Kodi mwaonapo kuti nthawi zina mwana wanu amachita zinthu mosiyana pang'ono ndi ana ena mkalasi? Mwina ndi wanzeru kwambiri, koma sakonda kwambiri kupanga mabwenzi kapena kusewera ndi ena. Kapena mwina amangokhalira kulankhula za nkhani yomweyi. Ndizachilendo kwa ife monga makolo kukhala ndi nkhawa pang'ono tikamaona zinthu ngati izi. Koma musadandaule. Chifukwa cha zinthuzi chikhoza kukhala Asperger's Syndrome . Chifukwa chake lero tikambirana izi mosavuta komanso mokoma mtima.
Mwachidule, kodi Asperger's Syndrome ndi chiyani?
Matenda a Asperger ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Izi zikutanthauza kusintha pang'ono kwa momwe ubongo wa mwana umakulira. Madokotala saonanso vutoli ngati matenda osiyana. M'malo mwake, limaonedwa ngati gawo la matenda a autism spectrum (ASD) .
Kumbukirani, matenda a autism si matenda amodzi okha omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, koma zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala ndi kuopsa kosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake matenda a Asperger ndi matenda ofatsa pang'ono m'gulu lino, omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe sizili zovuta kwambiri. Madokotala nthawi zina amatcha "autism yogwira ntchito kwambiri." Izi zikutanthauza kuti, anthuwa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chilankhulo, ndipo nzeru zawo zimakhala zapakati kapena kupitirira apo, koma mavuto awo akuluakulu amayamba pankhani yocheza ndi anthu.
Chofunika ndichakuti, ichi si matenda amisala kapena vuto pa kulera kwa makolo, koma kusintha kwa momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito chidziwitso .
Kodi dzina ili linabwera bwanji?
Matenda a Asperger amatchedwa dzina la Hans Asperger, yemwe kale anali dokotala ku Vienna, Austria. M'zaka za m'ma 1940, adayamba kuzindikira mavuto a chikhalidwe cha anthu mwa ana ena omwe ankawachiza. Zambiri zomwe tikudziwa lero zimachokera ku kafukufuku wake.
Komabe, pali mkangano wina pakugwiritsa ntchito dzinali. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti ankagwira ntchito panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Nazi ndipo kafukufuku wake akuimbidwa mlandu wokhudzana ndi mfundo zina za nthawi imeneyo. Chifukwa chake, anthu ena sakonda kugwiritsa ntchito dzinali. Komabe, chopereka chake pakuzindikira matenda awa chinali chofunikira.
Kodi zizindikiro za vutoli ndi ziti?
Zizindikirozi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe anthu awiri omwe ali ndi vutoli omwe ali ofanana. Koma pali zizindikiro zina zomwe zimafala. Zimayamba ali ana, nthawi zambiri pakati pa zaka 5 ndi 9. Komabe, anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro pambuyo pake.
Kuti zikhale zosavuta kumvetsetsa, tiyeni tiwone makhalidwe awa mu tebulo.
| Mtundu wa khalidwe | Zinthu zomwe zimawonedwa kawirikawiri |
|---|---|
| Maubwenzi ndi kulankhulana |
|
| Machitidwe a khalidwe | |
| Zina mwazinthu |
Kodi vutoli limapezedwa bwanji?
Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro izi,Choyamba muyenera kupita kwa dokotala wa ana. Iye angakutumizireni kwa mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo yemwe ndi katswiri pankhaniyi.
Dokotala amene amazindikira vutoli nthawi zambiri amakufunsani mafunso okhudza khalidwe la mwana wanu, monga:
- Kodi zizindikiro za mwana ndi ziti ndipo munazizindikira liti koyamba?
- Kodi mwanayo anayamba liti kulankhula? Kodi amalankhulana bwanji ndi ena?
- Kodi pali nkhani kapena zochita zilizonse zomwe amakonda kwambiri?
- Kodi mwanayo ali ndi anzake? Kodi amakumana bwanji ndi ena?
Kenako, dokotalayo amamuyang'anitsitsa mwanayo nthawi zosiyanasiyana, akuyang'ana momwe amalankhulirana komanso momwe amachitira zinthu. Palibe kuyezetsa magazi kapena kusanthula kwapadera kwa izi. Kuzindikira kumachitika mwa kuphunzira mosamala machitidwe a mwanayo komanso mbiri yake yakukula.
Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi zizindikiro izi mukakula, mutha kuwonana ndi dokotala wanu ndikukambirana za izi. Iye adzakutumizirani kwa katswiri woyenera. Pali akatswiri angapo omwe angakuthandizeni ndi izi:
- Akatswiri a zamaganizo: Kuzindikira ndi kuchiza mavuto amaganizo ndi a khalidwe.
- Akatswiri a Mitsempha: Amachiza matenda okhudzana ndi ubongo.
- Madokotala a Ana Okhudza Kukula kwa Ana: Ali ndi luso pa nkhani ya kulankhula kwa ana, chilankhulo, ndi mavuto ena okhudzana ndi kukula kwa ana.
- Madokotala a zamaganizo: Akatswiri a matenda amisala ndipo amatha kupereka mankhwala ngati pakufunika kutero.
Kodi njira zochiritsira ndi ziti?
Sizingachiritsidwe kwathunthu chifukwa ndi ntchito yosiyana ya ubongo ndi matenda. Komabe, ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso chithandizo, mutha kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera ndi vutoli ndikukhala moyo wopambana komanso wachimwemwe.
Popeza aliyense ndi wosiyana, palibe chithandizo chimodzi choyenera onse. Dokotala wanu adzayesa njira zingapo kuti apeze chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino kwa inu kapena mwana wanu.
- Maphunziro a luso la anthu: M'magulu kapena payekhapayekha, katswiri wa zamaganizo amaphunzitsa anthu momwe angalankhulire ndi ena, momwe angachitire nawo, komanso kufotokoza malingaliro awo moyenera.
- Chithandizo cha kulankhula: Izi zimathandiza kukulitsa luso lolankhulana. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo molankhula mokweza mawu, zimakuphunzitsani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mawu, momwe mungasungire makambirano pakati pa anthu awiri, komanso momwe mungamvetsetse manja ndi maso.
- Chithandizo cha Maganizo (CBT):Izi zimagwira ntchito posintha momwe mumaganizira ndikukuthandizani kulamulira malingaliro ndi machitidwe obwerezabwereza. Zingakuthandizeni kulamulira zinthu monga malingaliro opitirira muyeso, mkwiyo waukulu, ndi kupitirira muyeso.
- Mankhwala: Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala enieni a Asperger's kapena autism. Komabe, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala ena (monga SSRIs, Antipsychotics) kuti athandize kuchepetsa zotsatirapo zake , monga kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhawa .
- Maphunziro ndi maphunziro kwa makolo: Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vutoli, mudzaphunzitsidwa njira zomwezo monga mwana wanu. Kenako mutha kuthandiza mwana wanu kukulitsa luso locheza ndi anthu kunyumba.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kupatsa ana awa chikondi, kumvetsetsa, ndi kuleza mtima. Mwa kuzindikira ndi kulimbikitsa mphamvu zawo, amatha kuchita bwino kwambiri pa gawo lililonse.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a Asperger si matenda enaake, koma ndi gawo la matenda a autism spectrum (ASD).
- Zimakhudza kwambiri ubale wa anthu, kulankhulana, ndi machitidwe.
- Izi si vuto la makolo kapena kusaleredwa bwino. Ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe kwa kukula kwa ubongo.
- Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro izi, musaope kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala .
- Munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Asperger syndrome akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wabwino, wosangalala komanso wokhutiritsa akalandira chithandizo choyenera. Akhoza kukhala ndi luso lapadera komanso mphamvu zapadera.
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