Kodi matenda a Thymoma ndi Thymic Carcinoma ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane za izi!

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva chinthu chachilendo pachifuwa panu, chifuwa chosalekeza, kapena kupuma movutikira? Nthawi zambiri, izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zifukwa zabwinobwino komanso zopanda vuto. Komabe, nthawi zina, izi zitha kukhalanso zizindikiro za khansa yogwirizana ndi thymus gland . Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za mitundu iwiri ya khansa yosowa, Thymoma ndi Thymic Carcinoma . Musadandaule, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

Kodi Thymoma ndi Thymic Carcinoma ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, thymoma ndi thymic carcinoma ndi mitundu iwiri ya khansa yomwe imayambira mu thymus gland yanu. Thymus gland ili kumbuyo kwa fupa lalikulu pakati pa chifuwa chanu (fupa la m'mawere). Mukakhala aang'ono, thymus gland imathandiza kupanga ma T-lymphocytes, kapena ma T-cell, mtundu wa maselo oyera amagazi omwe ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chomwe chimalimbana ndi matenda. Thymus gland ili ndi mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya maselo: maselo a epithelial ndi ma lymphocytes . Mtundu uliwonse wa maselowa ukhoza kukula modabwitsa ndikukhala khansa.

• Thymoma ndi thymic carcinoma zimachitika chifukwa cha kukula kosazolowereka kwa maselo a epithelial.
• Kukula kosazolowereka kwa ma lymphocyte kungayambitse khansa monga Hodgkin lymphoma kapena non-Hodgkin lymphoma .

Popeza thymomas ndi thymic carcinomas zonse zimayambira m'maselo a epithelial a thymus gland, madokotala amatchanso kuti Thymic Epithelial Tumors (TETs) .

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa Thymoma ndi Thymic Carcinoma ndi kotani?

Ngakhale kuti zonsezi ndi zotupa za epithelial za thymic (TETs), pali kusiyana kofunikira.

• Thymoma: Iyi nthawi zambiri ndi khansa yomwe ikukula pang'onopang'ono . Siimafalikira kawirikawiri kupitirira thymus gland.
• Thymic Carcinoma: Iyi ndi khansa yomwe ikukula mofulumira . Ilinso ndi mwayi waukulu wofalikira (metastasizing) ku ziwalo zina za thupi.

Kutengera ngati muli ndi thymoma (mtundu wosakwiya pang'ono) kapena thymic carcinoma (mtundu wokwiya kwambiri), chithandizo chomwe dokotala wanu angakupatseni komanso nthawi yomwe mungayembekezere zidzasiyana.

Ndani amene amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda amenewa?

Matenda a Thymoma ndi thymic carcinoma amapezeka kwambiri mwa akuluakulu azaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 75. Kafukufuku m'maiko ngati United States asonyeza kuti matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu ochokera ku Asia kapena Pacific Islander. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti amatha kufalikira mwa aliyense. Thymoma nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda otchedwa autoimmune paraneoplastic syndromes . Apa ndi pamene chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimaukira maselo ake athanzi molakwika. Izi zingayambitse zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zosasangalatsa. Zina mwa matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi thymoma ndi awa:

• Myasthenia gravis: Iyi ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa chitetezo chamthupi chomwe chimakhudza mitsempha ndi minofu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu ikhale yofooka .
• Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA): Iyi ndi matenda a m'magazi omwe mafuta anu a m'mafupa sapanga maselo ofiira okwanira, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
• Hypogammaglobulinemia (kapena Good syndrome): Ichi ndi kufooka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi. Apa, thupi lanu silipanga ma antibodies okwanira kuti alimbane ndi matenda ndikuletsa matenda.

Kuphatikiza apo, matenda ena a paraneoplastic syndromes amatha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi thymoma, koma samachitika kawirikawiri. Mwachitsanzo:

• Polymyositis
• Lupus erythematosus
• Matenda a nyamakazi
• Chithokomiro
• Matenda a Sjögren

Kodi thymoma ndi thymic carcinoma ndi zofala bwanji?

Matenda a khansa otchedwa Thymoma ndi thymic carcinoma ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri ya khansa yomwe imapezeka mu thymus gland. Komabe, kawirikawiri, awa ndi khansa yosowa kwambiri . Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale m'dziko lalikulu ngati United States, anthu pafupifupi 400 okha ndi omwe amapezeka ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse.

Kodi zizindikiro za thymoma ndi thymic carcinoma ndi ziti?

Anthu ambiri sasonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse kumayambiriro.Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuonekera khansa ikakula ndikuyamba kukhudza ziwalo zina pachifuwa. Zizindikiro zina zimagwirizana ndi matenda a paraneoplastic omwe atchulidwa kale.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi khansa yomwe imakhudza chiwalo cha pachifuwa

Ululu ndi kuvutika kupuma kungakhale zizindikiro za thymoma kapena thymic carcinoma. Zizindikiro izi ndi izi:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kumva ngati chifuwa chagwira.
• Chifuwa chosatha chomwe sichimatha.
• Kupuma movutikira.
• Kuvuta kumeza chakudya.

Nthawi zina, zotupa zimenezi zimatha kutseka kapena kufinya vena cava yapamwamba, mtsempha waukulu womwe umanyamula magazi kupita kumtima. Izi zingayambitse matenda oopsa kwambiri otchedwa superior vena cava syndrome . Ngati izi zitachitika, mutha kukumana ndi zizindikiro monga:

• Chifuwa
• Kuvuta kupuma
• Kutopa
• Chizungulire
• Mutu
• Kutupa kwa khosi ndi nkhope
• Kutupa kwa manja ndi manja
• Mitsempha yooneka bwino pamwamba pa thupi

Zizindikiro za paraneoplastic syndromes

Ngati muli ndi thymoma, mutha kukhala ndi chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo za paraneoplastic syndromes. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kuona zinthu ziwiri, zikope zopindika, kutopa kwambiri, ndi kufooka kwa minofu (izi ndi zizindikiro za myasthenia gravis).
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha aplasia yeniyeni ya maselo ofiira a magazi).
• Matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi, kutsegula m'mimba, ndi kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes (izi ndi zizindikiro za hypogammaglobulinemia).

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa thymoma (thymic carcinoma)?

Ndipotu, palibe zinthu zinazake zomwe zimayambitsa thymoma m'majini kapena m'chilengedwe zomwe zapezeka . Kafukufuku akupitilirabe kuti adziwe ngati vutoli likugwirizana ndi mavairasi osiyanasiyana, zotsatira za cholowa, ndi mitundu ina ya khansa.

Kodi thymoma (thymic carcinoma) imapezeka bwanji? (Kuzindikira)

Dokotala wanu angadziwe kuti muli ndi chotupa chamtunduwu pokhapokha atachita mayeso ojambulira kuti aone chomwe chayambitsa zizindikiro zanu. Kuti atsimikizire matendawa, dokotala wanu adzakuyezani thupi lanu ndikufunsani za zizindikiro zanu komanso mbiri yanu yachipatala. Kenako, angachite chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi kuti adziwe zambiri za chotupacho:

• X-ray ya pachifuwa: X-ray imatha kuwonetsa zinthu monga zotupa mkati mwa thupi. Ikhozanso kupereka chidziwitso chofunikira, monga momwe m'mphepete mwa chotupacho zimaonekera bwino. Chotupa chokhala ndi m'mphepete momveka bwino n'chosavuta kuchichotsa opaleshoni.
• Kujambula kwa CT:Kujambula pachifuwa pogwiritsa ntchito CT scan ndiye njira yodziwika bwino yodziwira matenda a thymoma. Nthawi zina dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala apadera (contrast medium) mumtsempha wanu. Izi zithandiza kuti chotupacho chiwonekere bwino pa scan. Nthawi zambiri, CT scan ndi yokwanira kuzindikira thymoma kapena thymic carcinoma.
• Kujambula kwa MRI: MRI imatha kupanga zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za chotupacho. Izi zingathandize dokotala kusiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina ya zotupa. Mwachitsanzo, MRI ingathandize kudziwa ngati ndi thymoma kapena thymic carcinoma.
• Kujambula kwa PET kapena PET/CT: Pakujambula kwa PET, dokotala amaika shuga wotetezeka komanso wowopsa m'mitsempha mwanu. Yankholi limasonkhana mozungulira maselo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, monga maselo a khansa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu monga zotupa ziwonekere bwino pa kujambulidwa. Nthawi zambiri, kujambulidwa kwa PET ndi kujambulidwa kwa CT kumatha kuchitika nthawi imodzi (PET/CT).
• Kufufuza za khansa: Njira yokhayo yotsimikizira kuti munthu wapezeka ndi matenda ndi kuchita biopsy. Apa ndi pomwe dokotala amatenga chitsanzo cha maselo kuchokera ku chotupacho ndikuwayang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu. Ngati n'kotetezeka kutero, dokotalayo adzachotsa chotupa chonsecho ndikuwunika maselowo. Ngati chotupa chonsecho sichingachotsedwe, chitsanzo chimodzi chokha chidzatengedwa kuti chikafufuzidwe.

Kodi thymoma (thymic carcinoma) imayesedwa bwanji ?

Kugawa khansa m'magulu kutengera kuopsa kwake. Zinthu zambiri zimafunika kudziwa kuopsa kwa matendawa. Kudziwa gawo la khansa yanu kumathandiza dokotala wanu kukonzekera chithandizo ndikukupatsani lingaliro la mwayi wanu wopulumuka. Thymoma ndi thymic carcinoma zimayikidwa m'magawo pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya TNM . TNM imayimira Tumor, Nodes, ndi Metastasis. Kuti adziwe gawo la khansa yanu, madokotala amafufuza mayankho a mafunso monga:

• Chotupa (T): Kodi pali chotupa? Kodi ndi chachikulu bwanji? Chili kuti?
• Ma Lymph Nodes (Ma Nodes - N): Kodi khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes? Ndi ma lymph nodes ati? Yafalikira mpaka pati?
• Kufalikira kwa khansa (M): Kodi khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi kunja kwa thymus gland? Ku ziwalo ziti?

Kutengera ndi mayankho a mafunso awa, dokotala wanu adzagawa khansa yanu m'magawo kuyambira 1 (chimodzi) mpaka IV (chinai). Chiwerengero chikakhala chachikulu, khansayo yafalikira kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, khansa ya siteji yoyamba yafalikira pang'ono kuposa khansa ya siteji yachinayi. Dokotala wanu angaganizirenso zinthu zina, monga momwe maselo a khansa alili osazolowereka, kuti adziwe kuopsa kwa vuto lanu.

Kodi mankhwala a thymoma (thymic carcinoma) ndi otani?

Chithandizo chomwe mumalandira chimadalira zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo, gawo la khansayo, komanso ngati khansayo yangopezeka kumene kapena yabwereranso. Njira zina zochiritsira zingaphatikizepo:

• Opaleshoni: Dokotala wa opaleshoni ya pachifuwa akhoza kuchotsa chotupa chanu pogwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni. Ngati khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes, thymus gland, kapena mapapu, angachotsenso zina zake. Opaleshoni ndiyo njira yaikulu yothandizira thymoma yoyambirira. Ngati chotupa chonsecho sichingachotsedwe bwino, dokotalayo adzachotsa chotupacho chochuluka momwe angathere kuti achepetse zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa chotupacho.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Katswiri wa khansa ya radiation amatha kupereka radiation ku khansa pogwiritsa ntchito external beam radiation therapy . Chithandizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito makina kutsogolera X-ray pa chotupacho kuti chiphe maselo a khansa. Chingagwiritsidwe ntchito chokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ena, monga chemotherapy kapena opaleshoni.
• Chemotherapy: Ngati opaleshoni singathe kuchotsa chotupacho, mungapatsidwe mankhwala a chemotherapy kuti muphe maselo a khansa. Dokotala wa matenda a magazi kapena dokotala wa khansa angakupatseni mankhwala a chemotherapy kuti muchepetse chotupacho musanachite opaleshoni kapena kuti muchiritse khansa yomwe yabwerera.
• Chithandizo Cholunjika: Ngati maselo anu a khansa ali ndi kusintha kwa majini , mungapatsidwe chithandizo cholunjika. Mankhwalawa amapangidwira kuti azitha kusintha majini ndikupha maselo a khansa. Ichi chingakhale chithandizo cha thymoma ndi thymic carcinoma ngati mankhwala ena, monga chemotherapy, sanagwire ntchito.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Chithandizochi chimalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuti chizithandiza kuzindikira ndikuwononga maselo a khansa. Ichi chingakhale njira ya khansa ya thymic yomwe siikuyankha ku chemotherapy.
• Mayeso azachipatala: Mayeso azachipatala ndi kafukufuku amene amayesa chitetezo ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mankhwala atsopano kapena osiyanasiyana a khansa. Kutengera mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo, mutha kukhala oyenerera pulogalamu imodzi mwa mapulogalamuwa omwe amayesa mankhwala atsopano a khansa. Funsani dokotala wanu za izi.

Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mugwire ntchito ndi gulu la opereka chithandizo chamankhwala ochepetsa ululu kuti akuthandizeni panthawi yonse yomwe mukudwala khansa. Akatswiri opereka chithandizo chamankhwala ochepetsa ululu akuphatikizapo madokotala, anamwino, ndi akatswiri ena. Angakuthandizeni kuthana ndi zizindikiro za khansa komanso zotsatirapo za chithandizo. Kaya khansa yanu ili pati kapena mwayi wanu wochira, chithandizo chamankhwala ochepetsa ululu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa thymoma ndi thymic carcinoma kumapulumuka bwanji?

Kawirikawiri, thymomas imakhala ndi chiyembekezo chabwino kuposa thymic carcinomas. Komanso, ngati khansayo ili mu thymus gland yokha, kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kumakhala bwino kuposa ngati khansayo yafalikira. Chiwerengero cha zaka zisanu cha thymic carcinoma ndi motere (kumbukirani, izi ndi ziwerengero zapakati):

• Ngati khansa ili mu thymus gland yokha: 95%
• Ngati yafalikira ku ziwalo zapafupi ndi ma lymph nodes: 78%
• Ngati yafalikira kumadera akutali a thupi (yomwe yafalikira): 38%

Komabe, ziwerengerozi sizikuganizira zinthu zinazake monga thanzi lanu lonse, mtundu wa khansa, gawo la khansa, kapena momwe mumayankhira chithandizo. Kuchuluka kwa moyo wanu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zingapo. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukufotokozerani izi. Choncho musachite mantha ndi ziwerengerozi.

Kodi ndingayembekezere chiyani ngati ndili ndi khansa iyi?

Nthawi zina, zizindikiro zonse za khansa zimatha kutha kwathunthu (kukhululukidwa) , ndipo khansayo singabwererenso. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, mitundu yonse iwiri ya khansa imatha kubwereranso (kubwereranso) . Pankhani ya thymoma, khansayo imatha kupitirira kwa nthawi yayitali osabwereranso. Komabe, muyenerabe kupita kuchipatala nthawi zonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti mulibe khansa.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Lankhulani ndi gulu lanu lachipatala za matenda anu ndi njira zina zothandizira. Musazengereze kufunsa mafunso aliwonse omwe muli nawo okhudza khansa ndi momwe ingakhudzire moyo wanu. Mungafune kufunsa mafunso monga:

• Kodi khansa yanga ili pamlingo wotani?
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe ndili nazo?
• Kodi ndine woyenerera kutenga nawo mbali mu mayeso azachipatala? Kodi mungandilimbikitse kuti nditenge nawo mbali?
• Cholinga cha chithandizo ndi chiyani?
• Ndi zotsatirapo ziti zomwe ndiyenera kuyembekezera?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuyembekezera kuti zotsatirapo zake ziyambe liti?
• Kodi mwayi woti khansa ibwererenso ndi wotani?
• Kodi matenda anga ndi chithandizo changa zidzakhudza bwanji moyo wanga?

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Kuzindikira matenda a thymoma kapena thymic carcinoma kungatanthauze zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Zotupa zina zimakula pang'onopang'ono, pomwe zina zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri. Zina zimatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni, koma zina zitha kufalikira pofika nthawi yomwe dokotala wanu wazipeza. Chofunika kwambiri ndikulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za momwe khansa yanu ingakhudzire zotsatira za chithandizo chanu.Komanso, kambiranani zabwino ndi zoyipa za njira iliyonse yothandizira. Kumbukirani, simuli nokha. Pali madokotala, abale, ndi abwenzi omwe angakuthandizeni kuthana ndi vutoli. Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira komanso kukhala ndi chiyembekezo. Ngati muli ndi mafunso aliwonse, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu. ` thymoma, thymic carcinoma, thymus gland, khansa, kupweteka pachifuwa, chifuwa, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune, cancer treatment, cancer, thymoma, thymic carcinoma, thymus gland