ADHD ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Molakwika kwa Akuluakulu - Kodi Tikudziwa Izi?

Kodi mumavutikanso kukhala maso? Kodi mukumva kusakhazikika komanso kulephera kugwira ntchito yanu? Dokotala wanu mwina adakupatsani mankhwala chifukwa cha zizindikirozi. Kapena mwina mnzanu kapena wachibale wanu akumwa mankhwala a vutoli. Kale, tinkaganiza kuti matenda awa ndi omwe amakhudza ana aang'ono okha. Koma tsopano vutoli ( attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD) likupezekanso pakati pa akuluakulu. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a matendawa kwawonjezeka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za izi.

Kodi ADHD ndi chiyani? Kodi imakhudzadi akuluakulu?

Mwachidule, ADHD ndi vuto lomwe limayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa momwe ubongo wathu umagwirira ntchito. Izi zingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kuti munthu akhale ndi chidwi, kulamulira kusakhazikika maganizo, komanso kupanga zisankho mwachangu.

Ngakhale kale anthu ankaganiza kuti vutoli limangochitika ali ana okha, tsopano tikudziwa kuti anthu ambiri omwe anali ndi ADHD ali ana amapitirizabe kukhala ndi zotsatira zake mpaka atakula. Komanso, ngakhale kale anthu ankaganiza kuti limakhudza anyamata okha, madokotala tsopano akudziwa kuti atsikana ndi akazi nawonso ali ndi vutoli. Ichi ndichifukwa chake posachedwapa pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha akuluakulu, makamaka akazi, omwe akufuna chithandizo cha vutoli.

Mankhwala operekedwa pa izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa 'kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika'

Mtundu waukulu wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ADHD ndi mankhwala olimbikitsa, kapena omwe timawatcha ``Stimulants``. Mwa awa, gulu la `` Amphetamines`` (monga Adderall ndi Vyvanse) ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Akamwedwa monga momwe dokotala wanenera, mu mlingo woyenera komanso nthawi yoyenera, awa nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima kwambiri.

Koma, vuto limayamba pamene izi 'sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito'. Kodi zimenezo zikutanthauza chiyani?

• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa popanda mankhwala ochokera kwa dokotala (mwina mwa kufunsa mnzanu).
• Kumwa mapiritsi opitilira mlingo womwe waperekedwa (mwachitsanzo, kumwa mapiritsi awiri kapena atatu nthawi imodzi kuti muphunzire mayeso).
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala awa pazinthu zina kupatula zomwe dokotala wakupatsani.

Kafukufuku wamkulu waposachedwapa adapeza kuti pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa akuluakulu anayi (1/4) omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa molakwika. Kuphatikiza apo, munthu m'modzi mwa anthu khumi aliwonse amakhala ndi vuto lotchedwa ``Prescription Substance Use Disorder (PSUD)`` lomwe limayambitsa mavuto m'miyoyo yawo chifukwa cha mankhwalawa.

Kuopsa kwa chizolowezi ndi zizindikiro zoopsa

Mankhwalawa akhoza kuvulaza matupi ndi malingaliro athu akagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Ngati atengedwa mopitirira muyeso, angayambitse matenda aakulu, ngakhale oopsa monga kusakhazikika kwa kugunda kwa mtima (arrhythmias), khunyu, kapena sitiroko. Chifukwa chake, ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa zizindikiro zoopsa izi.

Tiyeni tiwone tebulo ili m'munsimu kuti tiwone zizindikiro za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo molakwika komanso kuledzera.

Nchifukwa chiyani kuzindikira ADHD kuli kovuta kwambiri?

Kuzindikira ADHD mwa akuluakulu kungakhale kovuta, chifukwa zizindikiro zake zimatha kufanana ndi matenda ena amisala. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kuvutika maganizo
• Nkhawa
• Matenda ovutika maganizo pambuyo pa zoopsa (PTSD)
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena

Choncho, dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yake amatha kuzindikira bwino ADHD pokhapokha atafufuza zinthu zonsezi ndikutsimikizira ngati zizindikirozi zakhalapo kuyambira ali mwana. Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse pa izi, onetsetsani kuti mwafunsa dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yake, makamaka katswiri wa zamaganizo, kuti akupatseni upangiri.

Kodi mungachepetse bwanji chiopsezo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mosamala?

Si aliyense amene amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amene angakhale chidakwa. Pali zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu.

1. Khalani ndi ubale wabwino ndi dokotala wanu: Khalani omasuka komanso oona mtima ndi dokotala amene anakupatsani mankhwala. Ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto ena chifukwa cha mankhwalawo, ngati mlingo wake ukuoneka wosakwanira, kapena ngati mukuda nkhawa kuti mungakhale ndi chizolowezi chomwa mankhwalawo, auzeni zonse.

2. Imwani mankhwala anu asanafike nthawi yomaliza: Musadikire mpaka mphindi yomaliza kuti mumwenso mankhwala anu asanafike nthawi yomaliza. Ngati mwadzidzidzi mutatha kumwa mankhwala, mungayambe kumva zizindikiro zosiya kumwa mankhwalawo ndipo simungamve bwino.

3. Pewani kupereka mankhwala anu kwa ena: Musapereke mankhwala anu kwa wina aliyense pazifukwa zilizonse . Sikuti ndi zoletsedwa zokha, komanso zingakhale zoopsa pa moyo wa munthuyo.

4. Tetezani chinsinsi chanu: Musauze aliyense kuti mukumwa mankhwala amtunduwu. Makamaka pakati pa achinyamata, pali mwayi waukulu woti angapemphe ndikugawana mankhwala mothandizidwa ndi anzawo. Choncho khalani osamala pang'ono pankhaniyi.

5. Pemphani thandizo: Ngati mukuona kuti mukukumana ndi zizindikiro za chizolowezi choledzera, chonde musaope kupempha thandizo. Mutha kupeza thandizo kuchokera kwa dokotala wanu, katswiri wa zamaganizo, kapena chipatala cha matenda amisala m'chipatala cha boma. Muthanso kupeza upangiri woyambira poyimbira foni ku National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) pa 1926 .

Kumbukirani, ADHD ndi vuto lomwe limatha kuthetsedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mosamala, moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala moyenera, kungathandize kwambiri moyo wanu. Vutoli lili pakugwiritsa ntchito molakwika komanso kuzolowera.