Kodi mankhwala atsopano amapangidwa bwanji? Tiyeni tiphunzire za maphunziro azachipatala!

Kodi munayamba mwamwapo mankhwala? Kapena kuchitidwa opaleshoni? Ngati ndi choncho, kodi mumadziwa kuti chithandizo chomwe munalandira chinayesedwa mu kafukufuku wazachipatala kuti chitsimikizire kuti ndi chotetezeka komanso chapamwamba chisanafike m'manja mwanu? Lero tikulankhula za ulendo wofunikawu womwe umatibweretsera mankhwala atsopano ndi chithandizo. Mwachidule, tikulankhula za maphunziro azachipatala .

Kodi kafukufuku wa zachipatala ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, kafukufuku wa zachipatala ndi njira yoyesera mankhwala atsopano, njira zochitira opaleshoni, kapena zipangizo zachipatala pamagulu a anthu. Mayesero awa ndi omwe amalola ofufuza kudziwa ngati chithandizo chatsopano chili chotetezeka komanso ngati chikugwiradi ntchito .

Izi zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu.

1. Mayeso azachipatala

Apa ndi pomwe mankhwala atsopano, chipangizo, kapena chithandizo zimayerekezeredwa ndi chinthu chomwe chilipo kale. Tangoganizani kuti mwapeza mankhwala atsopano a shuga. Umu ndi momwe mumayesera:

• Ndi chithandizo chabwino kwambiri chomwe chilipo panopa: Mankhwala atsopanowa akuyerekezeredwa ndi chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha matenda a shuga chomwe chilipo panopa.
• Ndi placebo: Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. "placebo" ndi chinthu chomwe chimawoneka ngati mankhwala, koma sichili ndi mankhwala aliwonse ogwira ntchito. Nthawi zina, kungoganiza kuti chidzakupangitsani kumva bwino kungakupangitseni kumva bwino pang'ono. Chifukwa chake izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa ngati mankhwala atsopanowo akugwiradi ntchito kapena ngati ndi zotsatira zamaganizo zomwe zimakupangitsani kumva bwino.
• Palibe chithandizo: Nthawi zina, kufananiza kumachitika ndi gulu lomwe sililandira chithandizo chilichonse.

Ofufuza amagawa ophunzira m'magulu awiri. Gulu limodzi limapatsidwa chithandizo chatsopano. Gulu lina limapatsidwa chithandizo chomwe chilipo kale kapena ``placebo''. Kenako amayerekeza zotsatira za magulu awiriwa.

2. Maphunziro Owonera

Izi zikuphatikizapo kuona zomwe zimachitika kwa anthu akamatsatira chithandizo kapena moyo winawake. Mwachitsanzo, kuphunzira kusiyana kwa thanzi pakati pa anthu omwe amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ndi omwe sachita.

Ndani amabwera ndi malingaliro ofufuza awa? Ndani amapereka ndalamazo?

Kawirikawiri, lingaliro la kafukufuku wamankhwala wamtunduwu limachokera kwa wofufuza kuchipatala, kuchipatala cha yunivesite, kapena kampani yamankhwala. Kenako wofufuzayo amapanga kafukufukuyo kuti ayankhe mafunso ena. Mwachitsanzo, "Kodi mankhwalawa ndi abwino kuposa mankhwala omwe alipo?" "Kodi angayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa ?"

Kafukufuku wotereyu angawononge ndalama zambiri. Ndalama zimenezo zimachokera ku:

• Kuchokera ku makampani opanga mankhwala kapena zipangizo zachipatala.
• Kuchokera ku malo azachipatala aku yunivesite.
• Kuchokera ku mabungwe osapindula monga Alzheimer 's Association kapena American Cancer Society.
• Kuchokera ku mabungwe aboma monga National Institutes of Health.

Ndani amapanga izi? Kodi zimapangidwa kuti?

Pulojekiti iliyonse yofufuza imatsogozedwa ndi Wofufuza Wamkulu . Nthawi zambiri, munthu ameneyo ndi dokotala. Amathandizidwa ndi gulu lalikulu lofufuza. Gulu limenelo limaphatikizapo:

• Madokotala
• Anamwino
• Ogwira ntchito zachitukuko
• Akatswiri azakudya
• Ophunzira azachipatala
• Akatswiri ena azaumoyo akuphatikizidwa.

Kafukufukuyu amachitikira m'zipatala, m'malo ofufuzira a mayunivesite, m'zipatala za anthu ammudzi, komanso m'maofesi a madokotala. Nthawi zina, kafukufukuyu amalipira ndalama zoyendera ndege, mayendedwe, komanso ndalama zolipirira mahotela kwa anthu okhala kutali ndi malo ofufuzira.

Ndani amachita nawo kafukufukuyu? Kodi magawo a izi ndi otani?

Ndi anthu ngati inu. Anthu azaka zonse, mafuko, ndi amuna ndi akazi amaphatikizidwa. Anthu ena amalowa chifukwa mankhwala ena omwe adayesa sanagwire ntchito. Ena amalowa chifukwa palibe mankhwala a matenda awo pakadali pano.

Pali magawo anayi akuluakulu a kafukufuku wa zamankhwala. Chiwerengero cha ophunzira chimawonjezeka ndi gawo lililonse.

Kodi kafukufuku wabwino komanso wodalirika wa zamankhwala ndi wotani?

Dokotala wanu asanakupatseni mankhwala atsopano, amawerenga malipoti ofufuza zachipatala ngati awa kuti adziwe ngati akugwira ntchito komanso ngati ndi otetezeka. Amawonetsanso zotsatira zoyipa zomwe mankhwala angayambitse. Kuti dokotala wanu athe kusamala ndi zizindikiro zanu.

Kotero, nazi zina mwa zizindikiro za kafukufuku wapamwamba komanso wodalirika:

• Kuvomerezedwa ndi malamulo: Mankhwala atsopano, katemera, ndi zipangizo zachipatala ziyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi bungwe ngati FDA ku United States. Mabungwewa ali ndi malamulo okhwima oteteza anthu omwe akuchita nawo kafukufuku.
• Kuwunika kodziyimira pawokha: Kafukufukuyu amawunikidwanso nthawi zonse ndi gulu la madokotala kapena asayansi omwe sachita nawo kafukufukuyu. Amaonetsetsa kuti ndi otetezeka kwa ophunzira panthawi yonse yofufuza.
• Chilolezo Chodziwitsidwa: Ndikofunikira kuti aliyense amene akuchita nawo kafukufukuyu alandire chilolezo chodziwitsidwa . Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu asanalembetse kuti alowe nawo, ayenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino za ubwino, kuipa, ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike, komanso kudziwa zonse zomwe angafune kuti apange chisankho chodziwitsidwa.

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