pem, lossis poob ceg, mus rau chav kho mob ceev (ETU) ntawm tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Puas muaj kev kho mob rau AHP?

Vim qhov no yog ib yam kab mob uas los ntawm noob caj noob ces, tseem tsis tau muaj tshuaj kho tau. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov kev kho mob zoo heev los tswj thiab tiv thaiv kom tus kab mob no loj zuj zus.

Thaum mob hnyav, yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob thiab kho mob.

  • Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau tus kab mob loj hlob tuaj thiab tiv thaiv nws.
  • Cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog raug muab los tswj qhov mob hnyav.
  • Cov tshuaj muab rau kom tswj tau qhov xeev siab thiab ntuav.
  • Los ntawm kev muab cov piam thaj (qab zib) rau lub cev, uas yog, qabzib nrog cov ntsev los ntawm cov hlab ntsha, kev tsim cov tshuaj lom hauv lub siab tuaj yeem txo qis.
  • Ua ib qho kev kho mob tshwj xeeb , kev txhaj tshuaj '(Heme)' yog ua '(Hemin infusions)'. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev muab '(Heme)' sab nraud, xa lub cim rau lub siab hais tias, "Koj muaj '(Heme)', koj tsis tas yuav ua ntxiv lawm," thiab nres kev tsim cov tshuaj lom.
  • Sib nrug ntawm qhov no, tam sim no muaj cov tshuaj niaj hnub tsim los ntawm kev siv tshuab caj ces los tiv thaiv tus kab mob kom tsis txhob rov tshwm sim rau cov neeg uas muaj mob hnyav zuj zus.

Tus kws kho mob uas kuaj koj yuav txiav txim siab seb yuav kho qhov twg zoo tshaj plaws rau koj.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

  • Kab mob siab Acute Hepatic Porphyria (AHP) yog ib yam kab mob tsis tshua muaj uas ua rau muaj cov tsos mob hnyav. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob no ua neej nyob li qub.
  • Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog cov tsos mob ntawm lub paj hlwb (tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj zog) nrog rau mob plab hnyav uas tsis paub ua cas.
  • Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tsis txhob noj tej yam uas ua rau tus kab mob hnyav zuj zus, xws li tej tshuaj, cawv, thiab kev yoo mov.
  • Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob txawv txawv, tshwj xeeb yog tias ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg muaj tus kab mob no, nco ntsoov mus ntsib kws kho mob.
  • Tam sim no muaj cov kev kho mob zoo heev los tswj tus kab mob no thiab tswj kev rov tshwm sim dua. Yog li ntawd, tsis tas yuav ntshai.

AHP, Mob Porphyria Mob Siab Hnyav, Porphyria, Mob plab, Cov kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb, Cov kab mob caj ces, Heme, Hemoglobin, Porphyrin, Cov kab mob tsis tshua muaj

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 2 + 7 =