He maha ngā wā ka rongo tātou i te kupu "ADHD" i ēnei rā, kāore? Kua rongo pea koe i tēnei kupu ina kōrero ana mō tāu tamaiti, mō te tamaiti rānei a tētahi whanaunga, a tētahi hoa rānei. Ki tā ētahi he "roaroa noa iho te aro." Engari ko te ADHD he mate he hītori hauora hohonu ake i tērā. Nō reira, i tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō te kitenga tuatahi a ngā tākuta i tēnei mate e kiia nei ko te ADHD, me pēhea tōna huringa i roto i te wā, me ngā mea e mōhiotia ana e tātou mōna i ēnei rā.
I pēhea te tautuhi tuatahi i tēnei āhuatanga?
Kāore tēnei kōrero i tīmata inanahi, engari i neke atu i te 200 tau ki muri. Whakaarohia, i te tau 1798 , i kite tētahi tākuta Kōtimana, a Tā Alexander Crichton, i tētahi mea rerekē. I kite ia he uaua ki ētahi tāngata te aro ki tētahi mea pērā i ētahi atu, e kopikopiko tonu ana ō rātou hinengaro. Ko te mea nui ko te mea kua pāngia rātou e tēnei mate mai i te tamarikitanga. Ko te mea e kīia nei e tātou i ēnei rā ko te ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) he tino rite ki taua mate.
Kātahi, i te tau 1902 , i puta mai tētahi atu tākuta ko Tā George Frederic Still te pūrongo mō tētahi rōpū tamariki hauora, kāore hoki he hauātanga hinengaro. He tino pukumahi ēnei tamariki, he uaua ki te whakahaere i ō rātou aro me te whakahaere i a rātou anō. I puta mai i a ia te pūrongo mō ngā tama 15 me ngā kōtiro 5. E mōhio tonu ana tātou i ēnei rā he nui ake te tūponotanga ka kitea he ADHD ngā tama i ngā kōtiro. Nō reira, ka taea e koe te whakaaro ki te tika o ēnei kitenga, tika?
Te pūtake o te ingoa "hyperkinetic"
I roto i ngā wā, ka nui ake ngā rangahau i mahia mō tēnei. I te tau 1932, i whakaahuahia e ngā tākuta Tiamana tokorua, a Franz Kramer rāua ko Hans Polnau, tētahi mate e kiia nei ko te "Mate Hyperkinetic." He māmā noa iho, he uaua ki ngā tamariki he mate pēnei te noho puku . Kāore rātou e whai i ngā ture, ka taea e ēnei te whakararuraru i ngā mahi o te akomanga. He uaua hoki ki a rātou te mahi tahi me ētahi atu tamariki.
I tīmata tēnei āhua i te tamarikitanga, i te 3-4 tau te pakeke, ā, ka tino piki ake i te 6 tau te pakeke. Engari ko te rongo pai, i te taenga ki te 7 tau te pakeke o ngā tamariki, ka memeha haere te āwangawanga, ā, mō te tini, ka pai ake te āhua i a rātou e pakeke haere ana.
Ko te rongoā tuatahi mō te ADHD me te taenga mai o Ritalin
He kaupapa tino whakamere tēnei. I te tau 1937 , i kite tētahi tākuta Amerikana ko Charles Bradley tōna ingoa, i te wā i hoatu ai e ia he Benzedrine, he rongoā whakaohooho, ki ētahi tamariki, ka pai ake ō rātou whanonga. Ehara i te mea koinā anake, engari i pai ake hoki ā rātou mahi kura.
Whakaarohia, ko te tikanga, ka whakaaro tātou ina hoatu he mea whakaohooho ki ngā tamariki, ka nui ake tō rātou whanoke. Engari i tēnei wā, ko te ritenga kē. Nā konei i mārama ai ngā tākuta he hononga te ADHD ki te matū o te roro .
Ko te rongoā e tino tohua ana mō te ADHD i ēnei rā ko te methylphenidate. I whakaurua tuatahitia ki te mākete i te tau 1954 i raro i te ingoa waitohu Ritalin . I whakamahia tuatahitia hei rongoā i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te ngenge mau tonu, engari i kitea i muri mai he tino whai hua ki te whakahaere i ngā tohumate ADHD.
Mai i te ADD ki te ADHD: Te huringa o te ingoa
Kua rerekē te ingoa o tēnei mate i roto i ngā wā, nā te mea kua pai ake tō tātou mōhiotanga mōna. E kitea mārama ana ēnei huringa i roto i te Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), i whakaputaina e te American Psychiatric Association.
| Tau | Ingoa me te whakaahuatanga i whakamahia |
|---|---|
| 1968 | Te tauhohenga hihiko rawa o te tamarikitanga: Arotahi ana ki te hihiko rawa. |
| 1980 | Mate Kore Aro (ADD): E rua ngā momo matua i whakaurua mai ki konei. Ko te ADD me te hihiko rawa me te ADD kāore he hihiko rawa. He rerekētanga nui tēnei, nā te mea i aro anō ki ngā tamariki kāore i te whanoke, engari he iti noa te aro. |
| 1987 | Mate Kore Aro Hirahira (ADHD): He ingoa e whakakotahi ana i ngā tohu e toru o te kore aro, te hiahia nui, me te hiahia nui. |
Te mārama ki te ADHD i tēnei rā
I ēnei rā, he whānui ake te tirohanga a ngā tākuta ki te ADHD. E ai ki te pukapuka ā-ringa hou a te DSM, i tukuna i te tau 2013 , e toru ngā "whakaaturanga" matua o te ADHD. Ko ngā "whakaaturanga" te huarahi e puta ai ngā tohu . He mea nui, ka taea e ēnei whakaaturanga te huri i roto i te oranga o te tangata.
| Whakaaturanga ADHD | Hei whakarāpopototanga... |
|---|---|
| Te nuinga o te kore aro | He uaua ki ēnei tāngata te noho tonu ki te huarahi tika, te whai i ngā tohutohu, me te whakarite mahi. Tērā pea te āhua nei kua ngaro rātou i roto i te ao moemoeā. Engari, te āhua nei kāore rātou i te tino whanoke. |
| Te nuinga o te Hihiri-Hīkoi | Kāore e taea e ēnei tāngata te noho ki te wāhi kotahi, kei te nekeneke tonu rātou, kei te oma, kei te pekepeke. Kāore e taea e rātou te tatari mō tō rātou wā. Ka pekepeke rātou i waenganui i ngā kōrero a ētahi atu. Ka mahi rātou me te kore whakaaro. |
| Whakakotahitia | Kei ēnei tāngata ngā āhuatanga o ngā momo e rua kua whakahuatia ake nei. Arā, he ngoikore te aro me te hihiko rawa. |
Ko tētahi atu mea nui, ko te whakaae a ngā tākuta inaianei kāore te ADHD e herea noa ki te tamarikitanga, ā, ka puta anō hoki ēnei tohu i te pakeketanga .
Ngā maimoatanga hou me te heke mai
Ko ngā rongoā whakaohooho tonu te rongoā e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te ADHD. Heoi, he maha atu anō ngā rongoā i tua atu i te Ritalin. I whakaurua mai anō hoki ngā rongoā kore-whakaohooho i muri i te tau 2002. Ko ētahi tauira ko te atomoxetine me te guanfacine.
Engari ko te mea nui, ki te whakapae koe kei a koe, kei tāu tamaiti rānei te ADHD, kōrero ki tētahi tākuta whai tohu mō tēnei mea. Ko ia te tangata ka taea te tātari tika i te mate, ā, ki te tika, te tūtohu i ngā rongoā me te rongoā whanonga . Kaua rawa e whakatau i runga i ngā kōrero noa.
Ina tirohia te hītori o te ADHD, ka kite tātou ehara i te mea i tupu noa mai, engari he mea kua mārama haeretia mā te mahi uaua a ngā tākuta me ngā kaipūtaiao i roto i ngā tau maha. Nō reira, he mea tino nui kia whakaaroarohia tēnei mate mā te pūtaiao.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- Ehara te ADHD i te mea hou. He roa tōna hītori hauora , neke atu i te 200 tau te roa.
- Ehara tēnei i te "ngoikore noa iho" i te "mangere" rānei. He mate hauora tūturu tēnei e pā ana ki te mahi a te roro.
- Ka kitea te ADHD i roto i ngā momo whakaaturanga. Ko ētahi tāngata he kore aro noa iho, ko ētahi he nui rawa te mahi, ā, ko ētahi pea he rua.
- Kāore e pāngia ngā tamariki anake e tēnei āhuatanga, engari ko ngā pakeke anō hoki.
- I ēnei rā, he tino whai hua ngā maimoatanga mō te ADHD, engari me whakatau ēnei whakatau katoa e tō tākuta.
- Ki te whakaaro koe kei a koe, kei tāu tamaiti rānei ēnei tohu, tena koa kōrero ki tō tākuta whānau, ki tētahi tohunga rānei mō tēnei mea.
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