Kan taksa thuruk roreltu tenau te: Chromosome chungchang kan sawi mai dawn em ni?

Chibai! I dam em? Vawiin hian kan taksa chhunga thil mak leh pawimawh tak tak kan sawi dawn a, mahse kan ngaihtuah vak lo. Engvangin nge i mit rawng hi i nu ang a, i sam rawng hi i pa ang a nih tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Tu emaw pawhin i nuihzatthlak chu i pite nuihzat ang a ni tih pawh a sawi tawh maithei, a dik em? Chromosomes hi heng zawng zawng nena inzawm thil a ni a, kan taksa peng tenau zawng zawngah hian a awm vek a ni. A hming hi thil lian tak angin lang mah se, lungngai suh, hei hi awlsam taka hriatthiam theih thil a ni. Vawiinah hian kan thianpa nena kan inbiak ang chiah hian sawi ila.

Heng cell te hi eng nge ni tak tak? Chuta tang chuan tan ila!

I taksa pum pui chu in lian leh mawi tak angin han mitthla teh. He in hi brick te tak te maktaduai tam tak hmanga siam a ni. Brick pakhat mah a mah chauhin kan hmu thei lo va, mahse kan dah khawm chuan in lian tak kan siam thei a ni. Chutiang bawkin kan taksa pawh hi thil tenawm tak tak, hmuh theih loha siam a ni. Hengte hi cell kan tih te hi an ni . Heng cell te hi an te em em a, an hmuh theih nan hmanraw bik, microscope kan mamawh a ni.

Heng cell te hi kan vun, thinlung, thluak , mit, leh kan taksa hmun tinah te a awm a. In chhunga pindan leh bang zawng zawng hi brick hmanga siam ang mai a ni. Cell tin hian hna bik an nei vek a. Cell thenkhat chu an inzawm khawm a, vun an siam a, thenkhat chu an inzawm khawm a, thinlung an siam bawk . Mak a ni lo maw?

Chuti a nih chuan khawiah nge heng chromosome te hi an awm? Engtin nge an hmel?

Okay, tunah chuan cell chungchang kan hre ta. Kan taksa peng te tak te, brick ang maia lang te kha ka sawina a ni. Cell tin chhungah hian hmun pawimawh tak a awm a, chu chu drawer te tak te emaw, room te tak te chhunga safe emaw ang chi hi a ni. Chu chu scientifically chuan nucleus kan tih chu a ni . A awlsam zawngin, cell control center a ni. Chu nucleus chhungah chuan heng chromosome an tih te hi an dah khawm a.

Chûngte chu eng ang nge an nih i hria em? Anni chu hruihrual sei tak ang mai an ni . Thread ball tha tak tak tam tak, a inzawm khawm vek, mawi taka inrem tak tak te kha han mitthla teh. Mahse, hengte hi thread inzawmkhawm mai mai a ni lo em ni? Chung chhungah chuan kan nun pum pui, kan nihna nena inzawm thu leh thupek hlu tak tak hrang hrang dahkhawm a ni.

Chromosome chhunga gene awmte chu engte nge ni?

Tunah chuan chromosome te hi cell chhunga thread ang mai an ni tih kan hre ta. Chromosome pakhat i en chuan a chhungah hian a pawimawh zawk, a te zawk za tam tak, a chang chuan sang tam tak a awm a ni. Chu hmun tenau te chu gene kan tih chu an ni .

A awlsam zawngin, chromosome chu lehkhabu lian tak a nih chuan, genes chu chu lehkhabu chhunga bung emaw, sentence emaw, thumal emaw ang mai a ni. Gene tin hian kan taksa tana ziak thupek, a nih loh leh thuchah, a nih loh leh thu hriatna bik a nei a.

Genes hi chaw tui tak siamna tur recipe-a step angin ngaihtuah rawh. Gene pakhat chuan i mit chu eng rawng nge a nih tur tih a hrilh che a, pakhat chuan i sam chu a dinglam tur nge a hrual tur tih a hrilh che a, pakhat chuan i san dan tur a hrilh bawk. Heng genes chhungah hian hetiang ang instruction hi sang tam tak a awm a.

Chuti a nih chuan heng genes te hi engtin nge an awm? Engvangin nge kan mamawh?

Heng genes te hi ‘keini’ min siamtu ber an ni. Chumi awmzia chu kan taksa mizia tam tak chu heng genes atanga thupek kan dawn a\angin a innghat tihna a ni. Heng entîrnate hi han en teh:

• I mit rawng (blue, brown, black, gray) te.
• I sam rawng leh a texture (black, brown, blonde; straight, wavy, curly) te .
• I vun rawng chu .
• I sang leh tawi tih hi a tlangpuiin a innghat (a dik e, ei leh in ang chi thil pawh hian hmun a chang a, mahse ruahmanna bulpui ber chu genetics a ni).
• Thil tenau tak tak pawh i earplugs plug in leh plug in loh ang chi te .
• I susceptibility to certain diseases , chu chu natna thenkhat i vei theihna a tam emaw a tlem emaw tihna a ni.

Hetiang thil sang tam tak hi kan gene atanga thupek kan dawn hian a hril a ni. Computer-a software ang bawkin, heng gene-te hian kan taksa chu a awm dan tur leh hna tinreng thawh dan tur a hrilh a ni.

Entirnan, i thianpa Kasun hian a nu ang bawka mit dum hring hring a nei ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Hei hi a chhan chu Kasun hian mit sen hring (light brown eyes) genes chu a nu hnen atangin a rochun vang a ni. Mahse, Kasun sam chu a pa sam ang maiin dum dum leh hrual a ni thei. Hei hi a pa hnen atanga a genes a rochun vang a ni. Hei hi kan nu leh pate hnen atangin mizia kan rochun vek dan a ni.

Chromosome engzat nge kan neih? Khawi atanga lo kal nge an nih?

Hei hi thil pawimawh tak a ni. A tlangpuiin mi hrisel tak cell tin hian (cell chi hrang hrang thenkhat, entirnan sex cell tih loh) hian heng chromosome pahnih 23 an nei vek a. Pair chuan pahnih an awm tihna a ni. Chuvangin an vaia i belhkhawm chuan chromosome 46 a awm a ni.

Kekawrte mawi tak tak 23 i nei ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Pair tinah pheikhawk pakhat chu i nu hnen atanga lo chhuak a ni a, pakhat chu i pa hnen atanga lo chhuak a ni. A awlsam hle mai, a ni lawm ni?

Chu chu, chromosome 46 i hmuh zinga a chanve chiah, chu chu 23 chu i nu duh tak aṭanga lo chhuak tihna a ni . A chanve dang, chu chu chromosome dang 23 te hi i pa duh tak hnen atanga lo chhuak a ni . Hei hi kan pian tirh, chu chu kan nu atanga egg cell leh kan pa atanga sperm cell (Sperm cell lakkhawm lai hian.

Hei hi a pianphungah chuan design mak tak a ni. Chutiang chuan kan nu leh pa pahnih atanga genes awmna chromosome kan dawng a, chuvang chuan a chang chuan kan nu angin kan lang a, a chang chuan kan pa angin kan lang a, a chang chuan an pahnih inzawmkhawm mawi tak pawh kan ni. A châng chuan kan pi leh pute ang pawh kan ni thei a, a chhan chu chu gene-te chu thlah khat aṭanga thlah dangah an lo inthleng tawh a ni .

Heng chromosome 46 te hi i pian tirh khan i taksaah an awm a, i dam chhung zawngin i hnenah an awm a, naute i nih atanga i naupan lai thlengin, i tar thlengin an awm reng a ni. I taksa thanlenna leh thanlenna kaihruaitu an ni a, engkim a kal tluang taka kal theihna tura puitu an ni.

Naute chu hmeichhia nge mipa tih thutlukna pawh heng chromosomes te nen hian a inzawm tlat!

Chromosome pahnih pair 23 a awm kan ti a. Chung zinga pair 22 chu a tam zawk chu mipa leh hmeichhiaah an inang vek a ni. Hengte hi taksa pianphung dang zawng zawng (a san zawng, mit rawng, leh vun rawng ang chi) thununtu an ni.

Mahse chromosome pahnih hnuhnung ber, a nih loh leh 23-na hi chu a danglam deuh hlek a ni. He pair hian mi pakhat chu mipa a nih leh nih loh a hril a ni. Hei vang hian doctor te chuan hengte hi sex chromosomes an ti fo thin .

Heng sex chromosome te hi chi hnih a awm a. Pakhat chu ‘X’ chromosome an ti a, pakhat chu ‘Y’ chromosome an ti bawk.

• Hmeichhia a nih chuan , X chromosome pahnih a nei. Chu chu XX kan tih chu a ni. Heng X chromosome pahnih zingah hian pakhat chu nu atanga lo chhuak a ni a, pakhat chu pa atanga lo chhuak a ni.
• Mipa naupang a nih chuan , X chromosome pakhat leh Y chromosome pakhat a nei. Chu chu XY kan tih chu a ni. Hetiang a nih chuan X chromosome chu nu atanga lo chhuak a ni a, Y chromosome chu pa atanga lo chhuak a ni.

I hmu em? Nausen sex hi a pain a rochun chromosome (X or Y) a\angin a hril a ni. A chhan chu nu hian a fa hnenah X chromosome chauh a pe thei a ni. Pa chuan X emaw Y emaw a pe thei a, chuvangin pain Y a rochun chuan mipa a ni a, pain X a rochun chuan hmeichhia a ni. Hei pawh hi a ngaihnawm vak lo em ni?

Pian hnuah pawh heng chromosome te hi kan tan a pawimawh em?

Ni e, a dik tak zet! I pian hnuah pawh heng chromosome 46 te hian i taksa chhungah hna an thawk chhunzawm zel a, cell tinah te pawh an thawk chhunzawm zel a ni. Naupan lai a\angin zawi zawiin i lo seilian a, i san zawng a sang a, i taksa a inthlak a, i nail leh sam a lo sei a, hliam i neih chuan a dam leh a, heng zawng zawng hi chu chromosome chhunga genes te hian a kaihruai vek a ni.

In sakna atana hman blueprint ang mai an ni . Chu blueprint ang chuan kan taksa chu nitin a lo thang lian zel a, a siam tha zel a, a enkawl chhunzawm zel bawk. Heng chromosome-a information awmte hi kan taksaa cell thar lo piang chhuaktu a ni.

A châng chuan, a tlem berah chuan heng chromosome-te hian inthlâk danglamna, tlâkchhamna, a nih loh leh thil dang engemaw zat an nei thei a ni. Hei hi genetic disorder thenkhat , Down Syndrome , a lo awm hun a ni. Chuvangin heng chromosomes te hi a zat dik tak (chu chu 46 tihna a ni) leh a awm dan tur dik taka neih hi kan hriselna atan a pawimawh hle.

Mahse chutiang thil chu hlauh reng reng a ngai lo. A chhan chu a tam zawkah chuan he thil buaithlak tak hi a dik hle a, mak tak maiin a thleng thin. Hei hi thilsiam thilsiam mak tak tia sawi chu thil dik lo a ni lovang.

Chuti a nih chuan, he thawnthu atang hian eng thuchah nge kan hriat reng tur ?

Okay, vawiinah hian chromosome chungchang kan sawi nasa hle a ni lawm ni? Tunah chuan ngaihtuahna tha tak i nei tawhin ka hria. A tawi zawngin, hriat reng tur pawimawh tak takte chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Chromosomes hi kan taksa cell zawng zawng deuhthaw chhunga awm, thread ang maia te tak te, mahse thiltithei tak tak a ni.
• Heng chromosome-ah hian gene sang tam tak a awm a. Heng gene-te hian taksa pianphung tam tak a hril a, chu chu kan mit rawng, sam awm dan, leh kan san zawng te hi a ni.
• Kan cell-ah hian chromosome 46 kan nei vek a, chu chu pair 23 a ni. Chung zinga a chanve (23) chu kan nu hnen atangin kan dawng a, a chanve dang (23) chu kan pa hnen atangin kan dawng bawk.
• Hmeichhia (XX) nge mipa (XY) kan nih leh nih loh chu heng chromosome pahnih bik, sex chromosome-te hian a hril a ni.
• Heng chromosome te hian kan pian hnu pawhin kan taksa thanlenna, siamthatna leh hrisel taka dam khawchhuahna kawngah min kaihruai chhunzawm zel a ni.

Chromosomes hi thil tenawm mak tak tak, ‘keimahni’ min siamtu, kan taksa blueprint bulpui, kan nihna (identity) a ni. An chanchin hriat hian kan taksa hi eng ang taka buaithlak leh mak tak maia duan nge a nih tih i hrethiam mai bakah i hriselna pawh a enkawl thei bawk ang!

Chuvangin, a dawt leha darthlalang-a i in en leh hunah, i mit, i sam, i vun rawng i en hunah, i nuihzatthlakzia i ngaihtuah hunah, heng zawng zawng hnuaiah hian i nu leh pa hnen atanga i hmuh chromosome te te, nangmah ngeiin i identity nena ziah te kha a awm tih hre reng ang che. Chu chu thil danglam tak a ni lo maw?

` Chromosomes, Genes, Cells, Heredity, Taksa ziarang, Genetics, Hriselna